Irvine Welsh

Welsh's first novel, Trainspotting, was published in 1993. Set in the mid-1980s, it uses a series of loosely-connected short stories to tell the story of a group of characters tied together by decaying friendships, heroin addiction and stabs at escape from the oppressive boredom and brutality of their lives in the housing schemes. It was released to shock and outrage in some circles and massive acclaim in others; Time Out called it "funny, unflinchingly abrasive, authentic and inventive", and The Sunday Times called Welsh "the best th ...

See also:

Irvine Welsh, Irvine Welsh - Work, Irvine Welsh - Themes, Irvine Welsh - Style, Irvine Welsh - Bibliography

Read more here: » Irvine Welsh: Encyclopedia II - Irvine Welsh - Work

British literature is literature from the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The largest part of this literature is written in the English language, but there are also separate literatures in the Welsh language, Scottish Gaelic, Scots and other languages. Northern Ireland is the only part of Ireland still part of the United Kingdom and it possesses literature in English, Ulster Scots and Irish. Irish writers have also played an important part in the development of English-language literature. Britis ...

Including:

• British literature - Old Celtic literature
• British literature - Old English literature
• British literature - Late medieval literature in England
• British literature - Other medieval literatures
• British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660
• British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century
• British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century
• British literature - 19th century English language literature
• British literature - The Romantics
• British literature - The 19th century novel
• British literature - Victorian poets
• British literature - Ireland
• British literature - Wales
• British literature - Scotland
• British literature - English language literature since 1900
• British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900
• British literature - Literary prizes

Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia - British literature

A baby boomer is someone who is born in a period of increased birth rates, such as those during the economic prosperity that in many countries followed World War II. In the United States, the term is commonly used to refer to the generation which demographers have identified with birth years between 1946 to 1964, despite the fact that the U.S. birth rate actually began to decline after 1957. Baby boomers presently make up the lion's share of the political, cultural, industrial and academic leadership class in the United ...

Including:

• Baby boomer - Prospects
• Baby boomer - Famous Baby-Boomers
• Baby boomer - Usage examples

Read more here: » Baby boomer: Encyclopedia - Baby boomer

The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States. It is awarded each year to the writer of a screenplay adapted from another source (usually a novel or play). See also the Academy Award for Writing Original Screenplay, a similar award for screenplays that are not adapted from elsewhere. Following is a listing of people who have won the award. This award started with the name Best Writing, Adaptation. Academy Awar ...

Including:

• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1920s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1930s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1940s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1950s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1960s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1970s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1980s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1990s
• Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay - 2000s

Read more here: » Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay: Encyclopedia - Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay

Charles Michael "Chuck" Palahniuk (born February 21, 1962 in Pasco, Washington, USA) is an American satirical novelist and freelance journalist living in Portland, Oregon. He is best known for the award-winning novel Fight Club, which was later made into a film directed by David Fincher. He has one of the largest centralized followings of any author on the Internet, based around his official web site. His writings, similar in style to those of such peers as Bret Easton Ellis, Irvine Welsh, and Douglas Coupland, have made him on ...

Including:

• Chuck Palahniuk - Biography
• Chuck Palahniuk - Writing style
• Chuck Palahniuk - Criticism
• Chuck Palahniuk - Adaptations
• Chuck Palahniuk - Fandom
• Chuck Palahniuk - Awards
• Chuck Palahniuk - Bibliography
• Chuck Palahniuk - Fiction
• Chuck Palahniuk - Non-fiction

Read more here: » Chuck Palahniuk: Encyclopedia - Chuck Palahniuk

1. In common with the rest of the UK. 2. No official anthem. God Save the Queen is traditionally the UK national anthem. See national symbols below. Scotland (Alba in Gaelic) is a nation in northwest Europe and a constituent country of the United Kingdom. The country occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shares a land border to the south with England and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the ...

Including:

• Scotland - Etymology
• Scotland - History
• Scotland - Politics
• Scotland - Law
• Scotland - Subdivisions
• Scotland - Geography
• Scotland - Climate
• Scotland - Economy
• Scotland - Demographics
• Scotland - Language
• Scotland - Religion
• Scotland - Education
• Scotland - Culture
• Scotland - Music
• Scotland - Literature
• Scotland - Sport
• Scotland - Media
• Scotland - National symbols
• Scotland - Gallery of Images

Read more here: » Scotland: Encyclopedia - Scotland

Acid house is a variant of house music characterized by the use of simple tone generators with tempo-controlled resonant filters. It began in the mid-1980s, when producers of house music discovered that they could create interesting sounds with the Roland TB-303 analogue bass synthesizer by tweaking the resonance and frequency cut-off dials as they played. Acid house music became a central part of the early rave scene in the U.K., and the yellow smiley became its emblem. Acid house - Etymology. There are co ...

Including:

• Acid house - Etymology
• Acid house - Notable acid house artists

Read more here: » Acid house: Encyclopedia - Acid house

Cockney rhyming slang (sometimes abbreviated as CRS) is a form of English slang which originated in the East End of London. Many of its expressions have passed into common language, and the creation of new ones is no longer restricted to Cockneys. Australian English shares some Cockney rhyming slang and also has many of its own terms. (See: Australian rhyming slang.) Some people have speculated that this is due to a s ...

Including:

• Cockney rhyming slang - Examples

Read more here: » Cockney rhyming slang: Encyclopedia - Cockney rhyming slang

Cunt is an English term that refers to the human female genitals. It is considered by many to be the most offensive word in the English language. In modern English, the word vagina is considered to be more polite, though strictly speaking this Latin word refers only to a specific part of the female genitalia, as does vulva. The earliest citation of the word in the Oxford English Dictionary is a reference to the London street name "Gropecunt Lane" dated to about 1230. Cunt - Usage. "Cunt" is also used ...

Including:

• Cunt - Usage
• Cunt - Feminist viewpoints
• Cunt - History
• Cunt - Other meanings
• Cunt - Testimonials
• Cunt - Uses in popular culture

Read more here: » Cunt: Encyclopedia - Cunt

The origin of the city's name is understood to come from the Brythonic Din Eidyn (Fort of Eidyn) from the time when it was a Gododdin hillfort. After it was besieged by the Bernician Angles the name changed to Edin-burh, which some have argued derives from the Anglo-Saxon for "Edwin's fort", possibly derived from the 7th century Northumbrian king Edwin. However, since the name apparently predates King Edwin, this is highly unlikely. The burgh element means "fortress" or "group of buildings", i.e. a town or city an ...

See also:

Edinburgh, Edinburgh - Origins of Edinburgh, Edinburgh - Other names, Edinburgh - The Centre, Edinburgh - Old Town, Edinburgh - New Town, Edinburgh - Leith, Edinburgh - Viewpoints, Edinburgh - Sports, Edinburgh - Demographics, Edinburgh - Economy, Edinburgh - Politics, Edinburgh - Art galleries, Edinburgh - Arts Venues, Edinburgh - Hospitals, Edinburgh - Museums and libraries, Edinburgh - Other features of interest, Edinburgh - Universities and colleges, Edinburgh - Schools, Edinburgh - Famous residents, Edinburgh - Foreign consulates, Edinburgh - Twinned cities worldwide, Edinburgh - Other places with the same name

Read more here: » Edinburgh: Encyclopedia II - Edinburgh - Origins of Edinburgh

(Note that Howe and Schwartz begin the Boom Generation in 1943 -- not 1946, on grounds that the years 1943 and 1943 reflect a divide of temperament between older Silent and younger, more radical Boomers). 1946 Kathleen Casey – Born 1 second after midnight on January 1st, 1946. Generally regarded as the "First Baby Boomer" Bill Clinton – 42nd President of the United States Dolly Parton – country singer and songwriter, actress Gregory Hines – dancer, actor - deceased Donald Trum ...

See also:

Baby boomer, Baby boomer - Prospects, Baby boomer - Famous Baby-Boomers, Baby boomer - Usage examples

Read more here: » Baby boomer: Encyclopedia II - Baby boomer - Famous Baby-Boomers

The origin of the city's name is understood to come from the Brythonic Din Eidyn (Fort of Eidyn) from the time when it was a Gododdin hillfort. After it was besieged by the Bernician Angles the name changed to Edin-burh, which some have argued derives from the Anglo-Saxon for "Edwin's fort", possibly derived from the 7th century Northumbrian king Edwin. However, since the name apparently predates King Edwin, this is highly unlikely. The burgh element means "fortress" or "group of buildings", i.e. a town or city an ...

See also:

Edinburgh, Edinburgh - Origins of Edinburgh, Edinburgh - Other names, Edinburgh - The Centre, Edinburgh - Old Town, Edinburgh - New Town, Edinburgh - Leith, Edinburgh - Viewpoints, Edinburgh - Sports, Edinburgh - Demographics, Edinburgh - Economy, Edinburgh - Politics, Edinburgh - Art galleries, Edinburgh - Arts Venues, Edinburgh - Hospitals, Edinburgh - Museums and libraries, Edinburgh - Other features of interest, Edinburgh - Universities and colleges, Edinburgh - Schools, Edinburgh - Famous residents, Edinburgh - Twinned cities worldwide, Edinburgh - Other places with the same name

Read more here: » Edinburgh: Encyclopedia II - Edinburgh - Origins of Edinburgh

The institution that became Heriot-Watt University began with a conversation between the Edinburgh businessmen Leonard Horner and Robert Bryson about the lack of technical education for the working classes. This led to the opening of the "School of Arts of Edinburgh for the Education of Mechanics in Such Branches of Physical Science as are of Practical Application in their several trades" in October 1821. In 1852 the name of the school was changed to the "Watt Institution and School of Arts", in memory of James Watt. In 1869 women were permitted to attend classes, making Heriot-W ...

See also:

Heriot-Watt University, Heriot-Watt University - History, Heriot-Watt University - Schools, Heriot-Watt University - Famous alumni

Read more here: » Heriot-Watt University: Encyclopedia II - Heriot-Watt University - History

Palahniuk (pronounced PAUL-ah-nik or Pôlənĭk) is the son of Carol and Fred Palahniuk, and grew up living in a mobile home in Burbank, Washington, with his family. His parents later separated and divorced, often leaving him and his three siblings to live with their grandparents at their cattle ranch in eastern Washington.[1] In his twenties, Palahniuk attended the University of Oregon's School of Journalism, graduating in 1986. While attending c ...

See also:

Chuck Palahniuk, Chuck Palahniuk - Biography, Chuck Palahniuk - Writing style, Chuck Palahniuk - Criticism, Chuck Palahniuk - Adaptations, Chuck Palahniuk - Fandom, Chuck Palahniuk - Awards, Chuck Palahniuk - Bibliography, Chuck Palahniuk - Fiction, Chuck Palahniuk - Non-fiction

Read more here: » Chuck Palahniuk: Encyclopedia II - Chuck Palahniuk - Biography

Jim Carroll - Music by Jim Carroll and the Jim Carroll Band. Catholic Boy (1980) Dry Dreams (1982) I Write Your Name (1983) Best of The JC Band (1993) Pools of Mercury (1998) Runaway EP (2000) Jim Carroll - Spoken word/lecture. Rimbaud Lectures (1978) Naropa Institute (1986) Praying Mantis (1991) The Basketball Diaries (1994) Curtis's Charm (1996)

Historically Leith and Edinburgh were separate burghs, but growth over the centuries means that Leith and Edinburgh now form a contiguous urban area. Leith merged with Edinburgh in 1920 following a referendum in which the people of Leith voted five to one against the merger. Leith has a long and prominent role in Scottish history. As the major port access to Edinburgh, Leith has served as the staging point for many of Scottish history's significant events. Mary Queen of Scots's mother - Mary of Guise - ruled Scotland from Leith, as Re ...

See also:

Leith, Leith - History, Leith - The New Face of Leith, Leith - Famous people from Leith, Leith - Notable streets in Leith, Leith - Other points of interest, Leith - External link

Read more here: » Leith: Encyclopedia II - Leith - History

Punk ideology - On The Decline Of Man. The Decline, The Decline, NOFX Punk ideology - On Government. A Commercial, Bedtime for Democracy, Dead Kennedys California Über Alles, Fresh Fruit For Rotting Vegetables, Dead Kennedys Government Flu, Plastic Surgery Disasters, Dead Kennedys I Am The Owl, Plastic Surgery Disasters, Dead Kennedys Idiots are Taking Over, The War on Errorism, NO ...

See also:

Punk ideology, Punk ideology - History, Punk ideology - Politics, Punk ideology - Authoritarianism, Punk ideology - Conformity, Punk ideology - Militarism, Punk ideology - Selling out, Punk ideology - Capitalism, Punk ideology - Religion, Punk ideology - Patriotism, Punk ideology - The Media, Punk ideology - Environmentalism, Punk ideology - Aesthetics, Punk ideology - Music, Punk ideology - Fashion, Punk ideology - Visual arts, Punk ideology - Ethics, Punk ideology - Non-conformity, Punk ideology - Do it yourself, Punk ideology - Direct Action, Punk ideology - Vegetarians veganism and animal rights, Punk ideology - Criticisms of Punk Ideology, Punk ideology - Other Punk ideologies, Punk ideology - List of Punk Ideologies, Punk ideology - Summary, Punk ideology - Links to songs, Punk ideology - On The Decline Of Man, Punk ideology - On Government, Punk ideology - On conformity, Punk ideology - On authoritarianism, Punk ideology - On non-conformity, Punk ideology - On conspiracy theories, Punk ideology - On drug legalization, Punk ideology - On racism and homophobia, Punk ideology - On concerns of totalitarianism, Punk ideology - On vegetarians veganism and animal rights, Punk ideology - On heroes, Punk ideology - On consumerism, Punk ideology - On work, Punk ideology - On militarism, Punk ideology - On society, Punk ideology - On selling out, Punk ideology - On religion, Punk ideology - On the media, Punk ideology - On environmentalism, Punk ideology - On Direct Action, Punk ideology - Books and essays on Punk ideology, Punk ideology - Important people in Punk ideology, Punk ideology - Bibliography, Punk ideology - Current punk community websites.

Read more here: » Punk ideology: Encyclopedia II - Punk ideology - Links to songs

Many writers now strictly avoid apostrophes where they supposedly represent "missing" English letters. Such letters were never actually missing in Scots. For example, in the twelfth century, Barbour spelt the Scots cognate of 'taken' as tane. Since there has been no k in the word for over 700 years, representing its omission with an apostrophe seems pointless. The current spelling is usually taen. The following is more a guide for readers. How the spellings are applied in practice is beyond the scope of such a short description. Phonetics are in IPA. See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Pronunciation

The basic ideas of trangressional fiction are by no means new. In particular, it can be argued that the 19th century French author Émile Zola's works about social conditions and 'bad behaviour' are direct ancestors. Zola's works were extremely controversial at the time. Later French work from the 20th century is also a possible influence. Dostoyevsky's novels Crime and Punishment (1866) and Notes from Underground (1864) also deal with some common themes, as does Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun's Hunger (1890). In the United States, Charle ...

See also:

Transgressional fiction, Transgressional fiction - Literary ancestry, Transgressional fiction - Authors of transgressional fiction, Transgressional fiction - Notable works of transgressional fiction

Read more here: » Transgressional fiction: Encyclopedia II - Transgressional fiction - Literary ancestry

Scottish literature - Earliest Literature from within Scotland. Before the incursions into Britain of the Saxons, the people of northern Britain spoke forms of Celtic languages. Much of the earliest Welsh literature was actually composed in or near the country we now call Scotland, as Brythonic speech (the ancestor of Welsh) was not then confined to Wales and Cornwall. While all modern scholarship indicates that the Picts spoke a Brythonic language (based on surviving placenames, personal names and historical evidence), ...

See also:

Scottish literature, Scottish literature - Earliest Scottish literature, Scottish literature - Earliest Literature from within Scotland, Scottish literature - Medieval Scottish Literature, Scottish literature - Romance Literature, Scottish literature - Late Medieval Anglo-Scottish Literature, Scottish literature - The Seventeeth to early Nineteenth Century, Scottish literature - The nineteenth and early twentieth century, Scottish literature - 1950s to the present

Read more here: » Scottish literature: Encyclopedia II - Scottish literature - Earliest Scottish literature