Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (L.: Ferrum) and atomic number 26. Iron is a group 8 and period 4 metal. Iron is notable for being the final element produced by stellar nucleosynthesis, and thus the heaviest element which does not require a supernova or similarly cataclysmic event for its formation. It is therefore the most abundant heavy metal in the universe. Iron - Notable characteristics. Iron is the most abundant metal on Earth, and is believed to be the tenth most abundant element ...

Including:

• Iron - Notable characteristics
• Iron - Applications
• Iron - History
• Iron - Occurrence
• Iron - Extraction from ore
• Iron - Compounds
• Iron - Biological role
• Iron - Isotopes
• Iron - Precautions

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Including:

• Ironing - History
• Ironing - Modern irons
• Ironing - Manual
• Ironing - Robotic
• Ironing - Usage notes
• Ironing - Safe ironing temperatures
• Ironing - Ergonomy

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Ironing - Manual. Modern irons available for sale to consumers have some or all of the following features (more expensive models have more features, as one would expect): Ejection of steam through the clothing during the ironing process; A water reservoir inside the iron (used for the steam generation); An indicator showing the amount of water left in the reservoir; A thermostat ensuring maintenance of a constant temperature; Convenient method for setting the iron ...

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Ironing, Ironing - History, Ironing - Modern irons, Ironing - Manual, Ironing - Robotic, Ironing - Usage notes, Ironing - Safe ironing temperatures, Ironing - Ergonomy

Read more here: » Ironing: Encyclopedia II - Ironing - Modern irons

The first signs of use of iron come from the Sumerians and the Egyptians, where around 4000 BC, a few items, such as the tips of spears, daggers and ornaments, were being fashioned from iron recovered from meteorites. Because meteorites fall from the sky some linguists have conjectured that the English word iron (OE īsern), which has cognates in many northern and western European languages, derives from the Etruscan a ...

See also:

Iron, Iron - Notable characteristics, Iron - Applications, Iron - History, Iron - Occurrence, Iron - Extraction from ore, Iron - Compounds, Iron - Biological role, Iron - Isotopes, Iron - Precautions

Read more here: » Iron: Encyclopedia II - Iron - History

The first signs of use of iron come from the Sumerians and the Egyptians, where around 4000 BC, a few items, such as the tips of spears, daggers and ornaments, were being fashioned from iron recovered from meteorites. Because meteorites fall from the sky some linguists have conjectured that the English word iron (OE īsern), which has cognates in many northern and western European languages, derives from the Etruscan a ...

See also:

Iron, Iron - Notable characteristics, Iron - Applications, Iron - History, Iron - Occurrence, Iron - Extraction from ore, Iron - Compounds, Iron - Isotopes, Iron - Biological role, Iron - Precautions

Read more here: » Iron: Encyclopedia II - Iron - History

Austenite (γ-iron; hard) Bainite Martensite Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C) Ferrite (α-iron; soft) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) Carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon) Stainless steel (alloy with chromium) Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated) Cast iron (>2.1% carbon) Wrought iron (almost no carbon) Wrought iron is a very pure form of commercial iron, having a very small carbon content. It is tough, malleable, ductil ...

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Iron Shirt is a dog form of Kung fu exercise also known in Wing Chun as Golden Bell, or in Ashida Kim Black Dragon Ninjitsu as Iron Body. Some martial arts like Combat Ki are based on the idea that a correctly trained body can withstand more damage than one that is untrained. Iron Shirt is a series of exercises using many stances, herbs, meditation, and body movements to cause the body's natural energy (Chi or Ki) to reinforce its structural strength. In the Shaolin version of Iron Shirt, the practitioner would do things ...

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Austenite (γ-iron; hard) Bainite Martensite Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C) Ferrite (α-iron; soft) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) Carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon) Stainless steel (alloy with chromium) Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated) Cast iron (>2.1% carbon) Wrought iron (almost no carbon) Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing m ...

Including:

• Cast iron - Grey cast iron
• Cast iron - Other cast iron alloys

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In archaeology, the Iron Age is the stage in the development of any people where the use of iron implements as tools and weapons is prominent. The adoption of this new material coincided with other changes in past societies often including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles. The Iron Age is the last principal period in the three-age system for classifying pre-historic societies and its meaning varies depending on the country or geographical region. This variation even occurs within Europe wh ...

Including:

• Iron Age - The Iron Age
• Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa and India
• Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia
• Iron Age - Near East
• Iron Age - East Asia
• Iron Age - The European Iron Age
• Iron Age - Eastern Europe
• Iron Age - Central Europe
• Iron Age - Mediterranean Europe
• Iron Age - British Isles
• Iron Age - Northern Scandinavia and Finland
• Iron Age - Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia

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Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is a kind of synthetic garnet, with chemical composition Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, or Y3Fe5O12. It is a ferrimagnetic material with Curie temperature 550 K. In YIG, the five iron(III) ions occupy two octahedral and three tetrahedral sites, with the yttrium(III) ions coordinated by eight oxygen ions in an irregular cube. The iron ions in the two coordination sites exhibit different spins, resulting in magnetic behaviour. By substituting specific sites with rare earth elements, for ...

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The Roman historian Tacitus described the Britons as being descended from people who had arrived from the continent (which at that time was dominated by the Celts), comparing the Caledonians in modern-day Scotland to their Germanic neighbours, the Silures of southern Wales to Iberian settlers and the inhabitants of south east Britannia to Gaulish tribes. This migrationist view long informed later views of the origins of the British iron age and indeed the making of the modern nations. Linguistic evidence inferred from the surviving Ce ...

Including:

• British Iron Age - The people of Iron age Great Britain
• British Iron Age - Iron age settlements in Great Britain
• British Iron Age - Iron Age beliefs in Great Britain
• British Iron Age - The economy of Iron age Great Britain
• British Iron Age - The end of Iron age in Great Britain

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Bath Iron Works (BIW) is located on the Kennebec River in Bath, Maine. Since it was founded in 1884, BIW has built private, commercial, and military vessels. Its biggest customer has been the U.S. Navy, for which BIW has built (and often designed) a battleship, frigates, cruisers, and destroyers, including the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer—the most advanced surface warship in the world. BIW was purchased in 1995 by General Dynamics. BIW has since at least the 1970s been the largest private employer in the state of Maine, though that title may ...

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Banded Iron Formations are a distinctive type of rock often found in old sedimentary rocks. The structures consist of repeated thin layers of iron oxides, either magnetite or hematite, with bands of shale and chert. Some of the oldest known rock formations dated around 3,000,000,000 years before present, 3000MA, include banded iron layers, and the banded layers are a common feature in sediments for much of the Earth's early history. Banded iron beds are less common ...

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Metal pans filled with charcoal were used for smoothing fabrics in China in the 1st century BC. From the 17th century, sadirons or sad irons (from an old word meaning solid) began to be used. They were thick slabs of cast iron, delta-shaped and with a handle, heated in a fire. A later design consisted of an iron box which could be filled with hot coals, which had to be periodically aerated by attaching a bellows. This type was on s ...

See also:

Ironing, Ironing - History, Ironing - Modern irons, Ironing - Manual, Ironing - Robotic, Ironing - Usage notes, Ironing - Safe ironing temperatures, Ironing - Ergonomy

Read more here: » Ironing: Encyclopedia II - Ironing - History

Iron working was introduced to Europe around 1000 BC, probably from Asia Minor and slowly spread westwards over the succeeding 500 years. In the Netherlands, a starting date from about 800 BC is generally accepted. The Romans introduced writing and therefore ended the prehistoric Dutch Iron Age around 50 A.D. Iron Age - Eastern Europe. The early 1st millennium BC marks the Iron Age in Eastern Europe. In the steppes north of the Black Sea and Azov Sea and the Caucasus, the Iron Age begins with the Koban and ...

See also:

Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia, Iron Age - Indian Subcontinent, Iron Age - Near East, Iron Age - East Asia, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa, Iron Age - The European Iron Age, Iron Age - Eastern Europe, Iron Age - Central Europe, Iron Age - Mediterranean Europe, Iron Age - British Isles, Iron Age - Northern Scandinavia and Finland, Iron Age - Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia

Read more here: » Iron Age: Encyclopedia II - Iron Age - The European Iron Age

Iron Age - Indian Subcontinent. Recent excavations in Middle Ganga Valley in India done by archaelogist Rakesh Tewari show iron working in India since 1800 BC. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in the state of Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BC - 1200 BC. The Black and Red Ware culture was another early Iron Age archaeological culture of the northern Indian Subcontinent. It is dated to roughly the 12th – 9th centuries BC ...

See also:

Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia, Iron Age - Indian Subcontinent, Iron Age - Near East, Iron Age - East Asia, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa, Iron Age - The European Iron Age, Iron Age - Eastern Europe, Iron Age - Central Europe, Iron Age - Mediterranean Europe, Iron Age - British Isles, Iron Age - Northern Scandinavia and Finland, Iron Age - Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia

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The earliest known production of steel occurred around 1400 BC in North Africa where steel was being produced in carbon furnaces. The Egyptian ruler Tutankhamun died in 1323 BC and was buried with an iron dagger with a golden hilt. Also an Egyptian sword bearing the name of pharaoh Merneptah and a battle axe with an iron blade and gold-decorated bronze haft were both found in the excavation of Ugarit (see Ugarit: History and Steel: History of iron and steelmaking), dating to circa 1400 BC. The Kushite city of Meroe near modern-day Khartoum was an important site of ...

See also:

Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia, Iron Age - Indian Subcontinent, Iron Age - Near East, Iron Age - East Asia, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa, Iron Age - The European Iron Age, Iron Age - Eastern Europe, Iron Age - Central Europe, Iron Age - Mediterranean Europe, Iron Age - British Isles, Iron Age - Northern Scandinavia and Finland, Iron Age - Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia

Read more here: » Iron Age: Encyclopedia II - Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa

Iron Age - Near East. The Iron Age in Asia is believed to have begun with the discovery of iron smelting and smithing techniques in Anatolia or the Caucasus in the late 2nd millennium BC (circa 1300 BC). From here it spread rapidly throughout the Near East as iron weapons replaced bronze weapons by the early 1st millennium BC. The use of iron weapons by the Hittites is believed to have been a major factor in the rapid rise of the Hittite Empire. Because the area in which iron technology first developed was near t ...

See also:

Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Africa and India, Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia, Iron Age - Near East, Iron Age - East Asia, Iron Age - The European Iron Age, Iron Age - Eastern Europe, Iron Age - Central Europe, Iron Age - Mediterranean Europe, Iron Age - British Isles, Iron Age - Northern Scandinavia and Finland, Iron Age - Northern Germany and Southern Scandinavia

Read more here: » Iron Age: Encyclopedia II - Iron Age - The Iron Age in Asia

In 1990 Robert Bly published Iron John: A Book About Men. It analyzed the Iron John story in-depth and used it to examine the nature of the modern man and the male psyche. Among its arguments were that the lack of male mentors (such as Iron John is in the fairy tale) led to adult men who were less than developed mentally and emotionally, and also that few meaningful rites of passage in the modern Western world resulted in no clear division between child and responsible adult. Bly’s book advocated a return of a stronger, more masculine man (in the traditional sense), bu ...

See also:

Iron John, Iron John - Synopsis, Iron John - Analysis, Iron John - The Iron John Movement, Iron John - External link

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Iron Man - Ultimate Iron Man. See also: Ultimate Iron Man for information on the two Ultimate Iron Man miniseries. The Ultimate Marvel Universe version of Iron Man, like his original Marvel Universe counterpart, is plagued by both a drinking problem and a life threatening illness, however in this case the illness is an inoperable brain tumor which will kill him anytime between six months and five years. This is his motivation for his many acts of philanthropy, as well as possibly his motivati ...

See also:

Iron Man, Iron Man - Publication history, Iron Man - Character history, Iron Man - Origins, Iron Man - Changing fortunes, Iron Man - The Crossing and Heroes Reborn, Iron Man - The new millennium, Iron Man - Powers and abilities, Iron Man - Alternate Iron Mans, Iron Man - Ultimate Iron Man, Iron Man - Others, Iron Man - Appearances in other media, Iron Man - Animated series adaptations, Iron Man - Iron Man film, Iron Man - Video game adaptations, Iron Man - Toys, Iron Man - Popular culture, Iron Man - Bibliography, Iron Man - List of Iron Man titles, Iron Man - List of significant stories

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