Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)

Young Ireland was a Irish nationalist revolutionary movement, active in the mid nineteenth century. Young Ireland - History. Young Ireland grew out of the weekly the Nation, a journal calling for the restoration of Irish self govenment by the repeal of the Act of Union, established in 1842 by Charles Gavan Duffy, an experienced young Catholic journalist, and Thomas Davis, a Protestant graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. They followed Daniel O'Connell and his Repeal Association in his demand for repeal, but ...

Including:

• Young Ireland - History
• Young Ireland - 1848 Uprising
• Young Ireland - Reasons for failure

Read more here: » Young Ireland: Encyclopedia - Young Ireland

A famine is a phenomenon in which a large percentage of the population of a region or country are so undernourished that death by starvation becomes increasingly common. In spite of the much greater technological and economic resources of the modern world, famine still strikes many parts of the world, mostly in the developing nations. Famine is associated with naturally-occurring crop failure and pestilence and artificially with war and genocide. In the past few decades, a more nuanced view focused on the economic and political circumstances leading to modern famine has emerged. Modern relief agencies categorize various grad ...

Including:

• Famine - Characteristics of famine
• Famine - Famine today
• Famine - Causes of famine
• Famine - Levels of food insecurity
• Famine - Historical famine by region
• Famine - Famine in Africa
• Famine - Famine in Asia
• Famine - Famine in Europe

Read more here: » Famine: Encyclopedia - Famine

The History of Ireland is the story of a large island in the north-west of Europe and is heavily influenced by the concurrent History of Britain, its larger neighbour to the east. The first humans inhabited Ireland from around 7500 BC and were later responsible for major Neolithic sites such as Newgrange. Following the arrival of St. Patrick and other Christian missionaries in the mid-fifth century, a syncretized form of Christianity subsumed the indigenous pagan religion by A.D. 600. This led to a golden age of monastic Irish writing and ar ...

Including:

• History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400
• History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800
• History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166
• History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland
• History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185
• History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254
• History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360
• History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801
• History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion
• History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws
• History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland
• History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922
• History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence
• History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present
• History of Ireland - Northern Ireland
• History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia - History of Ireland

Calamity may refer to: a disaster the English translation of the title Al-Qaria, the 101st sura of the Qur'an Calamity Jane, a nineteenth century American frontierwoman Calamity Jane (1953 film), based on the person Calamity James, a British comic book character Calamity King, a fictional character from D.C. comics Calamity (board game), released by Games Workshop in 1983 GAT-X131 Calamity Gundam, a fictional weapon

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By the lonely prison wall, I heard a young girl calling, Michael, they have taken you away. For you stole Trevelyan's1 corn, So the young might see the morn, Now the prison ship lies waiting in the bay. Chorus Low lie the fields of Athenry, Where once we watched the small free birds fly. Our love was on the wing, We had dreams and songs to sin ...

See also:

The Fields of Athenry, The Fields of Athenry - The Fields of Athenry, The Fields of Athenry - Footnote

Read more here: » The Fields of Athenry: Encyclopedia II - The Fields of Athenry - The Fields of Athenry

Population density is measured by dividing the number of individuals by the area of the region in which they live. Some observers of human societies believe that the concept of carrying capacity also applies to the human population of the Earth, and that unchecked population growth can result in a "Malthusian catastrophe." Others dispute this view. The graph to the right depicts logistic growth of population. Populate, as a verb, means the process of populating a g ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population density

In 1800, after the Irish Rebellion of 1798, the British and the Irish parliaments (the latter controversially, as massive bribery was involved) enacted the Act of Union, which merged Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a union of England and Scotland, created almost 100 years earlier), to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Part of the deal for the union was that Catholic Emancipation wo ...

See also:

History of Ireland, History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400, History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800, History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166, History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland, History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185, History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254, History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360, History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801, History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion, History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws, History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland, History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922, History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence, History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present, History of Ireland - Northern Ireland, History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922

Irish links with the continent go back many centuries. During the early Middle Ages, many Irish religious went abroad to preach and found monasteries. Saint Brieuc founded the city that bears his name in Brittany, and Saint Colmán founded the great monastery of Bobbio in northern Italy. During the Counter-Reformation, Irish religious and political links with Europe became intensified. Louvain in Belgium became an important centre of learning for Irish priests. The Flight of the Earls led much of the Irish nobility to flee to Spain, F ...

See also:

Irish diaspora, Irish diaspora - Britain, Irish diaspora - Europe, Irish diaspora - United States, Irish diaspora - Canada, Irish diaspora - Latin America, Irish diaspora - Argentina, Irish diaspora - Mexico, Irish diaspora - South Africa, Irish diaspora - Politicians, Irish diaspora - Artists and Musicians, Irish diaspora - Scientists, Irish diaspora - Misc

Read more here: » Irish diaspora: Encyclopedia II - Irish diaspora - Europe

Famine - Famine in Africa. In the mid-22nd century BCE, a sudden and short-lived climactic change that caused reduced rainfall resulted in several decades of drought in Upper Egypt. The resulting famine and civil strife is believed to have been a major cause of the collapse of the Old Kingdom. An account from the First Intermediate Period states, "All of Upper Egypt was dying o ...

See also:

Famine, Famine - Characteristics of famine, Famine - Famine today, Famine - Causes of famine, Famine - Levels of food insecurity, Famine - Historical famine by region, Famine - Famine in Africa, Famine - Famine in Asia, Famine - Famine in Europe

Read more here: » Famine: Encyclopedia II - Famine - Historical famine by region

The world's human population is currently growing by more than 75 million people per year. About half the world lives in nations with sub-replacement fertility, and population growth in those countries is due to immigration. Overpopulation can result from increases in births and survival rates, or from an unsustainable use and depletion of resources. Advances in technology can reduce the threat of overp ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Overpopulation

biological aspects, see introduced species Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion. This has occurred in India and Pakistan, between Turkey and Greece, and in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. Other movements in population are caused by immigration ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population transfer

Population decline is a fall in a region's population. It can be caused by sub-replacement fertility or heavy emigration, or more dramatically disease, famine, or war. Or most often by a combination of the factors. In the past population decline was mostly observed due to disease. In recent years, the population of Russia and seventeen other ex-Communist countries has begun to decline (1995-2005). The Black Death in Europe, the arrival of Old Wo ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population decline

Population control is the practice of curtailing population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. Surviving records from Ancient Greece document the first known examples of population control. These include the colonization movement, which saw Greek outposts being built across the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins to accommodate the excess population of individual states. An important example of mandated population control is China's one-child policy, in which having more than one child is made extremely unattractive. This has led to allegations th ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population control

A best-selling work, The Population Bomb (1968) by Paul R. Ehrlich predicted disaster for humanity due to overpopulation and the "population explosion". The work used a similar argument to Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), that population is subject to exponential growth and will outstrip food supply resulting in famine. However, a key difference was Ehrlich's introduction of the Impact formula: I = PAT (where I=Impact, PAT = Population x Affluence x Technology) Hence, ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population bomb

biological aspects, see introduced species Population transfer is a term referring to a policy by which a state forces the movement of a large group of people out of a region, most frequently on the basis of their ethnicity or religion. This has occured in India and Pakistan, between Turkey and Greece, and in Eastern Europe after the Second World War. Other movements in population are caused by immigration, such as the immigration from Europe to European colonies in the Americas, Africa, Australia and other places. ...

See also:

Population, Population - Population density, Population - Population pyramid, Population - Underpopulation, Population - Overpopulation, Population - Population control, Population - Population decline, Population - Population ageing, Population - Population transfer, Population - Population bomb, Population - World population, Population - Countries by population

Read more here: » Population: Encyclopedia II - Population - Population transfer

What little is known of pre-Christian Ireland comes from a few references in Roman writings, Irish poetry and myth, and archaeology. The earliest inhabitants of Ireland, people of a mid-Stone Age, or Mesolithic, culture, arrived sometime after 8000 BC, when the climate had become more hospitable following the retreat of the polar icecaps. About three or four millennia later, agriculture was introduced from the continent, leading to the establishment of a high Neolithic culture, characterized by the appearance of huge stone monuments, many of ...

See also:

History of Ireland, History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400, History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800, History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166, History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland, History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185, History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254, History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360, History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801, History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion, History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws, History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland, History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922, History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence, History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present, History of Ireland - Northern Ireland, History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400

Main Article Early Modern Ireland 1536-1691 The Reformation, before which, in 1536, Henry VIII broke with Papal authority, fundamentally changed Ireland. While Henry VIII broke English Catholicism from Rome, his son Edward VI of England moved further, breaking with Papal doctrine completely. While the English, the Welsh and, later, the Scots accepted Protestantism, the Irish remained Catholic. This fact determined their relationship with the British state for the next four hundred years, as the Reformation coincided with a dete ...

See also:

History of Ireland, History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400, History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800, History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166, History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland, History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185, History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254, History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360, History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801, History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion, History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws, History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland, History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922, History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence, History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present, History of Ireland - Northern Ireland, History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801

Main article Norman Ireland History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185. By the 12th century, Ireland was divided politically into a shifting hierarchy of petty kingdoms and over-kingdoms. Power was concentrated into the hands of a few regional dynasties contending against each other for control of the whole island. One of their number, the King of Leinster Diarmait Mac Murchada (anglicised as Diarmuid MacMorrough) was forcibly exiled from his kingdom by the new High King, Ruai ...

See also:

History of Ireland, History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400, History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800, History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166, History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland, History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185, History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254, History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360, History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801, History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion, History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws, History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland, History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922, History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence, History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present, History of Ireland - Northern Ireland, History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland

Main article Early Medieval Ireland 800-1166 The first recorded Viking raid in Irish history occurred in 795 when Vikings from Norway looted the island of Lambay, located off the Dublin coast. Early Viking raids were generally small in scale and quick. These early raids interrupted the golden age of Christian Irish culture starting the beginning of two hundred years of intermittent warfare, with waves of Viking raiders plundering monasteries and towns throughout Irelan ...

See also:

History of Ireland, History of Ireland - Early history: 8000 BC–AD 400, History of Ireland - Early Christian Ireland 400–800, History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166, History of Ireland - Later Medieval Ireland, History of Ireland - The Coming of the Normans 1167–1185, History of Ireland - The Lordship of Ireland 1185–1254, History of Ireland - Gaelic Resurgence Norman Decline 1254–1360, History of Ireland - Reformation 1536–1654 and Protestant Ascendancy 1654–1801, History of Ireland - Re-conquest and rebellion, History of Ireland - Civil Wars and Penal Laws, History of Ireland - Colonial Ireland, History of Ireland - Union with Great Britain 1801-1922, History of Ireland - Home Rule Easter 1916 and the War of Independence, History of Ireland - Free State/Republic 1922-present, History of Ireland - Northern Ireland, History of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » History of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - History of Ireland - Early medieval era 800–1166

In the 17th century, Oliver Cromwell sent many Irish rebels into slavery in Caribbean tobacco plantations. Many of the Wild Geese who had gone to Spain continued on to its colonies in South America. In the 1820's they helped liberate the continent. Bernardo O'Higgins was the first president of Chile. Irish diaspora - Argentina. In the late 19th century, about 50,000 Irish immigrants were in Argentina. Distinct Irish communities existed, including Irish schools and a news paper, The Southern Cross, u ...

See also:

Irish diaspora, Irish diaspora - Britain, Irish diaspora - Europe, Irish diaspora - United States, Irish diaspora - Canada, Irish diaspora - Latin America, Irish diaspora - Argentina, Irish diaspora - Mexico, Irish diaspora - South Africa, Irish diaspora - Politicians, Irish diaspora - Artists and Musicians, Irish diaspora - Scientists, Irish diaspora - Misc

Read more here: » Irish diaspora: Encyclopedia II - Irish diaspora - Latin America