The Miramichi River valley, received a significant Irish immigration in the years before the potato famine. These settlers tended to be better off and better educated than the later arrivals, who came out of desperation. Though coming after the Scottish and the French Acadians, they made their way in this new land, intermarrying with the Catholic Highland Scots, and to a lesser extent, with the Acadians. Some, like Martin Cranney, held elective office and became the natural leaders of their augmented Irish community after the arrival of the ...

See also:

Irish Canadian, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Canada, Irish Canadian - Demographics, Irish Canadian - The Irish Benevolent Society, Irish Canadian - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Quebec, Irish Canadian - The Irish in New Brunswick, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Prince Edward Island, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Newfoundland

Read more here: » Irish Canadian: Encyclopedia II - Irish Canadian - The Irish in New Brunswick

See also:

Irish Canadian, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Canada, Irish Canadian - Demographics, Irish Canadian - The Irish Benevolent Society, Irish Canadian - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Quebec, Irish Canadian - The Irish in New Brunswick, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Prince Edward Island, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Newfoundland

Read more here: » Irish Canadian: Encyclopedia II - Irish Canadian - The Irish in Canada

Main article: Irish Quebecers After the disaster at Grosse-Île (see above), many Irish children were left as orphans in a new country. These children were adopted mainly by French speakers in Lower Canada. These children fought for the right to keep their Irish surnames, and were largely successful. Today, many Quebeckers have a name of Irish origin. In fact, the Irish are the second largest ethnic group in the province after the French Canadians and one estimate suggests that as many as 40 percent of the French-speaking Quebe ...

See also:

Irish Canadian, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Canada, Irish Canadian - Demographics, Irish Canadian - The Irish Benevolent Society, Irish Canadian - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Quebec, Irish Canadian - The Irish in New Brunswick, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Prince Edward Island, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Newfoundland

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Irish moss, or carrageen moss (Irish carraigín, "moss of the rock") is a species of red algae (Chondrus crispus) which grows abundantly along the rocky parts of the Atlantic coast of Europe and North America. In its fresh condition the plant is soft and cartilaginous, varying in colour from a greenish-yellow to a dark purple or purplish-brown; but when washed and sun-dried for preservation it has a yellowish translucent horn-like aspect and consistency. The principal constituent of Irish moss is a mucilagi ...

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The mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved, shorn of its religious meanings, in medieval Irish literature, which represents the most extensive and best preserved of all the branches of Celtic mythology. Although many of the manuscripts have failed to survive, and much more material was probably never committed to writing, there is enough remaining to enable the identification of four distinct, if overlapping, cycles: the Mythological Cycle, The Ulster Cycle, th ...

Including:

• Irish mythology - The sources
• Irish mythology - Mythological cycle
• Irish mythology - Other important Tuatha Dé Danann figures
• Irish mythology - Ulster cycle
• Irish mythology - Fenian cycle
• Irish mythology - Historical cycle
• Irish mythology - Other tales
• Irish mythology - Adventures
• Irish mythology - Voyages
• Irish mythology - Folk tales

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Anglo-Irish literally means English-Irish. It is used frequently, though inaccurately, to describe formal contacts, negotiations, and treaties between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (not, as the the term should strictly denote, between the UK constituent country of England and the island of Ireland). Some examples of this usage are the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985, and the Anglo-Irish Summits (as meetings between the Brit ...

Including:

• Anglo-Irish - Anglo-Irish peers
• Anglo-Irish - Protestants with horses

Read more here: » Anglo-Irish: Encyclopedia - Anglo-Irish

Main article: Irish Newfoundlanders Unlike in Ontario, in Newfoundland Irish Catholics settled in the cities (mainly St. John's), while British Protestants settled in small fishing communities. Over time, the Irish Catholics became wealthier than their Protestant neighbours, which gave incentive for Protestant Newfoundlanders to join the Orange Order. In 1903 Sir William Coaker founded the Fisherman's Protective Union (F.P.U.) in an Orange Hall in Herring Neck. Furthermore, during the term of Commission of Government (1934-1949 ...

See also:

Irish Canadian, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Canada, Irish Canadian - Demographics, Irish Canadian - The Irish Benevolent Society, Irish Canadian - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Quebec, Irish Canadian - The Irish in New Brunswick, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Prince Edward Island, Irish Canadian - The Irish in Newfoundland

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Allied Irish Banks plc (AIB),(ISEQ: ALBK), LSE: ALBK, NYSE: AIB, FWB: AIB is a commercial bank based in Ireland not to be mistaken for Anglo Irish Bank. AIB is part of the so called Big Four commercial banks in Ireland. Allied Irish Banks - Services. The bank has one the largest branch networks in Ireland, with only Bank of Ireland fully rivalling it. It offers a full range of personal banking services, including loans, credit cards, and mortgages. It offers life assurance ...

Including:

• Allied Irish Banks - Services
• Allied Irish Banks - Name
• Allied Irish Banks - History
• Allied Irish Banks - External link

Read more here: » Allied Irish Banks: Encyclopedia - Allied Irish Banks

Irish art - Celtic art. Main article: Celtic art In Ireland an unbroken Celtic heritage existed from before and through the Roman period in Britain, which had never reached the island, and thus the 5th to 7th centuries were mainly a continuation of the late Iron Age La Tene traditions, with only some minor Roman influences. In the 7th and 8th centuries Irish art mixed with Germanic traditions through Irish missionary contacts with the Anglo-Saxons, creating what is called the Hiberno-Sa ...

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Irish art, Irish art - Early Irish art, Irish art - Celtic art, Irish art - British art, Irish art - Towards an Irish art, Irish art - The Irish Impressionists, Irish art - The Irish Landscape, Irish art - The Academy, Irish art - Jack Yeats, Irish art - Social Realism, Irish art - The Stainglass movement, Irish art - Modern art, Irish art - Modernism, Irish art - Abstact Expressionism, Irish art - The Northern Artists, Irish art - Politics, Irish art - Public Art, Irish art - Contemporary Art

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Outside the Benevolent Irish Society (BIS), there were two fraternal organizations to which Irish Catholics in Newfoundland belonged. The earliest to be established in Newfoundland was the Irish Mechanics' Society, organized in March 1827. The Mechanics' Society was established as a self-help and educational society by four skilled tradesmen, Patrick Kelly, Edmond Power, Louis Martin, and William Walsh. The Society provided a meeting place and educational opportunities for its members, a sickness insurance scheme, and a program of benefits f ...

See also:

Irish Newfoundlanders, Irish Newfoundlanders - History, Irish Newfoundlanders - Location, Irish Newfoundlanders - Religion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Rebellion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Fraternities, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Catholic Religious Orders, Irish Newfoundlanders - Building a Cathedral, Irish Newfoundlanders - Culture, Irish Newfoundlanders - External link

Read more here: » Irish Newfoundlanders: Encyclopedia II - Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Fraternities

Irish phonology - Consonants. The consonant inventory of Irish is set out – using the International Phonetic Alphabet – in the table below. The distinction between velarized "broad" consonants and palatalized "slender" consonants is phonemic in Irish. /h/ is the only consonant phoneme without a broad/slender distinction; ot ...

See also:

Irish phonology, Irish phonology - The phonemes of Irish, Irish phonology - Consonants, Irish phonology - Vowels, Irish phonology - Vowel-initial words, Irish phonology - Stress in Irish

Read more here: » Irish phonology: Encyclopedia II - Irish phonology - The phonemes of Irish

Irish art - The Irish Impressionists. Henry Jones Thaddeus Roderic O'Conor Irish art - The Irish Landscape. Paul Henry Irish art - The Academy. Sarah Purser John Lavery William Orpen Irish art - Jack Yeats. Jack Yeats Irish art - Social Realism. Sean Keating Irish art - The Stainglass movement. See also:

Irish art, Irish art - Early Irish art, Irish art - Celtic art, Irish art - British art, Irish art - Towards an Irish art, Irish art - The Irish Impressionists, Irish art - The Irish Landscape, Irish art - The Academy, Irish art - Jack Yeats, Irish art - Social Realism, Irish art - The Stainglass movement, Irish art - Modern art, Irish art - Modernism, Irish art - Abstact Expressionism, Irish art - The Northern Artists, Irish art - Politics, Irish art - Public Art, Irish art - Contemporary Art

Read more here: » Irish art: Encyclopedia II - Irish art - Towards an Irish art

An Irish word normally has only one stressed syllable, namely the first one: /ˈkapəl/ capall 'horse' /ˈʃoːltoːrʲ/ seoltóir 'sailor' /ˈʃupədoːrʲ/ siopadóir 'shopkeeper' Certain adverbs and loanwords have stress on a noninitial syllable: /əˈwaː ...

See also:

Irish phonology, Irish phonology - The phonemes of Irish, Irish phonology - Consonants, Irish phonology - Vowels, Irish phonology - Vowel-initial words, Irish phonology - Stress in Irish

Read more here: » Irish phonology: Encyclopedia II - Irish phonology - Stress in Irish

The Irish migrations to Newfoundland, and the associated provisions trade, represent the oldest and most enduring connections between Ireland and North America. As early as 1536, the ship Mighel (Michael) of Kinsale is recorded returning to her home port in County Cork with consignments of Newfoundland fish and cod liver oil. A further hint of what one scholar has termed a diaspora of Irish fishermen dates from 1608, when Patrick Brannock, a Waterford mariner, was reported to sail yearly to Newfoundland. Beginning around 1670, and particularly between 1750 and 1830, Newfoun ...

See also:

Irish Newfoundlanders, Irish Newfoundlanders - History, Irish Newfoundlanders - Location, Irish Newfoundlanders - Religion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Rebellion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Fraternities, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Catholic Religious Orders, Irish Newfoundlanders - Building a Cathedral, Irish Newfoundlanders - Culture, Irish Newfoundlanders - External link

Read more here: » Irish Newfoundlanders: Encyclopedia II - Irish Newfoundlanders - History

In Newfoundland the Irish created a distinctive culture through the 18th century that is still evident. Almost all were Catholic. To Newfoundland the Irish gave the still-familiar family names of southeast Ireland: Walsh, Power, Murphy, Ryan, Whelan, O'Brien, Kelly, Hanlon, Neville, Bambrick, Halley, Dillon, Byrne and FitzGerald. Irish place names are less common, many of the island's more prominent landmarks having already been named by early French and English explorers. Nevertheless, Newfoundland's Ballyhack, Cappahayden, Kilbride, St. Bride's, Port Kirwan, Dunta ...

See also:

Irish Newfoundlanders, Irish Newfoundlanders - History, Irish Newfoundlanders - Location, Irish Newfoundlanders - Religion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Rebellion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Fraternities, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Catholic Religious Orders, Irish Newfoundlanders - Building a Cathedral, Irish Newfoundlanders - Culture, Irish Newfoundlanders - External link

Read more here: » Irish Newfoundlanders: Encyclopedia II - Irish Newfoundlanders - Culture

The vast majority of Irish came from the southeast counties of Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Cork, and Waterford. The only notable pocket of migration outside the southeast was around Dingle, in distant Kerry. No other province in Canada or state in America drew such an overwhelming proportion of their immigrants from so geographically compact an area in Ireland over so prolonged a period of time. Waterford city was the primary port of embarkation. Most migrants came from within a day's journey to the city, or its outport at P ...

See also:

Irish Newfoundlanders, Irish Newfoundlanders - History, Irish Newfoundlanders - Location, Irish Newfoundlanders - Religion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Rebellion, Irish Newfoundlanders - Benevolent Irish Society, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Fraternities, Irish Newfoundlanders - Irish Catholic Religious Orders, Irish Newfoundlanders - Building a Cathedral, Irish Newfoundlanders - Culture, Irish Newfoundlanders - External link

Read more here: » Irish Newfoundlanders: Encyclopedia II - Irish Newfoundlanders - Location

The Irish language is a subject compulsory in schools, and has been since Ireland gained independence. In modern days, the language is derided by most students and more students fail Irish at Leaving Certificate than in any other language. The reasons given are lack of interest and sheer difficulty. There is an apathy among students regarding Irish, particularly as it is seen as a dead language. It is also seen as backward, and, to a certain extent, primitive by schoolchildren. At a time when even the Irish influence on the English language is dying out due to American affectation ...

See also:

Irish language, Irish language - Names of the language, Irish language - In English, Irish language - In Irish, Irish language - Official status, Irish language - The Gaeltacht, Irish language - Dialects, Irish language - Munster dialects, Irish language - Connacht dialects, Irish language - Ulster dialects, Irish language - Other regions, Irish language - Comparisons, Irish language - Shelta, Irish language - Linguistic Structure, Irish language - Syntax, Irish language - Morphology, Irish language - Orthography and pronunciation, Irish language - Mutations, Irish language - History and politics, Irish language - Stages of the Irish language, Irish language - The Irish Language Movement, Irish language - Independent Ireland and the language, Irish language - Northern Ireland, Irish language - The Irish Language Today, Irish language - Irish in Education, Irish language - Notes

Read more here: » Irish language: Encyclopedia II - Irish language - Irish in Education

The number of native Irish-speakers in the Republic of Ireland today is a tiny fraction of what it was at independence. The Official Languages Act of 2003 gave people the right to interact with state bodies in Irish. It is too early to assess how well this is working in practice. Other factors were outward migration of Irish speakers from the Gaeltacht and inward migration of English-speakers. The Planning and Development Act (2000) attempted to address the latter issue, but the response is almost certainly inadequate. Planning controls now ...

See also:

Irish language, Irish language - Names of the language, Irish language - In English, Irish language - In Irish, Irish language - Official status, Irish language - The Gaeltacht, Irish language - Dialects, Irish language - Munster dialects, Irish language - Connacht dialects, Irish language - Ulster dialects, Irish language - Other regions, Irish language - Comparisons, Irish language - Shelta, Irish language - Linguistic Structure, Irish language - Syntax, Irish language - Morphology, Irish language - Orthography and pronunciation, Irish language - Mutations, Irish language - History and politics, Irish language - Stages of the Irish language, Irish language - The Irish Language Movement, Irish language - Independent Ireland and the language, Irish language - Northern Ireland, Irish language - The Irish Language Today, Irish language - Irish in Education, Irish language - Notes

Read more here: » Irish language: Encyclopedia II - Irish language - The Irish Language Today

As can be seen, there has been a tendency for Irish poets to become academics and teachers of poetry. In recent years, and thanks partly to the activities of the Arts Council and of Poetry Ireland, this tendency has widened out to include a network of writers' workshops spread around the country with funding provided to employ writers to facilitate. These bodies also support and fund poetry readings. In addition, most local authorities and many schools, prisons, universities, an ...

See also:

Irish poetry, Irish poetry - Early Irish poetry, Irish poetry - Medieval/Early modern, Irish poetry - Bardic poetry, Irish poetry - Metrical Dindshenchus, Irish poetry - The poems of Fionn, Irish poetry - The Kildare poems, Irish poetry - Spenser and Ireland, Irish poetry - Gaelic poetry in the 17th century, Irish poetry - The 18th century, Irish poetry - Gaelic songs: the end of an order, Irish poetry - Cúirt An Mheán Oíche, Irish poetry - Swift and Goldsmith, Irish poetry - The 19th century, Irish poetry - Irishing English, Irish poetry - Folk songs and poems, Irish poetry - The Celtic revival, Irish poetry - The 20th century, Irish poetry - Yeats and modernism, Irish poetry - The 1916 poets, Irish poetry - After Yeats: Clarke Higgins Colum, Irish poetry - Irish Modernism, Irish poetry - Poetry in De Valera's Ireland, Irish poetry - Poetry in Irish, Irish poetry - The Northern School, Irish poetry - Experiment, Irish poetry - Outsiders, Irish poetry - Women poets, Irish poetry - Irish poetry now

Read more here: » Irish poetry: Encyclopedia II - Irish poetry - Irish poetry now

Irish links with the continent go back many centuries. During the early Middle Ages, many Irish religious went abroad to preach and found monasteries. Saint Brieuc founded the city that bears his name in Brittany, and Saint Colmán founded the great monastery of Bobbio in northern Italy. During the Counter-Reformation, Irish religious and political links with Europe became intensified. Louvain in Belgium became an important centre of learning for Irish priests. The Flight of the Earls led much of the Irish nobility to flee to Spain, F ...

See also:

Irish diaspora, Irish diaspora - Britain, Irish diaspora - Europe, Irish diaspora - United States, Irish diaspora - Canada, Irish diaspora - Latin America, Irish diaspora - Argentina, Irish diaspora - Mexico, Irish diaspora - South Africa, Irish diaspora - Politicians, Irish diaspora - Artists and Musicians, Irish diaspora - Scientists, Irish diaspora - Misc

Read more here: » Irish diaspora: Encyclopedia II - Irish diaspora - Europe