Oliver Cromwell landed in Ireland with his New Model Army on behalf of the English Parliament in 1649. Since the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Ireland had been mainly under the control of the Irish Confederate Catholics, who in 1649, signed an alliance with the English Royalist party, which had been defeated in the English Civil War. Cromwell defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country - bringing to an end the Irish Confederate Wars. He passed a very harsh series of Penal laws against Catholics and confisca ...

Including:

• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links
• Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

After The First English Civil War King Charles I was a prisoner of the Parliamentarians. They tried to negotiate a compromise with him but he stuck steadfastly to his view that he was King by Divine Right and attempted in secret to raise an army to fight against them. When it became obvious to the leaders of the Palimentarians that they could not negotiate a settlement with him and they could not trust him not to raise an army to attack them, they reluctantly came to the conclusion that they would have to kill him. The House of Commons on 13 ...

See also:

Regicide, Regicide - The Regicide of Mary Queen of Scots, Regicide - The Regicide of Charles I of England, Regicide - Other regicides, Regicide - Regicides as murders, Regicide - Regicide in Modern Culture, Regicide - Bibliography

Read more here: » Regicide: Encyclopedia II - Regicide - The Regicide of Charles I of England

On the outbreak of the Civil War Holles, who had been made lieutenant of Bristol, was sent with Bedford to the west against the marquess of Hertford, and took part in the unsuccessful siege of the latter at Sherborne Castle. He was present at Edgehill, where his regiment of Puritans recruited in London was one of the few which stood firm and saved the day for the parliament. On November 13 his men were surprised at Brentford during his absence, and routed after a stout resistance. In December he was proposed for the command of the forces in ...

See also:

Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Early life, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Parliamentary activity and imprisonment, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The drift to Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Commonwealth, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Restoration

Read more here: » Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles: Encyclopedia II - Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Civil War

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,991 km² (769 mi²). 1,989 km² (768 mi²) of it is land and 2 km² (1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.09% water. Sioux County Iowa - Adjacent counties. Lyon County (north) O'Brien County (east) Plymouth County (south) Union County, South Dakota (southwest) ...

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Sioux County Iowa, Sioux County Iowa - Geography, Sioux County Iowa - Adjacent counties, Sioux County Iowa - Demographics, Sioux County Iowa - Politics, Sioux County Iowa - Cities and towns, Sioux County Iowa - External link

Read more here: » Sioux County Iowa: Encyclopedia II - Sioux County Iowa - Geography

By the end of the period known as Confederate Ireland in 1649, the only remaining Parliamentarian outpost in Ireland was in Dublin, under the command of Colonel Michael Jones. A combined Royalist and Confederate force under James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde gathered at Rathmines, south of Dublin, in order to take the city and deprive the Parliamentarians of a port in which they could land. Jones however launched a surprise attack on the Royalists while they were deploying on August 2, putting them to flight. Around 3000 Royalist or Confedera ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland

The Protectorate, which had preceded the Restoration and followed the Commonwealth, might have continued a little longer if Oliver Cromwell's son, Richard Cromwell, who was made Lord Protector on his father's death, had been capable of carrying on his father's policies. Richard Cromwell's main weakness was that he did not have the confidence of the army. After seven months the Army removed him and in May 6, 1659 it reinstalled the Rump Parliament. Charles Fleetwood was appointed a member of the Committee of Safety and of the Council of State ...

See also:

English Restoration, English Restoration - End of the Protectorate, English Restoration - Restoration of Charles II, English Restoration - Opposition to the Restoration, English Restoration - Restoration Britain, English Restoration - The republican new nobility, English Restoration - Notes

Read more here: » English Restoration: Encyclopedia II - English Restoration - End of the Protectorate

The fall of Galway saw the end of organised resistance to the Cromwellian conquest, but fighting continued as small units of Irish troops launched guerrilla attacks on the Parliamentarians. These men were known as "tories" (from the Irish word toraidhe meaning, "pursued man"). They operated from difficult terrain such as the Bog of Allen, the Wicklow Mountains and the drumlin country in the north midlands. and within months, made the countryside extremely dangerous for all except large parties of Parliamentarian troops. Henry Ireton a ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford, Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare, famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare, famine and plague

Under the definition of a regicide in common usage in England, there has been one other such event since 1649: the execution of Louis XVI of France in 1793, after sentence of death by parliament. Under Pope Sixtus V's broader definition of regicide and excluding monarchs killed in battle, other regicides include: 1589 Henry III of France by Jacques Clément 1610 Henry IV of France by François Ravaillac 1792 Gustav III of Sweden by Jacob Johan Anckarström 1828 Shaka King of the Zulus by his hal ...

See also:

Regicide, Regicide - The Regicide of Mary Queen of Scots, Regicide - The Regicide of Charles I of England, Regicide - Other regicides, Regicide - Regicides as murders, Regicide - Regicide in Modern Culture, Regicide - Bibliography

Read more here: » Regicide: Encyclopedia II - Regicide - Other regicides

To these discontents were now added the abuses arising from the king's arbitrary administration. On March 2, 1629, when Sir John Finch, the speaker, refused to put Sir John Eliot's Protestations and was about to adjourn the House by the king's command, Holles with another member thrust him back into the chair and swore "he should sit still till it pleased them to rise." Meanwhile Eliot, on the refusal of the speaker to read the Protestations, had himself thrown them into the fire; the usher of the black rod was knocking at the ...

See also:

Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Early life, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Parliamentary activity and imprisonment, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The drift to Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Commonwealth, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Restoration

Read more here: » Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles: Encyclopedia II - Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Parliamentary activity and imprisonment

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 31,589 people, 10,693 households, and 8,062 families residing in the county. The population density is 16/km² (41/mi²). There are 11,260 housing units at an average density of 6/km² (15/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 97.33% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.20% from other races, and 0.53% from two or more races. 2.56% of ...

See also:

Sioux County Iowa, Sioux County Iowa - Geography, Sioux County Iowa - Adjacent counties, Sioux County Iowa - Demographics, Sioux County Iowa - Politics, Sioux County Iowa - Cities and towns, Sioux County Iowa - External link

Read more here: » Sioux County Iowa: Encyclopedia II - Sioux County Iowa - Demographics

Being still banished from London he retired to the country, paying his fine in 1637 or 1638. The fine was repaid by the parliament in July 1644, and the judgment was revised on a writ of error in 1668. In 1638 we find him, notwithstanding his recent experiences, one of the chief leaders in his county of the resistance to ship money, though it would appear that he subsequently made submission. Holles was a member of the Short and Long Parliaments assembled in 1640. According to Laid he was now "one of the great leading men in the House of Commons," and in Clarendon's opinion he was "a man ...

See also:

Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Early life, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Parliamentary activity and imprisonment, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The drift to Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - Civil War, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Commonwealth, Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The Restoration

Read more here: » Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles: Encyclopedia II - Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles - The drift to Civil War

Regicide has particular resonance within the concept of the Divine Right of Kings, whereby monarchs were presumed by decision of God to have a divinely anointed authority to rule. As such, an attack on a king by one of his own subjects was taken to amount a direct challenge to the monarch, to his Divine Right to Rule, and thus to God's will. Even after the disappearance of the Divine Right of Kings and the appearance of constitutional monarchies, the term continued and conti ...

See also:

Regicide, Regicide - The Regicide of Mary Queen of Scots, Regicide - The Regicide of Charles I of England, Regicide - Other regicides, Regicide - Regicides as murders, Regicide - Regicide in Modern Culture, Regicide - Bibliography

Read more here: » Regicide: Encyclopedia II - Regicide - Regicides as murders

In general, however, Charles gained a reputation as an easy-going, fun-loving king, and represented a complete contrast to the restrictive rule of Cromwell. He enjoyed horse-racing and was a great patron of the arts and sciences. Theatres reopened after having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver Cromwell, Puritanism lost its momentum, and the bawdy 'Restoration comedy' became a recognisable genre. ...

See also:

English Restoration, English Restoration - End of the Protectorate, English Restoration - Restoration of Charles II, English Restoration - Opposition to the Restoration, English Restoration - Restoration Britain, English Restoration - The republican new nobility, English Restoration - Notes

Read more here: » English Restoration: Encyclopedia II - English Restoration - Restoration Britain

Ormonde was discredited by the constant stream of defeats for the Irish and Royalist forces and no longer had the confidence of the men he commanded, particularly the Irish Confederates. He fled for France in December 1650 and was replaced by an Irish nobleman Ulick Burke of Clanricarde as commander. The Irish and Royalist forces were penned into the area west of the river Shannon and placed their last hope on defending the strongly walled cities of Limerick and Galway on Ireland's west coast. These cities had built extensive modern defences ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway

The following Spring, Cromwell mopped up the remaining walled towns in Ireland’s south east – notably the Confederate Capital of Kilkenny, which surrendered on terms. The New Model Army met its only serious reverse in Ireland at the siege of Clonmel, where its attacks on the towns walls were repulsed at a heavy cost. The town nevertheless surrendered the following day. Cromwell's behaviour at Kilkenny at Clonmel contrasted sharply with his conduct at Drogheda and Wexford. Despite the fact that his troops had suffered heavy casualties att ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster

Upon landing, Oliver Cromwell proceeded to take the other port cities on Ireland’s east coast, in order to secure an efficient supply of reinforcements and logistics from England. The first town to fall was Drogheda, about 50km north of Dublin. Drogheda was garrisoned by a regiment of 3000 English Royalist soldiers, commanded by Arthur Aston. When Cromwell’s men took the town by storm, the entire garrison and some civilians were massacred on Cromwell’s orders. Arthur Aston was famously beaten to death by the Roundheads with his own woo ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda

The fall of Galway saw the end of organised resistance to the Cromwellian conquest, but fighting continued as small units of Irish troops launched guerrilla attacks on the Parliamentarians. These men were known as "tories" (from the Irish word toraidhe meaning, "pursued man"). They operated from difficult terrain such as the Bog of Allen, the Wicklow Mountains and the drumlin country in the north midlands. and within months, made the countryside extremely dangerous for all except large parties of Parliamentarian troops. Henry Ireton a ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague

See Also: Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 and Act of Settlement 1662 Cromwell imposed an extremely harsh settlement on the Irish Catholic population. This was because of his deep religious antipathy to the Catholic religion and to punish Irish Catholics for the rebellion of 1641, in particular the massacres of Protestant settlers in Ulster. Anyone implicated in the rebellion of 1641 was executed. Those who participated in Confederate Ireland had all their land confiscated and thousands were transported to t ...

See also:

Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Battle of Rathmines and Cromwell’s landing in Ireland, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Siege of Drogheda, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Wexford Waterford and Duncannon, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Clonmel and the conquest of Munster, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Scarrifholis and the destruction of the Ulster Army, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Sieges of Limerick and Galway, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Guerrilla warfare famine and plague, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Long term results, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Notes, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - External links, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - Main Sources

Read more here: » Cromwellian conquest of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Cromwellian conquest of Ireland - The Cromwellian Settlement

Reprisals against the establishment which had developed during the interregnum were constrained under the terms of the Indemnity and Oblivion Act which became law on 29 August 1660. Nonetheless there were prosecutions against those accused of regicide, the direct participation in the trial and execution of King Charles I. Thirty one of the fifty nine Commissioners who had signed the death warrant were living. Pardons were offered to those who came over to the monarchy. Those who did not were tried. Nine were found guilty and suffered the fat ...

See also:

English Restoration, English Restoration - End of the Protectorate, English Restoration - Restoration of Charles II, English Restoration - Opposition to the Restoration, English Restoration - Restoration Britain, English Restoration - The republican new nobility, English Restoration - Notes

Read more here: » English Restoration: Encyclopedia II - English Restoration - Opposition to the Restoration

On April 4, 1660 in the Declaration of Breda Charles II made known the conditions of his acceptance of the crown of England. Monck organised the Convention Parliament, which met for the first time on April 25. On May 8 it proclaimed that King Charles II had been the lawful monarch since the execution of Charles I in January 1649[1]. Charles returned from exile on May 23[ ...

See also:

English Restoration, English Restoration - End of the Protectorate, English Restoration - Restoration of Charles II, English Restoration - Opposition to the Restoration, English Restoration - Restoration Britain, English Restoration - The republican new nobility, English Restoration - Notes

Read more here: » English Restoration: Encyclopedia II - English Restoration - Restoration of Charles II