Written history in Iran begins with the Proto-Elamites around 3000BC, and continues with the arrival of The Aryans and the establishment of the Median dynasty, followed by the Achaemenids, who built the world's first global empire, under Cyrus the Great in 546BC. The name Persia is derived from Persis, the ancient Greek name for the empire, although Eratosthenes also mentions the name "Iran". Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 331 BC, soon only to be succeeded by the Parthian and Sassanid dynasties, who followed the Achaemenids a ...

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Iran, Iran - Name, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references

Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - History

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Iran, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - The Supreme Leader Rahbar, Iran - The President Ra'is-e Jomhoor, Iran - The Parliament Majles, Iran - The Assembly of Experts, Iran - The Council of Guardians, Iran - The Expediency Council, Iran - The Judiciary, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references

Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - History

The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935. The name was used in the West due to the ancient Greek name for Iran, Persis. Persia is used to describe the nation of Iran, its people, or its ancient empire. The Persians call their country Iran / Iranshahr since Sassanian period. The name Persia comes from a region in the south of Iran, called Fars or Pars in the Persian language. Persis is the Hellenized form of Pars, based on which other European nation ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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"Astara is an area where Zoroaster(zartosht)may have visited and there were Its history dates back to 6000 years ago.The spoken language was talyshi but due to commerce with Azeri Turks and migration of Azeris into town the use of Taleshi reduced significantly." There is also a city with this name just on apposite side of the border, inside the Azerbaijan Republic territory. The Northern Astara (azerbaijani Astara) was ceded from Persia by the Gulistan T ...

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Astara, Iran, Astara, Iran - Etymology:, Astara, Iran - History, Astara, Iran - People

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"Astara is an area where Zoroaster(zartosht)may have visited and there were Its history dates back to 6000 years ago.The spoken language was talyshi but due to commerce with Azeri Turks and migration of Azeris into town the use of Taleshi reduced significantly." There is also a city with this name just on apposite side of the border, inside the Azerbaijan Republic territory. The Northern Astara (azerbaijani Astara) was ceded from Persia by the Gulistan Tr ...

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Astara Iran, Astara Iran - Etymology:, Astara Iran - History, Astara Iran - People

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Its consist of an intermediate era of nearly 150 years between the dissoloution of Sassanid dynasty of Persia and establishment of first native dynasty of Persia after Islam in which Iran was ruled by Caliphates of Umayyads and continued with Abbassids. History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam. Following the defeat of Sassanids and reign of Caliphates of Umayyads and Abbassids, Iranians sought to regain their lost independence, beginning with semiautonomous Tahirid dynasty, Persians fought consistentl ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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After many months of popular protests against the rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was forced to flee the nation on January 16, 1979. After a period of internal competition over the future of Iran, the contest was eventually won by the alliance led by the Ayatollah Khomeini who supported making Iran a theocratic state. On February 1, 1979, Khomeini returned from France (after 15 years in exile in France, Turkey, and Iraq) overthrowing the shah's government on February 11 and becoming Iran's Supreme Leader. The new government wa ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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Christianity in Iran has had a long history. It has always been a minority religion, overshadowed by the majority state religions - Zoroastrianism in the past, and Shia Islam today. Christians of Iran have played a significant part in the history of Christian mission. Christians in Iran - Main denominations. A number of Christian denominations are represented in Iran. Many members of the larger, older churches belong to ethnic groups with their own distinctive culture and language. The members of the newer, ...

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Christians in Iran - Main denominations Christians in Iran - History Christians in Iran - Current situation Christians in Iran - The Bible in Iranian languages Christians in Iran - Further Literature

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Pre-revolutionary Iran's economic development was rapid. Traditionally an agricultural society, by the 1970s, Iran had achieved significant industrialization and economic modernization. However, the pace of growth had slowed dramatically by 1978, just before the Islamic revolution. Since the revolution, growth has been rather slow. Iran's current difficulties can be traced to a combination of factors. Economic activity, severely disrupted by the revolution, was further depressed by the war with Iraq and by the decline of oil prices be ...

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Economy of Iran, Economy of Iran - History, Economy of Iran - Sectors of the Economy, Economy of Iran - Oil sector, Economy of Iran - Agriculture, Economy of Iran - Other sectors, Economy of Iran - Current status, Economy of Iran - Foreign trade and economic relations, Economy of Iran - Iran and the World Trade Organization, Economy of Iran - Other statistics, Economy of Iran - Banks of Iran, Economy of Iran - Major banks, Economy of Iran - Relevant links, Economy of Iran - Official, Economy of Iran - Semi-official

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The Arabs of Khuzestan are the Arabic-speaking or Arab-descended inhabitants of what is now the Iranian province of Khuzestan. Before the 1908 discovery of oil in Khuzestan (See History of Khuzestan), most of the province's inhabitants were settled or semi-nomadic Arabs. The growth of the oil industry, and later Iranian government policies designed to "Persianize" the area, tipped the demographic balance. There was much immigration into the ...

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Arabs of Khuzestan - History
Arabs of Khuzestan - Arabization Arabs of Khuzestan - Forced Persianization under the Pahlavis Arabs of Khuzestan - The Iran-Iraq war
Arabs of Khuzestan - Contemporary status of the Arabs of Khuzestan

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During World War I the country was occupied by British and Russian forces but was essentially neutral. In 1919, Britain attempted to establish a protectorate in Iran, aided by the Soviet Union's withdrawal in 1921. In that year a military coup established Reza Khan, a Persian officer of the Persian Cossack Brigade, as dictator and then hereditary Shah of the new Pahlavi dynasty (1925). Reza Shah Pahlavi ruled for almost 16 years, at the beginning mostly secretly aided by the British, installed the new Pahlavi dynasty, thwarted the British attempt at cont ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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Supported by Mujaheddin-e-Khalq, militant Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979 and held it until January 20, 1981 (see Iran hostage crisis). The Carter administration severed diplomatic relations and imposed economic sanctions on April 7, 1980 and later that month attempted a rescue. A commando mission was aborted on April 25 after mechanical problems grounded rescue helicopters and eight American troops were killed in a mid-air collision. On May 24 the International Court of Justice called for the hostages' release. Finally Ronald Reagan ended the crisis on the day of his ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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Arnaud de Borchgrave wrote: Several U.S. administrations, beginning in 1953 with a CIA-engineered coup to oust Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh and bring back Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi from a brief exile in Rome, to the U.S. betrayal of the shah in 1978, interfered directly in the country's internal affairs. [2] Initially there were hopes that post-occupation Iran could become a constitutional monarchy. The new, young Shah Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi initially took a very hands-off role in government, and allowed ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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Persia's next ruling dynasties descended from Central Asian Turkic-speaking warriors who had been moving out of Central Asia into Transoxiana for more than a millennium. The Abbasid caliphs began enlisting these people as slave warriors as early as the ninth century. Shortly thereafter the real power of the Abbasid caliphs began to wane; eventually they became religious figureheads while the warrior slaves ruled. As the power of the Abbasid caliphs diminished, a series of independent and indigenous dynasties rose in various parts of Persia, ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

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Football was a unknown sport in Iran until British workers introduced the game in the 1930's. At that time they were working at major oil refineries in the province of Khuzestan. The British played among themselves at first, as 22 men in shorts chasing after a plastic ball seemed to be more of a joke than a game to Iranians. The skepticism was short-lived and eventually the Iranian workers started playing as well, and in a small amount of time, football became extremely popular in Khuzestan. Clubs were established, an ...

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Football in Iran, Football in Iran - History of football in Iran, Football in Iran - Football Structure

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There are various opinions about the date and reasons for the foundation of the citadel. Some people believe that Bam city was founded during the empire of Parts, a very powerful Persian empire, and flourished in the 10th century. Economically and commercially, Bam occupied a very important place in the region and the majority of its textiles and clothes enjoyed great fame. Ibne-Haugal (943-977), the Arab traveller and geographer, wrote of Bam in his book Surat-ul-`ard (The Earth-figure): Over there they weave e ...

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Bam Iran, Bam Iran - History, Bam Iran - Etymology of the word Bam, Bam Iran - 2003 earthquake

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Persia underwent a revival under the Safavid dynasty (1502-1736), the most prominent figure of which was Shah Abbas I. The conqueror Nadir Shah and his successors were followed by the Zand dynasty, founded by Karim Khan, and later the Qajar (1795-1925) and the Pahlavi dynasties (1925-1979). By the 17th century, European countries, including Portugal, Great Britain, Imperial Russia, and France, had already started establishing colonial footholds in the region. Iran as a result lost sovereignty over many of its provinces to these coun ...

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History of Iran, History of Iran - Ancient history, History of Iran - Islamic Conquest, History of Iran - Iran after arrival of Islam, History of Iran - The Middle Ages, History of Iran - Before the First World War, History of Iran - World Wars, History of Iran - United States and the Shah, History of Iran - Islamic Revolution, History of Iran - The Islamic Republic, History of Iran - History related articles on Iran

Read more here: » History of Iran: Encyclopedia II - History of Iran - Before the First World War

Iran Air was established on February 24, 1962, after Iranian Airways and Persian Air Services joined together under the name of Iran National Airlines Corporation, known as Iran Air. Iranian Airways had been the first Iranian flag carrier and was formed in 1946. Iran Air soon built a large route structure and a dense domestic network. The first planes used by the company were the Avro York, Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6 and Vickers Viscount. The carrier b ...

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Iran Air, Iran Air - History, Iran Air - Incidents and Accidents, Iran Air - Services, Iran Air - Fleet

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The ancient Elamite name for this city was written Tiraziš. This was according to Elamite clay tablets found in Persepolis. Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through regular sound change comes the modern Persian name Shirāz. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, a Sassanid ruin, east of the city. The Zand Citadel is another remnant of the Zand era in downtown Shiraz. Scene ...

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Shiraz Iran, Shiraz Iran - Geography, Shiraz Iran - Attractions of Shiraz, Shiraz Iran - History of Shiraz, Shiraz Iran - Shiraz in poetry, Shiraz Iran - Baba Taher, Shiraz Iran - Hafez The Nightingale of Shiraz, Shiraz Iran - Universities of Shirāz, Shiraz Iran - Notable people, Shiraz Iran - Transportation, Shiraz Iran - Airports, Shiraz Iran - Useful references about Shiraz

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Tudeh Party of Iran - Birth of the Communist movement in Iran. The history of the communist movement in Iran dates back to the late 19th century, when Marxism first became introduced to the nation's intellectual and working classes as a result of the rapid growth of industry and the subsequent transformation of the country from feudalism into capitalism. Being close to Russia and Azerbaijan, northern Iran became the primary center of underground Marxist and social democrat political activity, and m ...

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Tudeh Party of Iran, Tudeh Party of Iran - History, Tudeh Party of Iran - Birth of the Communist movement in Iran, Tudeh Party of Iran - Foundation of the Tudeh Party, Tudeh Party of Iran - The Iranian Revolution, Tudeh Party of Iran - Legal status, Tudeh Party of Iran - External link

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