ISDB is maintained by ARIB. The standards can be obtained for free at the DiBEG website and at ARIB. The core standards of ISDB are ISDB-S (satellite television), ISDB-T(terrestrial), ISDB-C (cable) and 2.6GHz band mobile broadcasting which are all based on MPEG-2 video and audio coding as well as the transport stream described by the MPEG-2 standard, and are capable of high definition tel ...

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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Introduction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Video and audio compression, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Transmission, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interaction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interfaces and Encryption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Receiver, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Problems, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Copy Protection Technology, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - B-CAS Card, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Services, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-S, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-T, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Feature, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Adoption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - 2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-Tsb, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-C, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems

Read more here: » Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting: Encyclopedia II - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Introduction

There are two types of ISDB receiver: TV and STB (Set top box). The aspect ratio of ISDB television is 16:9; televisions fulfilling these specs are called Hi-vision TVs. There are three tv types: CRT (Cathode ray tube), PDP (Plasma display panel) and LCD (Liquid crystal display), with LCD being most popular Hi-Vision format on the Japanese market right now. LCD share as measured by JEITA in November 2004 was about 60 %. While PDP set occupies the high end market with units that are over 50 inches (1270 mm), PDP and CRT set sha ...

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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Introduction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Video and audio compression, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Transmission, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interaction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interfaces and Encryption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Receiver, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Problems, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Copy Protection Technology, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - B-CAS Card, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Services, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-S, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-T, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Feature, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Adoption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - 2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-Tsb, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-C, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems

Read more here: » Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting: Encyclopedia II - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Receiver

Though ISDB is an feature-rich system, many problems have surfaced recently. Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Copy Protection Technology. Almost every TV broadcast (including free TV) are encrypted with "Copy-Once", which allows users to record to a digital media (D-VHS, DVD, HDD, etc) but does not allow dubbing to another digital media. On the other hand, the "Copy-Once" technology does not prohibit all types of dubbing. It is possible to dub to an analog media (such as standard VHS) and if recorded to an HDD, ...

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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Introduction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Video and audio compression, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Transmission, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interaction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interfaces and Encryption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Receiver, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Problems, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Copy Protection Technology, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - B-CAS Card, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Services, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-S, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-T, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Feature, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Adoption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - 2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-Tsb, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-C, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems

Read more here: » Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting: Encyclopedia II - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Problems

Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History. Japan started digital broadcasting using the DVB-S standard by PerfecTV in October/1996 and DirecTV in December/1997 with communication satellites. Still, the DVB-S did not satisfy the requirements of Japanese broadcasters, among others NHK, key commercial broadcasting stations like Nippon Television, TBS, Fuji Television, tv asahi, TV Tokyo, and WOWOW (Movie-only Pay-TV broadcasting). Consequently, ARIB developed the ISDB-S standards. The requirements were, amo ...

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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Introduction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Video and audio compression, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Transmission, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interaction, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Interfaces and Encryption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Receiver, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Problems, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Copy Protection Technology, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - B-CAS Card, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Services, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-S, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-T, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - History, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Feature, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Adoption, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Technical specification, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Channel, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - 2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-Tsb, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-C, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Standards, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems

Read more here: » Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting: Encyclopedia II - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - ISDB-S

Visible light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between the frequencies of 380 THz (3.8×1014 hertz) and 750 THz (7.5×1014 hertz). The speed (c), frequency (f or ν), and wavelength (λ) of a wave obey the relation: Because the speed of light in a vacuum is fixed, visible light can als ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation

The RCX relies on sensors to interpret its environment. The Lego Mindstorms line has 4 different sensors - Touch Sensor - A small sensor that reacts to touch Light Sensor - A sensor which reacts to changes in light intensity Rotation Sensor - A sensor which measures rotations or angles Temperature Sensor - A sensor that can measure temperatures There are also a number of non-Lego sensors ...

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Lego Mindstorms, Lego Mindstorms - The RCX programmable brick, Lego Mindstorms - Sensors, Lego Mindstorms - Available programming languages, Lego Mindstorms - Mindstorms SDK, Lego Mindstorms - Future: MindStorms NXT due August 2006, Lego Mindstorms - NXT Brick, Lego Mindstorms - Parts

Read more here: » Lego Mindstorms: Encyclopedia II - Lego Mindstorms - Sensors

The different wavelengths are detected by the human eye and then interpreted by the brain as colors, ranging from red at the longest wavelengths of about 700 nm. (lowest frequencies) to violet at the shortest wavelengths of about 400 nm. (highest frequencies). The intervening frequencies are seen as orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and, conventionally, indigo. The wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately outside the range that the human eye is able to perceive are called ultraviolet (UV) at ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Color and wavelengths

Various other kinds of information are sent over the Teletext protocol. For instance, Programme Delivery Control signals—used by video recorders for starting/stopping recording at the correct time even during changes in programming—are sent as teletext packets. A similar, but different, standard Video Programming System is also used for this purpose. Teletext pages may contain special packages allowing VCR's to interpret their contents. This is used in relation to the Video Programming by Teletext (also known as startext) system which allows users to program their videos for recording by simply selectin ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - Other Teletext-related services

Teletext - Development of Teletext. In about 1970 the BBC had a brainstorming session in which it was decided to start researching ways to send closed captioning information to audience. As the Teledata research continued they became increasingly interested in using the same system for delivering any sort of information, not just closed captioning. Displaying subtitles requires limited bandwidth, at a rate of perhaps a few words per second. However, by combining even a slow data rate with a suitable memory, pages of information could be ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - History—1970s

Teletext - North America. Teletext was first demonstrated in the USA in 1978 by American television network CBS, which decided to try both the British Ceefax and French Antiope software for preliminary tryouts for a teletext service using station KMOX (now KMOV) in St. Louis, Missouri as a testing ground. CBS decided on Antiope, and the service premiered on station KNXT (now KCBS) in Los Angeles. Also in 1978, station KSL in Salt Lake City, Utah, als ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - History—1980s

All light propagates at a finite speed. Even moving observers always measure the same value of c, the speed of light in vacuum, as c = 299,792,458 metres per second (186,282.397 miles per second). When light passes through a transparent substance, such as air, water or glass, its speed is reduced, and it undergoes refraction. The reduction of the speed of light in a denser material can be indicated by the refractive index, n, which is defined a ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Refraction

The following quantities and units are used to measure the quantity or "brightness" of light. edit edit Sometimes confusingly called "intensity". Sometimes confusingly called "intensity". Sometimes confusingly called "intensity". watt per steradian per squ ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Measurement of light

The spacecraft has the shape of an octagonal prism, approximately 1.7 m on a side, with four fixed gallium arsenide solar panels in a windmill arrangement, a fixed 1.5 m X-band high-gain radio antenna with a magnetometer mounted on the antenna feed, and an X-ray solar monitor on one end (the forward deck), with the other instruments fixed on the opposite end (the aft deck). Most electronics are mounted on the inside of th ...

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NEAR Shoemaker, NEAR Shoemaker - Mission profile, NEAR Shoemaker - Summary, NEAR Shoemaker - The journey to Eros, NEAR Shoemaker - Failure of first attempt at orbital insertion, NEAR Shoemaker - Orbital insertion, NEAR Shoemaker - Orbits and landing, NEAR Shoemaker - Spacecraft and subsystems, NEAR Shoemaker - Reference

Read more here: » NEAR Shoemaker: Encyclopedia II - NEAR Shoemaker - Spacecraft and subsystems

Although some people speak of the "velocity of light", the word velocity should be reserved for vector quantities, that is, those with both magnitude and direction. The speed of light is a scalar quantity, having only magnitude and no direction, and therefore speed is the correct term. The speed of light has been measured many times, by many physicists. The best early measurement is Ole Rømer's (a Danish physicist), in 1676. By observing the motions of Jupiter and one of its moons, Io, with a telescope, and noting discr ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Speed of light

Lego supplied (both of them graphical): RCX Code (included in the Mindstorms consumer version sold at toystores) ROBOLAB (based on LabVIEW and developed at Tufts University) Third-party (all of them textual): Java under leJOS NQC ("Not Quite C") C and C++[3] under BrickOS (formerly LegOS) pbFORTH (extensions to the Forth programming language) Visual Basic^{See also:}

Lego Mindstorms, Lego Mindstorms - The RCX programmable brick, Lego Mindstorms - Sensors, Lego Mindstorms - Available programming languages, Lego Mindstorms - Mindstorms SDK, Lego Mindstorms - Future: MindStorms NXT due August 2006, Lego Mindstorms - NXT Brick, Lego Mindstorms - Parts

Read more here: » Lego Mindstorms: Encyclopedia II - Lego Mindstorms - Available programming languages

Standard Electronic Programme Guides, like NexTView, are based on teletext, using a compact binary format instead of preformatted text pages. ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Because teletext looks a bit outdated with its 80s-style graphics, a new standard found its way to the European market around 2000: Level 2.5 or HiText. With Level 2.5 it's possible to set a background colour and have higher resolution text and images. However, very few television stations transmit their teletext in this new standard. One of the problems with Level 2.5 is that it often takes several transmission cycles before the higher resolution items show on the screen. In order to watch Level 2.5 teletext, a rather recent televisi ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext

There are many sources of light. The most common light sources are thermal: a body at a given temperature emits a characteristic spectrum of black body radiation. Examples include sunlight (the radiation emitted by the chromosphere of the Sun at around 6,000 K peaks in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum), incandescent light bulbs (which emit only around 10% of their energy as visible light and the remainder as infrared), and glowing solid particles in flames. The peak of the blackbody spectrum is in the infrared for rela ...

See also:

Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Light sources

In the case of the Ceefax and Oracle systems and their successors in the UK, the teletext signal is transmitted as part of the ordinary analogue TV signal but concealed from view at the end of lines that are not visible on the screen. The teletext signal is digitally coded as 45-byte packets at the end of lines 6–22 and 318–335. The resulting data rate is about 600 bit/s. A teletext page comprises one or more frames, each containing a screen-full of text. The pages are sent out one after the other in a continual loop. When ...

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Teletext, Teletext - History—1970s, Teletext - Development of Teletext, Teletext - Introduction of Teletext, Teletext - History—1980s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Germany, Teletext - History—1990s, Teletext - North America, Teletext - Europe, Teletext - Description, Teletext - Interactive teletext, Teletext - Other Teletext-related services, Teletext - Level 2.5 teletext, Teletext - Digital Teletext, Teletext - Electronic Programme Guides based on teletext

Read more here: » Teletext: Encyclopedia II - Teletext - Description

In the past, some calculators were as large as today's computers. The first mechanical calculators were mechanical desktop devices, which were soon replaced by electromechanical desktop calculators, and then by electronic devices using first thermionic valves, then transistors, then hard-wired integrated circuit logic. Today, most calculators are handheld microelectronic devices. Calculator - A basic calculator. The complexity of calculators varies with the intended purpose. A simple modern calculator, sui ...

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Calculator, Calculator - Overview, Calculator - Electronic calculators, Calculator - A basic calculator, Calculator - Advanced electronic calculators, Calculator - Use in education, Calculator - Other concerns on useage, Calculator - Calculators vs. computing, Calculator - History, Calculator - Origin: The Abacus, Calculator - The 17th century, Calculator - 1930s to 1960s, Calculator - 1970s to mid-1980s, Calculator - Mid-1980s to present, Calculator - Trivia, Calculator - Patents

Read more here: » Calculator: Encyclopedia II - Calculator - Electronic calculators

Practical power plants built using ICF are now a serious area of study, known as inertial fusion energy, or IFE. IFE plants would deliver a continuous stream of targets to the reaction chamber, several a second typically, and capture the resulting heat to drive a conventional steam turbine. ICF systems face some of the same problems as magnetic systems in generating useful power from their reactions. One of the primary concerns is how to successfully remove heat from the reaction chamber without interfering with the targ ...

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Inertial confinement fusion, Inertial confinement fusion - Basic fusion, Inertial confinement fusion - ICF design, Inertial confinement fusion - Issues with the successful achievement of ICF, Inertial confinement fusion - Brief history, Inertial confinement fusion - Inertial Fusion Energy

Read more here: » Inertial confinement fusion: Encyclopedia II - Inertial confinement fusion - Inertial Fusion Energy

ICF experiments started in earnest in the mid-1970s, when lasers of the required power were first designed. This was long after the successful design of magnetic confinement fusion systems, and even the particularly successful tokamak design that was introduced in the early 1970s. Nevertheless, high funding during the energy crisis made for rapid gains in performance, and inertial designs were soon reaching the same sort ...

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Inertial confinement fusion, Inertial confinement fusion - Basic fusion, Inertial confinement fusion - ICF design, Inertial confinement fusion - Issues with the successful achievement of ICF, Inertial confinement fusion - Brief history, Inertial confinement fusion - Inertial Fusion Energy

Read more here: » Inertial confinement fusion: Encyclopedia II - Inertial confinement fusion - Brief history