Hearing of the Greek's approach, the Persians in Samos decide to face them on land. They sailed to the nearly peninsula of Mycale just to the east of the city, and formed a wall out of a number of their ships, dragging the rest onto the beach. When the Greek fleet arrived and found Samos empty, they started a pursuit thinking the Persians were running from battle. The Greeks soon came upon the Persians, already formed up in battle lines on shore. Leotychides yelled to the Ionians in the Persian camp: "Men of Ionia - ye who can h ...

See also:

Battle of Mycale, Battle of Mycale - Background, Battle of Mycale - The battle, Battle of Mycale - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Mycale: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Mycale - The battle

Thales lived in the city of Miletus, in Ionia, now western Turkey. According to Herodotus, he was of Phoenician descent. It was said that Thales had no children but adopted his nephew as his son. The well-traveled Ionians had many dealings with Egypt and Babylon, and Thales may have studied in Egypt as a young man. In any event, Thales almost certainly had exposure to Egyptian mythology, astronomy, and mathematics, as well as to other traditions alien to the Homeric traditions of Greece. Perhaps because of this his inquiries into the nature of things took hi ...

See also:

Thales, Thales - Life, Thales - Theories and influence, Thales - Sources, Thales - Interpretations, Thales - Trivia

Read more here: » Thales: Encyclopedia II - Thales - Life

Since 600 BC, Greeks used the name Persis for Persia / Iran. Persis was taken from Old Persian Pars or Parsa - the name of Cyrus's main clan that gave its name also to the region where the Persians lived (modern day province called Fars). Persian people likewise used the name of Younaan (instead of Hellas) for Greece. "Younan" in fact is taken from the name of Ionia, in the south-east of Greece. In Latin, the name for the land was Persia. The name "Persia" until 1935 was the "official" ...

See also:

Iran naming dispute, Iran naming dispute - History of the debate, Iran naming dispute - Etymology of 'Persia', Iran naming dispute - Re-introducing the name Iran, Iran naming dispute - Persian language

Read more here: » Iran naming dispute: Encyclopedia II - Iran naming dispute - Etymology of 'Persia'

The boundaries of Lydia varied across the centuries. It was first bounded by Mysia, Caria, Phrygia and Ionia. Later on, the military power of Alyattes and Croesus expanded Lydia into an empire, with its capital at Sardis, which controlled all Asia Minor west of the River Halys, except Lycia. Lydia never again shrank back into its original dimensions. After the Persian conquest the Maeander was regarded as its southern boundary, and under Rome, Lydia comprised the country between Mysia and Caria on the one side and Phrygia and the Aegean on the other. The Lydians were the first people to establish retail shops which were pe ...

See also:

Lydia, Lydia - Pre-history, Lydia - Lydia in Greek legend, Lydia - Geography, Lydia - Language, Lydia - Autochotonous Dynasties, Lydia - Persian and hellenistic empires, Lydia - Roman province of Asia/ Lydia, Lydia - Byzantine and later period

Read more here: » Lydia: Encyclopedia II - Lydia - Geography

After the Persian defeat, the Greeks mounted various expeditions against Cyprus in order to liberate it from the Persian yoke, but all their efforts bore only temporary results. In 526 BC, the Persians conquered the island. Some years later, the island was incorporated into the 5th Satrapy (Ionia), and East Greek influence can be seen in the Cypriot material culture. The Persians did not interfere in internal affais, the city-kingdoms continued ...

See also:

Ancient history of Cyprus, Ancient history of Cyprus - Assyrian Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - The City-Kingdoms, Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Hellenistic Period, Ancient history of Cyprus - Roman occupation, Ancient history of Cyprus - Christianization, Ancient history of Cyprus - Literature, Ancient history of Cyprus - Reference

Read more here: » Ancient history of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history of Cyprus - Persian period

History of Western philosophy - Ancient philosophy. Philosophy is generally said to begin in the Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with Thales of Miletus, who was active around 585 B.C. and left us the opaque dictum, "All is water." His most noted students were Anaximander and Anaximenes of Miletus ("All is air"). Other thinkers and schools appeared throughout Greece over the next couple of centuries. Among the most important were: Heraclitus, who stressed the transitory and chaotic n ...

See also:

History of Western philosophy, History of Western philosophy - Brief timeline, History of Western philosophy - Ancient philosophy, History of Western philosophy - Medieval philosophy, History of Western philosophy - Modern philosophy, History of Western philosophy - Contemporary philosophy, History of Western philosophy - Chronological list of important philosophers

Read more here: » History of Western philosophy: Encyclopedia II - History of Western philosophy - Brief timeline

Harpagus was the one who suggested using camels as the front line against the Lydians in the war against Croesus, thereby scattering the Lydian cavalry (the horses panicked at the smell of the dromedaries). Following a revolt by the Lydians and the death of Cyrus II's infantry commander, General Mazares, Cyrus II turned over the conquest of Asia Minor to Harpagus. He went on to serve as Cyrus II's most successful general. The Mede followed his victory at Lydia by conquering Ionia, Phoenicia, Caria, Lycia and many other regions ...

See also:

Harpagus, Harpagus - Biography, Harpagus - Harpagus in Historical Texts, Harpagus - Military Career, Harpagus - Later Life

Read more here: » Harpagus: Encyclopedia II - Harpagus - Military Career

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,488 km² (575 mi²). 1,480 km² (571 mi²) of it is land and 8 km² (3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.54% water. Clinton County Michigan - Adjacent counties. Gratiot County (north) Shiawassee County (east) Ionia County (west) Ingham County (southeast) Eaton County (southwest) Saginaw County (n ...

See also:

Clinton County Michigan, Clinton County Michigan - Geography, Clinton County Michigan - Adjacent counties, Clinton County Michigan - Demographics, Clinton County Michigan - Cities villages and townships, Clinton County Michigan - Cities, Clinton County Michigan - Villages, Clinton County Michigan - Unincorporated, Clinton County Michigan - Townships

Read more here: » Clinton County Michigan: Encyclopedia II - Clinton County Michigan - Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,259 km² (872 mi²). 2,217 km² (856 mi²) of it is land and 41 km² (16 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.84% water. Kent County Michigan - Adjacent Counties. Allegan, Barry, Ionia, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo and Ottawa. ...

See also:

Kent County Michigan, Kent County Michigan - Demographics, Kent County Michigan - Geography, Kent County Michigan - Adjacent Counties, Kent County Michigan - Cities villages and townships, Kent County Michigan - Cities villages and unincorporated communities, Kent County Michigan - Townships, Kent County Michigan - History

Read more here: » Kent County Michigan: Encyclopedia II - Kent County Michigan - Geography

In Ionia (the modern Aegean coast of Turkey) the Greek cities, which included great centres such as Miletus and Halicarnassus, were unable to maintain their independence and came under the rule of the Persian Empire in the mid 6th century BC. In 499 BC the Greeks rose in the Ionian Revolt, and Athens and some other Greek cities went to their aid. In 490 BC the Persian Great King, Darius I, having suppressed the Ionian cities, sent a fleet to punish the Greeks. The Persians landed in Attica, but were defeated at the Battle of Marathon by a Greek army led by the Athenian general Miltiades. The burial mound ...

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,480 km² (572 mi²). 1,477 km² (570 mi²) of it is land and 4 km² (1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.26% water. Gratiot County Michigan - Adjacent counties. Clinton County (south) Saginaw County (east) Montcalm County (west) Shiawassee County (southeast) Ionia County (southwest) Midland County (n ...

See also:

Gratiot County Michigan, Gratiot County Michigan - Geography, Gratiot County Michigan - Adjacent counties, Gratiot County Michigan - Demographics, Gratiot County Michigan - Cities villages and townships, Gratiot County Michigan - Cities, Gratiot County Michigan - Villages, Gratiot County Michigan - Townships

Read more here: » Gratiot County Michigan: Encyclopedia II - Gratiot County Michigan - Geography

In Ionia (the modern Aegean coast of Turkey) the Greek cities, which included great centres such as Miletus and Halicarnassus, were unable to maintain their independence and came under the rule of the Persian Empire in the mid 6th century BC. In 499 BC the Greeks rose in the Ionian Revolt, and Athens and some other Greek cities went to their aid. In 490 BC the Persian Great King, Darius I, having suppressed the Ionian cities, sent a fleet to punish the Greeks. The Persians landed in Attica, but were defeated at the Battle of Marathon by a Greek a ...

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,421 km² (1,707 mi²). 4,247 km² (1,640 mi²) of it is land and 174 km² (67 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.93% water. Lyman County South Dakota - Townships. The county is divided into sixteen townships: Bailey, Butte, Dorman, Fairland, Ionia, Morningside, Oacoma, Pleasant, Pratt, Reliance, Rex, Rose, Rowe, Sioux, and Stony Butte; and six areas of unincorporated territory: Black Dog, Lafayette, L ...

See also:

Lyman County South Dakota, Lyman County South Dakota - Geography, Lyman County South Dakota - Townships, Lyman County South Dakota - Adjacent Counties, Lyman County South Dakota - Demographics, Lyman County South Dakota - Cities and towns, Lyman County South Dakota - External link

Read more here: » Lyman County South Dakota: Encyclopedia II - Lyman County South Dakota - Geography

Anaxagoras (c. 500 BCE–428 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who was likely born about 500 BCE (Apollodorus ap. Diog. Laert. ii. 7.). He was as a member of what is now often called the Ionian School of philosophy. At his native town of Clazomenae in Asia Minor, he appears to have had some amount of property and prospects of political influence; he supposedly surrendered both of these out of a fear that they would hinder his search for knowledge. Although a Greek, he was probably a Persian citizen, perhaps even a soldi ...

Including:

• Anaxagoras - Cosmological theory

Read more here: » Anaxagoras: Encyclopedia - Anaxagoras

Ionian or Ionic School A school of Greek philosophers of the 5th and 6th centuries BC in Ionia, considered to have been founded by Thales of Miletus (640-550 BC) and including Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Heraclitus, Diogenes of Apollonia, Archelaus, and Hippo. They were astronomers, geometers, and geographers who sought to explain the universe in terms of matter, movement, and force. Thales and Hippo make the cosmic element water the primordial originating element; Anaximenes and Diogenes of Apollonia make it the cosmic element air; Heraclitus, the cosmic element fire. Anaxagoras postulates a supreme hierarchical mind (nous) as imparting evolutionary form and order to chaos, the undeveloped substance of nature.

(See also: Ionian, Ionic School, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

The word sibyl comes (via Latin) from the Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. The earlier oracular seeresses known as the sibyls of antiquity prophesied at certain holy sites, probably all of pre-Indo-European origin, under the divine influence of a deity, originally one of the chthonic earth-goddesses. Later in antiquity, sibyls wandered from place to place. The mark of a Sibyl possessed with the second sight is the gift to be able to ...

Including:

• Sibyl - The number of Sibyls
• Sibyl - The later Sibyls
• Sibyl - Sibylline books

Read more here: » Sibyl: Encyclopedia - Sibyl

Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 196 BC 195 BC 194 BC 193 BC 192 BC - 191 BC - 190 BC 189 BC 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC Events The Roman calendar, which is four months ahead of the seasons is adjusted (by Lex Acilia de intercalando). Chinese Emperor Hui Di lifts the ban on Confucian writings ordered in 213 BC Battle of Thermopyla ...

Read more here: » 191 BC: Encyclopedia - 191 BC

Mardonius fortified the Asopus river in Boeotia, hoping that the Greeks would be unable to unite against him. However, the Athenians sent 8,000 men and marched with the Spartan force of 40,000 (5,000 Spartiates and 35,000 Perioci and Helots) to the pass over Mount Cithaeron, where they could successfully defend themselves from Persian raids. Mardonius sent a cavalry charge under the commander Masistius to take the pass, but Masistius was resisted by the Megarans and Athenians under the command of Olympiodorus. Masistius was killed and his ca ...

See also:

Battle of Plataea, Battle of Plataea - Background, Battle of Plataea - Battle, Battle of Plataea - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Plataea: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Plataea - Battle

The Hellenistic period was characterised by the spread of Greek culture across a large part of the known world. Greek-speaking kingdoms were established in Egypt and Syria, and for a time also in Iran and as far east as what is now Afghanistan. Greek traders spread Greek coins across this vast area, and the new kingdoms soon began to produce their own coins. Because these kingdoms were much larger and wealthier than the Greek city states of the classical period, their coins tended to be more mass-produced, as well as larger, and more frequently in gold. But they often l ...

See also:

Ancient Greek coinage, Ancient Greek coinage - Archaic period, Ancient Greek coinage - Classical period, Ancient Greek coinage - Hellenistic period, Ancient Greek coinage - Technique, Ancient Greek coinage - Ancient Greek coins today

Read more here: » Ancient Greek coinage: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greek coinage - Hellenistic period

The distinguishing features of ancient Greek society were the division between free and slave, the differing roles of men and women, the relative lack of status distinctions based on birth, and the importance of religion. The way of life of the Athenians was more common in the Greek world than Sparta's special system. Ancient Greece - Social Structure. Only free people could be citizens entitled to the full protection of the law in a city-state. In most city-states, unlike Rome, social promenece did not al ...

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Society

Anaximander's reputation is due mainly to a cosmological work, little of which remains. From the few extant fragments, we learn that he believed the beginning or first principle (arche, a word first found in Anaximander's writings, and which he probably invented) is an endless, unlimited mass (apeiron), subject to neither old age nor decay, which perpetually yields fresh materials from which everything we can perceive is derived. He never defined this principle precisely, and it has generally (e.g. by Aristotle and Augustine) b ...

See also:

Anaximander, Anaximander - Cosmology and the apeiron, Anaximander - Whence things have their origin Thence also their destruction happens As is the order of things; For they execute the sentence upon one another - The condemnation for the crime - In conformity with the ordinance of Time., Anaximander - Interpretations, Anaximander - Known Works, Anaximander - Honors

Read more here: » Anaximander: Encyclopedia II - Anaximander - Cosmology and the apeiron