Ion Iliescu - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Ion Iliescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Ion Iliescu - Controversies
Ion Iliescu - Mineriads. He was responsible for calling the miners of Jiu Valley to Bucharest on 28 January and June 14, 1990 to end th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1990s: Encyclopedia - 1990s
The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, the last decade of the 20th Century. Informally, it can also include a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1989: Encyclopedia - 1989
1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The world population growth in absolute numbers is believ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Governments' Positions Pre-2003 Invasion Of Iraq: Encyclopedia - Governments' Positions Pre-2003 Invasion Of Iraq
This article describes the positions of world governments prior to the actual initiation of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and not their curr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2000s: Encyclopedia - 2000s
This article is about the decade starting at the beginning of 2000 and ending at the end of 2009. For the century or millennium starting ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Olteniţa: Encyclopedia Ii - Olteniţa - History
OlteniÅ£a is the ancient Constantiola, which was the seat of the first bishopric established in Dacia. During the Crimean War the Ottoman...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - A Rough Sketch Of CeauÅŸism
While the term CeauÅŸism became widely used inside Romania, usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. This feature c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Communist Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Romania - The CeauÅŸescu Regime
Gheorghiu-Dej died in 1965 in unclear circumstances (his death apparently occurred when he was in Moscow for medical treatment) and, afte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-violent Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-violent Revolution - List Of Non-violent Revolutions By Era
Non-violent revolution - Decolonization. Non-violent revolution - Cold War. 1968 - The Prague Spring a period of political liberali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Communist Party - History
Romanian Communist Party - Early history. The party was founded in 1921 when the Communist faction won control of Romania's Social-Demo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanians - Population
Most Romanians live in Romania and Moldova, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - History
Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Romania - Developments
Romania has made great progress in institutionalizing democratic principles, civil liberties, and respect for human rights since 1989. Ho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Kingdom Of Romania
Main article: Kingdom of Romania History of Romania - The Old Kingdom. In 1866, the German prince Carol I (Charles or Karl) of Hohenzol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - 1989 - Events
1989 - January. January 7 - Last day of the Showa period due to the death of Emperor Hirohito(aka Emperor Showa after his death) in Ja...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Treasure: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Treasure - Historical Background
During World War I, as Bucharest being occupied by Germany, the Romanian administration moved to IaÅŸi, and with them, the most valuable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2000s: Encyclopedia Ii - 2000s - Events And Trends
2000s - Technology. A huge jump in broadband internet usage, from 6% of U.S. internet users in June, 2000 to what one study predicts w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanians - Population
Most Romanians live in Romania and Moldova, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Salvation Front: Encyclopedia Ii - National Salvation Front - History
National Salvation Front - Creation and rise to power. FSN was created on 22 December 1989 and took the power from the Communist author...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1990s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1990s - Overview
While optimism and hopes were high following the collapse of Communism, the backlash of the Cold War's effect was only beginning, precipi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mineriad: Encyclopedia Ii - Mineriad - June 1990 Mineriad
In this case, the Romanian miners of Jiu Valley were called by the newly-elected power to Bucharest to end the riots that broke up on 13 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Humour: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Humour - Ethnic Jokes
Roma: Jokes about the Roma (Gypsy) ethnic minority in Romanian. Recurring themes are stealing, refusing to work, having too many children...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michael I Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Michael I Of Romania - Rule
A regency functioned on behalf of the 5-year-old Michael, but in 1930 Carol II suddenly returned to the country at the invitation of poli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adrian Năstase: Encyclopedia Ii - Adrian Năstase - Biography
Adrian Năstase - Family background. Năstase was born in Bucharest in a family that originated from Hanul de Pământ village, Tărtă...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adevărul: Encyclopedia Ii - Adevărul - History
The original paper bearing the name Adevărul was published at two different moments in Romanian history. The very first version appeared...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Academia Caţavencu: Encyclopedia Ii - Academia Caţavencu - Current Activities
Academia CaÅ£avencu have been long-time press freedom advocates. They maintain a "press monitoring agency", a watchdog against manipulati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania Since 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania Since 1989 - 1996 - 2000
Emil Constantinescu of the Democrat Convention of Romania (CDR) won the second round of the 1996 presidential elections by a comfortable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Revolution Of 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Revolution Of 1989 - Bucharest
The events in TimiÅŸoara were widely reported by Radio Free Europe, Voice of America and by students returning home for Christmas holiday...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moscow State University: Encyclopedia Ii - Moscow State University - University History
The university was established on January 25 (January 12 old style), 1755 by a decree of Russian Empress Elizabeth. The actual studies be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Social Democratic Party Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Social Democratic Party Romania - History
On April 7, 1992, the struggle for power inside the National Salvation Front (Frontul Salvării NaÅ£ionale, FSN) between the more hard-li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emil Constantinescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Emil Constantinescu - President Of Romania
Emil Constantinescu - Political and economic issues. Against a background of economic recession, social malaise, stagnation, corruption...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Securitate: Encyclopedia Ii - Securitate - History
Securitate - Founding. The General Direction for the Security of the People (Romanian initials: DGSP, but more commonly just called the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - A Rough Sketch Of CeauÅŸism
While the term CeauÅŸism became widely used inside Romania, usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. This feature c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Governments' Positions Pre-2003 Invasion Of Iraq: Encyclopedia Ii - Governments' Positions Pre-2003 Invasion Of Iraq - Countries Supporting The U.s. Position
Shortly before the Iraq war began, the US government announced that 49 countries were joined in a "coalition of the willing" in favor of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Corneliu Vadim Tudor: Encyclopedia Ii - Corneliu Vadim Tudor - Ideology
In June 1990, with the approval and encouragement of Romanian leaders Ion Iliescu and Petre Roman, Tudor and his maître founded the Nati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - 1989 - Events
1989 - January. January 8 - the Kegworth Air Disaster - A British Midland Boeing 737 crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport - 44...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1990s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1990s - Events And Trends
While optimism and hopes were high following the collapse of Communism, the backlash of the Cold War's effect was only beginning, precipi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Traian Băsescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Traian Băsescu - Career
Traian Băsescu - Commercial ship captain. Băsescu graduated from the Navy Institute of ConstanÅ£a in 1976 and became a Merchant Marin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Televiziunea Română: Encyclopedia Ii - Televiziunea Română - History
TVR was established in 1956, and first emitted on December 31 on the same year. A second channel, TVR2, was created in the 1970s, but was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2000s: Encyclopedia Ii - 2000s - Events And Trends
2000s - Technology. A huge jump in broadband internet usage, from 6% of U.S. internet users in June, 2000 to what one study predicts w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - 1989 - Events
1989 - January. January 7 - Last day of the Showa period due to the death of Emperor Hirohito (aka Emperor Showa after his death) in J...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - History
Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Prominent Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Prominent Romanians - Arts
List of prominent Romanians - Architecture. Ion Mincu, father of the traditional Romanian Style (neoromanism) List of prominent Roma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greater Romania Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Greater Romania Party - Politics
The party was founded in 1991 by Tudor and his literary mentor, the writer Eugen Barbu, one year after launched the "Greater Romania" (Ro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Romanians - Historical And Political Figures
List of Romanians - Ancient and Medieval. Anthim the Iberian, Archbishop of Wallachia Basarab I Neagoe Basarab Iancu de Hunedoara, voi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michael I Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Michael I Of Romania - Political Positions
Michael has not encouraged monarchist agitation in Romania, and royalist parties have made little impact in post-Communist Romanian polit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michael I Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Michael I Of Romania - Life After The Throne
Michael settled in Britain, later he lived in Switzerland, and in June 1948 he married Anne of Bourbon-Parma, with whom he has five daug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Romania Since 1989
Main article: Romania since 1989 Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on May 20, 1990. Running against representatives of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Romania In The Middle Ages
Main articles: Romania in the Dark Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages Different parts of the territory of present-day Romania were invaded ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mineriad: Encyclopedia Ii - Mineriad - January 1990 Mineriad
Mineriad - 28 January. After the National Salvation Front's decision to transform itself into a party, an anti-Communist manifestation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Romanians - Sports
List of Romanians - Soccer. Cristian Chivu Ilie Balaci Ladislau Bölöni Silviu Lung Gheorghe Hagi Anghel Iordănescu Gica Popescu Eme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Dacia
Main article: Dacia, Roman Dacia The territory of today's Romania was inhabited since at least 513 BC by the Getae or Dacians, a Thracian...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Romanians - Science
List of Romanians - Biology. Grigore Antipa, hydrobiologist Ana Aslan, geriatrics researcher Victor BabeÅŸ, biologist Dimitrie Brândz...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Romania During World War Ii
Main article: Romania during World War II As a result, in 1940, Romania lost territory in both east and west: In June 1940, after issuing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Communist Romania
Main article: Communist Romania Soviet occupation following WWII led to the formation of a communist Peoples' Republic in 1947 and the ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - National Awakening Of Romania
Main article: National awakening of Romania As in most European countries, 1848 brought revolution to Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Romanians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Romanians - Arts
List of Romanians - Architecture. Petre Antonescu, triumphal arch Ion Mincu, Neoromanticism Alexandru Orascu, Neoclasscism List of R...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-violent Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-violent Revolution - Organizers And Supporters
Non-violent revolution - Foundations. The Soros Foundations, founded by philanthropist George Soros, have been active for many years in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Romanian Heads Of State From The Unification Of 1859
Principalty of Romania Kingdom of Romania Romanian People's Republic Socialist Republic Romania (from 1965, 21 August) Romania See also...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Politics
Main article: Politics of Romania Romania is a democratic republic. The legislative branch of the Romanian government consists of two cha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Communist Party - Organization
Officially, as with other Communist parties, the supreme body of the Romanian Communist Party and its predecessors was the party congress...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Communist Party - Membership
During its underground years the membership of the party was quite small, less than 1,000 people. Members were largely drawn from ethnic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Romania - Regional Institutions
For territorial and administrative purposes, Romania is divided into 41 counties and the city of Bucharest. Each county is governed by an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Sport In Romania
Image:Catalinaponor.jpg Romania is successful in a number of sports at international level. See also List of Romanians (sport section). T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Romania Romania - Ethnicity. Ethnic groups (Census 2004): Romanian 88.5% Hungarian 5.5% Roma 2.5% Ukrain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Social Democratic Party Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Social Democratic Party Romania - Leadership Of Fsn Fdsn Pdsr And Psd
Presidents Ion Iliescu 1990-1992 Oliviu Gherman 1992-1996 Ion Iliescu 1997-2000 Adrian Năstase 2000-2005 (acting to 2001) Mircea GeoanÄ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Social Democratic Party Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Social Democratic Party Romania - Criticism And Allegations
PSD has been often criticised for harbouring former Communist officials and for attempting to control the Romanian mass media. A number o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Securitate: Encyclopedia Ii - Securitate - Subdivisions
Securitate - General Directorate for Technical Operations. The General Directorate for Technical Operations was a key part of the Secur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Gallery
Palace of Culture, IaÅŸi Palatul Parlamentului, Bucharest Romanian Athenaeum, Bucharest The University, Bucharest Orthodox Cathedral, Clu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Culture
Main article: Culture of Romania There are many TV stations in Romania like: TVR 1, TVR 2, TVR Cultural, TVR International, PRO TV, PRO C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Romania - Judicial Branch
The Romanian legal system is based on the Napoleonic Code. The judiciary is to be independent, and judges appointed by the president are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Romania - Legislative Branch
The national legislature is a bicameral Parliament (Parlament), consisting of the Chamber of Deputies or Camera DeputaÅ£ilor and the Sena...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - CeauÅŸescu's Statesmanship
Under CeauÅŸescu, Romania was Europe's fourth biggest exporter of weapons. Nevertheless, several of CeauÅŸescu's actions suggest that one...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Foreign Debt
Despite his increasingly totalitarian rule, CeauÅŸescu's political independence from the Soviet Union and his protests against the invasi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Leadership Of Romania
Three days after the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in March 1965, CeauÅŸescu became first secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party. One of his f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Early Life And Career
Born in the village of ScorniceÅŸti in the region of Oltenia, CeauÅŸescu moved to Bucharest at the age of 11 to become a shoemaker's appr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mineriad: Encyclopedia Ii - Mineriad - September 1991 Mineriad
The fourth mineriad began on 24 September, under the pretext that the Petre Roman government did not gave a solution to their demands, bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Leadership Weaknesses
CeauÅŸescu's Stalinist control of every aspect of religious life, education, commercial, social and civic further aggravated the situatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Tensions Grow
By 1989, CeauÅŸescu was showing signs of complete denial of reality. While the country was going through extremely difficult times with l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Other
The CeauÅŸescus had one adopted son, Valentin CeauÅŸescu (he was adopted in order to give a personal example of how people should take ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Romania - Executive Branch
The president is elected by popular vote for a maximum of two 5-year terms (4-year terms until 2004). He is Chief of State (charged with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - The End Of CeauÅŸescu
CeauÅŸescu and his wife Elena fled the capital by helicopter together with Emil Bobu and Manea Manescu. They headed for CeauÅŸescu's Snag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Coup
See main article Romanian Revolution of 1989. The events of December 1989 remain controversial. Many, including Filip Teodorescu, a high-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae CeauÅŸescu - Revolution
CeauÅŸescu's regime collapsed after a series of violent events in TimiÅŸoara and Bucharest in December 1989. In November 1989 the XIVth C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mineriad: Encyclopedia Ii - Mineriad - February 1990 Mineriad
Less than a month after the January mineriad, another anti-Communist manifestation took place in Bucharest (February 28). Despite the dem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adrian Năstase: Encyclopedia Ii - Adrian Năstase - Allegations Of Corruption And Other Controversies
Adrian Năstase - 2006 Aunt Tamara Scandal. In January 2006, Nastase included on a legally required wealth disclosure statement an inhe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Largest Cities
Source: National Institute of Statistics, 2002 Census Unofficially, sociologists say that in its 228 km², Bucharest has more than 3.5 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Economy
Main article: Economy of Romania After Romania's Communist regime was overthrown in late 1989, the country experienced a decade of econom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Geography
Main article: Geography of Romania A large part of Romania's borders with Serbia and Bulgaria is formed by the Danube. The Danube is join...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Administrative Divisions
Main article: Counties of Romania Romania is divided into 41 judeÅ£e, or counties, and the municipality of Bucharest (BucureÅŸti) - the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Romanian Heads Of State From The Unification Of 1859
Principalty of Romania Kingdom of Romania People's Republic of Romania Socialist Republic of Romania (from 1965, Aug 21) Republic of Roma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Politics
Main article: Politics of Romania Romania is a democratic republic. The legislative branch of the Romanian government consists of two cha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - National Holidays
The Christian holidays of Christmas and (Orthodox) Easter are celebrated (they are official, non-working, holidays). Unlike some other Ea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Sport In Romania
Romania is successful in a number of sports at international level. See also List of Romanians (sport section). The gymnast Nadia Comanec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Revolution Of 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Revolution Of 1989 - TimiÅŸoara
On December 16 a protest broke out in TimiÅŸoara in response to an attempt by the government to evict a dissident Hungarian Reformed past...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Revolution Of 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Revolution Of 1989 - CeauÅŸescu Falls
It is likely that in the small hours of December 22, CeauÅŸescu must have thought that his desperate attempts to crush the protests had s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Revolution Of 1989: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Revolution Of 1989 - Before The Revolution
See main article Communist Romania As in neighboring countries, by 1989 the bulk of the Romanian populace were dissatisfied with the Comm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Gallery
Palace of Culture, IaÅŸi Palatul Parlamentului, Bucharest Romanian Athenaeum, Bucharest The University, Bucharest Orthodox Cathedral, Clu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Romania Romania - Ethnicity. Ethnic groups (Census 2001): Romanian 89.5% Hungarian 6.5% Roma 2.5% Ukrain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Culture
Main article: Culture of Romania There are many TV stations in Romania like: TVR 1, TVR 2, TVR Cultural, TVR International, PRO TV, PRO C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania - Name
Main article: Etymology of Romania The name of Romania (România) comes from Român (Romanian) which is a derivative of the word Romanus ...   » Read the article