Investment Bank

Banamex was formed on June 2, 1884 from the merger of two banks, Banco Nacional Mexicano Bank and Banco Mercantil Mexicano, two banks that had operated since the beginning of 1882. The newly founded bank had branches in Mérida, Veracruz, Puebla, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi, and opened a branch in Guadalajara. Mexican Revolution. 1916 General Pancho Villa’s revolution interrupts the bankâ ...

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Banco Nacional de México, Banco Nacional de México - History, Banco Nacional de México - Subsidiaries, Banco Nacional de México - External link

Read more here: » Banco Nacional de México: Encyclopedia II - Banco Nacional de México - History

Longer term Corporate finance decisions - generally relating to fixed assets and capital structure - are referred to as Capital investment decisions. The decision here will be based on several inter-related criteria. In general, management must "maximize the value of the firm" by investing in projects which are NPV positive, when valued using an appropriate discount rate; these projects must also be financed appropriately. If ...

See also:

Corporate finance, Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions, Corporate finance - The investment decision, Corporate finance - The financing decision, Corporate finance - The dividend decision, Corporate finance - Working capital management, Corporate finance - Decision criteria, Corporate finance - Management of working capital, Corporate finance - Financial risk management, Corporate finance - Relationship with other areas in finance

Read more here: » Corporate finance: Encyclopedia II - Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions

Security finance - For the issuer. Issuers of securities include commercial companies, government agencies, local authorities and international and supranational organisations (such as the World Bank). Debt securities issued by government (called government bonds or sovereign bonds) generally carries a lower interest rate than corporate debt issued by commercial companies. Repackaged securities are usually issued by a company established for the purpose of th ...

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Security finance, Security finance - Concept of security, Security finance - Uses of securities, Security finance - For the issuer, Security finance - For the holder, Security finance - Debt and equity, Security finance - Debt, Security finance - Equity, Security finance - Hybrid, Security finance - Securities markets, Security finance - Primary and secondary markets, Security finance - Public offers and private placements, Security finance - Listing and OTC dealing, Security finance - International debt markets, Security finance - Legal nature of securities, Security finance - Bearer and registered securities, Security finance - Divided and undivided securities, Security finance - Fungible and non-fungible securities, Security finance - Regulation, Security finance - Associations, Security finance - Lists, Security finance - Market data

Read more here: » Security finance: Encyclopedia II - Security finance - Uses of securities

Decisions relating to working capital and short term financing are referred to as working capital management. These involve managing the relationship between a firm's short-term assets and its short-term liabilities. The goal of Working capital management is to ensure that the firm is able to continue its operations and that it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. ...

See also:

Corporate finance, Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions, Corporate finance - The investment decision, Corporate finance - The financing decision, Corporate finance - The dividend decision, Corporate finance - Working capital management, Corporate finance - Decision criteria, Corporate finance - Management of working capital, Corporate finance - Financial risk management, Corporate finance - Relationship with other areas in finance

Read more here: » Corporate finance: Encyclopedia II - Corporate finance - Working capital management

Security finance - Primary and secondary markets. The securities markets can be divided into the primary markets and the secondary markets. Primary markets (also known as capital markets) comprise of new securities to their first holders. The issue of new securities is commonly known as an Initial Public Offering (IPO). Issuers usually retain investment banks to assist them in finding buyers for these issues, and in many cases, to buy any remaining interests themselves. This arrangement is known as underwriting. ...

See also:

Security finance, Security finance - Concept of security, Security finance - Uses of securities, Security finance - For the issuer, Security finance - For the holder, Security finance - Debt and equity, Security finance - Debt, Security finance - Equity, Security finance - Hybrid, Security finance - Securities markets, Security finance - Primary and secondary markets, Security finance - Public offers and private placements, Security finance - Listing and OTC dealing, Security finance - International debt markets, Security finance - Legal nature of securities, Security finance - Bearer and registered securities, Security finance - Divided and undivided securities, Security finance - Fungible and non-fungible securities, Security finance - Regulation, Security finance - Associations, Security finance - Lists, Security finance - Market data

Read more here: » Security finance: Encyclopedia II - Security finance - Securities markets

A commercial bank is what is commonly considered a 'bank'. The term 'commercial' is used to distinguish it from an 'investment bank', a type of financial services entity which, instead of lending money directly to a business, helps businesses raise money from other firms in the form of bonds (debt) or stock (equity). Major commercial banks include: ABN AMRO AEGON N.V. ANZ Bank Banco Bradesco Banco do Brasil Banco Santander Central Hispano Banco Santander Santiago ...

See also:

Financial services, Financial services - History of financial services, Financial services - United States: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Financial services - Banking Services: What do banks do?, Financial services - Virtual banking, Financial services - Commercial bank, Financial services - Private banking, Financial services - Investment Banks, Financial services - Bank cards, Financial services - Credit card machine services and networks, Financial services - Investment Services, Financial services - Asset Management, Financial services - Hedge Fund Managers, Financial services - Custody services, Financial services - Insurance related, Financial services - Insurance Brokerage, Financial services - Insurance Underwriting, Financial services - Reinsurance, Financial services - Intermediation or advisory services, Financial services - Stock brokers private client services and discount brokers, Financial services - Market share, Financial services - 2004, Financial services - 1999, Financial services - Brand equity, Financial services - Glossary, Financial services - Acronyms, Financial services - External link

Read more here: » Financial services: Encyclopedia II - Financial services - Commercial bank

Financial services - United States: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. The term financial services became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies in the US financial services industry to merge. Critics of this act say the term financial services attempts to make the unison of these operations sound natural, ignoring the history of problems that have arisen from combining them, such as conflicts of interes ...

See also:

Financial services, Financial services - History of financial services, Financial services - United States: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, Financial services - Banking Services: What do banks do?, Financial services - Virtual banking, Financial services - Commercial bank, Financial services - Private banking, Financial services - Investment Banks, Financial services - Bank cards, Financial services - Credit card machine services and networks, Financial services - Investment Services, Financial services - Asset Management, Financial services - Hedge Fund Managers, Financial services - Custody services, Financial services - Insurance related, Financial services - Insurance Brokerage, Financial services - Insurance Underwriting, Financial services - Reinsurance, Financial services - Intermediation or advisory services, Financial services - Stock brokers private client services and discount brokers, Financial services - Market share, Financial services - 2004, Financial services - 1999, Financial services - Brand equity, Financial services - Glossary, Financial services - Acronyms, Financial services - External link

Read more here: » Financial services: Encyclopedia II - Financial services - History of financial services

Citigroup is divided into different divisions, each which contain many areas of business. The main divisions are Global Consumer, Global Corporate and Investment Bank, Private Client Services, and Global Investment management. The Global Consumer Group is comprised of three sub-divisions, Cards (credit cards), Consumer Finance, and Retail Banking. The credit card business on average delivers about 40% of the profits of this group. Citigroup is the largest provider of credit cards in the world, a position long held by Citicorp, ...

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Citigroup, Citigroup - Market share, Citigroup - History, Citigroup - Citicorp, Citigroup - Merger, Citigroup - Post merger history, Citigroup - Corporate Governance, Citigroup - Current Board of Directors, Citigroup - Business model, Citigroup - Real estate, Citigroup - Divisions, Citigroup - Scandals, Citigroup - Brands, Citigroup - Ancestor companies

Read more here: » Citigroup: Encyclopedia II - Citigroup - Divisions

Corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. The discipline as a whole may be divided among long-term and short-term decisions and techniques with the primary goal being the enhancing of corporate value by ensuring that return on capital exceeds cost of capital, without taking excessive financial risks. Capital investment decisions comprise the long-term choices about which projects receive investment ...

Including:

• Corporate finance - Capital investment decisions
• Corporate finance - The investment decision
• Corporate finance - The financing decision
• Corporate finance - The dividend decision
• Corporate finance - Working capital management
• Corporate finance - Decision criteria
• Corporate finance - Management of working capital
• Corporate finance - Financial risk management
• Corporate finance - Relationship with other areas in finance

Read more here: » Corporate finance: Encyclopedia - Corporate finance

HSBC splits its business into four distinct groups, on a global basis: HSBC - Personal Financial Services. HSBC provides more than 100 million customers worldwide with a full range of personal financial services, including current and savings accounts, mortgages, insurance, credit cards, loans, pensions and investments. Consumer Finance facilitates point-of-sale credit to consumers, and lends money and provides related services to meet the financial needs of everyday people. See also:

HSBC, HSBC - Customer groups, HSBC - Personal Financial Services, HSBC - Commercial Banking, HSBC - Corporate Investment Banking and Markets, HSBC - Private Banking, HSBC - Strategy, HSBC - Managing for Value 1998-2003, HSBC - Managing for Growth 2003-2008, HSBC - Activities in the Americas, HSBC - Argentina, HSBC - Brazil, HSBC - Canada, HSBC - Mexico, HSBC - United States, HSBC - Activities in Asia Pacific, HSBC - Australia, HSBC - India, HSBC - Hong Kong, HSBC - Mainland China, HSBC - Malaysia, HSBC - Activities in Europe, HSBC - France, HSBC - Malta, HSBC - Turkey, HSBC - United Kingdom, HSBC - Activities in Middle East and Africa, HSBC - Egypt, HSBC - Iraq, HSBC - Saudi Arabia, HSBC - Global Service Centres, HSBC - Sponsorship, HSBC - History of HSBC Holdings plc

Read more here: » HSBC: Encyclopedia II - HSBC - Customer groups

Its most famous office building is the Citigroup Center, a diagonal-roof skyscraper located in New York City's Midtown Manhattan, which despite popular belief is not the company's headquarters building. Citigroup has its headquarters across the street in an anonymous-looking building at 399 Park Avenue (the site of the original location of the City National Bank). The headquarters is outfitted with nine luxury dining rooms, with a team of private chefs preparing a different menu for each day. The management team is on the third and fourth fl ...

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Citigroup, Citigroup - Market share, Citigroup - History, Citigroup - Citicorp, Citigroup - Merger, Citigroup - Post merger history, Citigroup - Corporate Governance, Citigroup - Current Board of Directors, Citigroup - Business model, Citigroup - Real estate, Citigroup - Divisions, Citigroup - Scandals, Citigroup - Brands, Citigroup - Ancestor companies

Read more here: » Citigroup: Encyclopedia II - Citigroup - Real estate

HSBC - Managing for Value 1998-2003. Managing for Value was the strategy followed by the group between 1998 and 2003. HSBC - Managing for Growth 2003-2008. HSBC launched ‘Managing for Growth’ at the end of 2003 it is a strategic plan that provides a blueprint for growth and development. HSBC aim to be the world’s leading financial services company, meaning preferred, admired and dynamic, and being recognised for giving the customer a fair deal. Brand: make HS ...

See also:

HSBC, HSBC - Customer groups, HSBC - Personal Financial Services, HSBC - Commercial Banking, HSBC - Corporate Investment Banking and Markets, HSBC - Private Banking, HSBC - Strategy, HSBC - Managing for Value 1998-2003, HSBC - Managing for Growth 2003-2008, HSBC - Activities in the Americas, HSBC - Argentina, HSBC - Brazil, HSBC - Canada, HSBC - Mexico, HSBC - United States, HSBC - Activities in Asia Pacific, HSBC - Australia, HSBC - India, HSBC - Hong Kong, HSBC - Mainland China, HSBC - Malaysia, HSBC - Activities in Europe, HSBC - France, HSBC - Malta, HSBC - Turkey, HSBC - United Kingdom, HSBC - Activities in Middle East and Africa, HSBC - Egypt, HSBC - Iraq, HSBC - Saudi Arabia, HSBC - Global Service Centres, HSBC - Sponsorship, HSBC - History of HSBC Holdings plc

Read more here: » HSBC: Encyclopedia II - HSBC - Strategy

HSBC - Egypt. Main articles: HSBC Bank Egypt SAE, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

HSBC, HSBC - Customer groups, HSBC - Personal Financial Services, HSBC - Commercial Banking, HSBC - Corporate Investment Banking and Markets, HSBC - Private Banking, HSBC - Strategy, HSBC - Managing for Value 1998-2003, HSBC - Managing for Growth 2003-2008, HSBC - Activities in the Americas, HSBC - Argentina, HSBC - Brazil, HSBC - Canada, HSBC - Mexico, HSBC - United States, HSBC - Activities in Asia Pacific, HSBC - Australia, HSBC - India, HSBC - Hong Kong, HSBC - Mainland China, HSBC - Malaysia, HSBC - Activities in Europe, HSBC - France, HSBC - Malta, HSBC - Turkey, HSBC - United Kingdom, HSBC - Activities in Middle East and Africa, HSBC - Egypt, HSBC - Iraq, HSBC - Saudi Arabia, HSBC - Global Service Centres, HSBC - Sponsorship, HSBC - History of HSBC Holdings plc

Read more here: » HSBC: Encyclopedia II - HSBC - Activities in Middle East and Africa

The original purpose of an investment bank was to raise capital and advise on mergers and acquisitions and other corporate financial strategies. As banking firms have diversified, investment banks have come to fill a variety of roles (list taken from the Swiss Banking Institute): Underwriting and distributing new security issues Offering brokerage services to public & institutional investors Providing financial advice to corporate clients, especially on security issues, M&A deals Providing financial security research to investors and corporate ...

See also:

Investment bank, Investment bank - Role of modern investment banks, Investment bank - Raising capital in the capital markets, Investment bank - The main activities and units, Investment bank - Recent evolution of the business, Investment bank - Compensation, Investment bank - Possible conflicts of interest, Investment bank - Investment banks

Read more here: » Investment bank: Encyclopedia II - Investment bank - Role of modern investment banks

Investment bankers are compensated through a base salary that is paid through the year and a large year-end bonus, in July for junior bankers and in November for senior bankers. In the United States recent graduates, typically of top universities, are hired to fill analyst positions and are commonly paid for their first year a $60,000 salary, a $10,000 sign-on bonus, and a bonus that ranges with the reputation and the profitability of the firm but is usually between $40,000 to $60,000. While the base salary stays the same, the size of the bo ...

See also:

Investment bank, Investment bank - Role of modern investment banks, Investment bank - Raising capital in the capital markets, Investment bank - The main activities and units, Investment bank - Recent evolution of the business, Investment bank - Compensation, Investment bank - Possible conflicts of interest, Investment bank - Investment banks

Read more here: » Investment bank: Encyclopedia II - Investment bank - Compensation

The bank's headquarters is at the Toronto Dominion Centre at King Street and Bay Street in Toronto. The towering black skyscrapers were designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and was the first major skyscraper in the city. Opened in 1967, the TD Centre was the inspiration of Allen Lambert (1911-2002), the former President and Chairman of the Board of the bank. TD Bank Financial Group subsidiaries include: TD Canada Trust - Canadian personal and commercial banking TD Banknorth - U.S. personal and commercial b ...

See also:

Toronto-Dominion Bank, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Operations, Toronto-Dominion Bank - History, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Mergers, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Corporate governance, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Membership

Read more here: » Toronto-Dominion Bank: Encyclopedia II - Toronto-Dominion Bank - Operations

In order to convince Citicorp to merge, Weill proposed a structure of co-CEO's, consisting of himself and John Reed. This strategy was denounced immediately by many in the press and many research analysts as being unworkable. Former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin was brought in as a moderating influence between Weill and Reed, but conflicts within the company eventually led to Reed being forced out (though Rubin remains). In addition, three co-CEO's (Jamie Dimon and Deryck Maughnan from Travelers, and Victor Menzes from Citicorp) were place ...

See also:

Citigroup, Citigroup - Market share, Citigroup - History, Citigroup - Citicorp, Citigroup - Merger, Citigroup - Post merger history, Citigroup - Corporate Governance, Citigroup - Current Board of Directors, Citigroup - Business model, Citigroup - Real estate, Citigroup - Divisions, Citigroup - Scandals, Citigroup - Brands, Citigroup - Ancestor companies

Read more here: » Citigroup: Encyclopedia II - Citigroup - Post merger history

Investment in gold can be done directly through ownership, or indirectly through certificates, accounts, shares, futures etc. However, gold's benefit as a secure asset may only be truly realised when directly owned and stored in bullion or coins. Most investors would not recommend storing gold oneself (e.g. in one's home) but to use a bank or dealer. Other than storing gold in one's own safety deposit box at a bank, gold can also be placed in allocated (also known as non-fungible), or unallocated (fungible or pooled) storage with a bank or d ...

See also:

Gold as an investment, Gold as an investment - Gold as a store of wealth, Gold as an investment - Gold as an investment, Gold as an investment - Gold price, Gold as an investment - Factors influencing the gold price, Gold as an investment - Investment strategies, Gold as an investment - Methods of investing in gold, Gold as an investment - Bullion, Gold as an investment - Coins, Gold as an investment - Gold certificates, Gold as an investment - Gold accounts, Gold as an investment - Gold shares, Gold as an investment - Exchange Traded Fund, Gold as an investment - Spread betting, Gold as an investment - Futures, Gold as an investment - Gold's value versus money supply, Gold as an investment - Bulls versus bears

Read more here: » Gold as an investment: Encyclopedia II - Gold as an investment - Methods of investing in gold

Citigroup and its predecessor companies use the "diversified financial services business model" first invented by Prudential in the late seventies. Simply put, this model attempts to conglomerate many types of finance companies, such as stock brokers, banks, insurance companies, and others. This is done because each of those businesses do better or worse at different times of the business cycle, and so owning all of them balances things out and creates in theory less earnings volatility. This is also done because customers usually use many d ...

See also:

Citigroup, Citigroup - Market share, Citigroup - History, Citigroup - Citicorp, Citigroup - Merger, Citigroup - Post merger history, Citigroup - Corporate Governance, Citigroup - Current Board of Directors, Citigroup - Business model, Citigroup - Real estate, Citigroup - Divisions, Citigroup - Scandals, Citigroup - Brands, Citigroup - Ancestor companies

Read more here: » Citigroup: Encyclopedia II - Citigroup - Business model

The origins of The Toronto Dominion Bank lay in the efforts of a group of Ontario businessmen involved in the buying, milling and marketing of grain. They were determined to create a financial institution to meet their specific needs in banking, insurance and commodities exchange. The first petition to the provincial legislature, in 1854, for the incorporation of The Millers, Merchants and Farmers Bank of Canada West, was rejected. However, on March 18, 1855, their application for a charter for The Bank of Toronto, with ...

See also:

Toronto-Dominion Bank, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Operations, Toronto-Dominion Bank - History, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Mergers, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Corporate governance, Toronto-Dominion Bank - Membership

Read more here: » Toronto-Dominion Bank: Encyclopedia II - Toronto-Dominion Bank - History