Intuition has many related meanings, including: Quick and ready insight seemingly independent of previous experiences or empirical knowledge Immediate apprehension or cognition, that is, knowledge or conviction without consideration, thought, or inference. Understanding without apparent effort Intuition (MBTI) is one of the four axes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, opposite "Sensing". Intuition (game) - "The Game You Already Know" was a board game produced in Toronto Canada for a few years in the early 1990s by the company "Applied In ...

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Intuition - Intuition as form of knowledge Intuition - Intuition in philosophy

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Intuition, Intuition - Intuition as form of knowledge, Intuition - Intuition in philosophy

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Intuition is an unconscious form of knowledge. It is immediate and often not open to rational/analytical thought processes. Rationalisation of an intuition and the development of a chain of logic to demonstrate more structurally why it is valid may follow later. Intuition differs from an opinion since the latter is based on experience, while an intuition is held to be affected by previous experiences only unconsciously. Intuition is also said to differ from instinct, which does not have the experience element at all. A person w ...

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Intuition, Intuition - Intuition as form of knowledge, Intuition - Intuition in philosophy

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The Six Darsanas are the intellectual section of the Hindu writings, while the first four are intuitional, and the fifth inspirational and emotional. Darsanas are schools of philosophy based on the Vedas. The Agamas are theological. The Darsana literature is philosophical. The Darsanas are meant for the erudite scholars who are endowed with acute acumen, good understanding, power of reasoning and subtle intellect. The Itihasas, Puranas and Agamas are meant for the masses. The Darsanas appeal to the intellect, while the Itihasas, Puranas, etc., appeal to the heart.

Excerpt from All About Hinduism by Sri Swami Sivananda

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Arguments for dualism come in four main varieties: intuitive, religious, ontological, and subjective arguments. Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments. One argument for dualism, especially dualistic interactionism, is that it is a very common sense view. Some developmental psychologists claim to have shown that dualism is commonsensical for very young children as well. This is obviously not "proof", but it ...

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Dualism philosophy of mind, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of ontological dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of interaction dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments for dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments, Dualism philosophy of mind - The problem of mental causation, Dualism philosophy of mind - Subjective argument in support of dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments against dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Biological naturalism

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The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft), first published in 1781 with a second edition in 1787, is widely regarded as the most influential and widely read work of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant and one of the most influential and important in the entire history of Western philosophy. It is often referred to as Kant's "first critique", and was followed by the Critiqu ...

Including:

Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic
Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic
Critique of Pure Reason - Terms
Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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John R. Searle, Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, has pioneered an approach to mind-body issues that is dualistic in some respects, monist in others. He calls it "biological naturalism." Searle's views sound like dualistic interactionism. He believes that consciousness "is a real part of the real world and it cannot be eliminated in favor of, or reduced to, something else" whether that something-else is a neurological state of the brain or a software program. He contends, for example, that the software ...

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Dualism philosophy of mind, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of ontological dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of interaction dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments for dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments, Dualism philosophy of mind - The problem of mental causation, Dualism philosophy of mind - Subjective argument in support of dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments against dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Biological naturalism

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Varieties of dualism in which mind can causally affect matter have come under strenuous attack from different quarters, especially starting in the 20th century. How can something totally immaterial, people ask, affect something totally material? That's the basic problem. We can analyze the problem here in three parts. First, it is not clear where the interaction would take place. Burning my fingers causes pain, right? Well, apparently there is some chain of events, leading from the burning of skin, to the stimulation of nerve e ...

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Dualism philosophy of mind, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of ontological dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of interaction dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments for dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments, Dualism philosophy of mind - The problem of mental causation, Dualism philosophy of mind - Subjective argument in support of dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments against dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Biological naturalism

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Ontological dualism makes dual commitments about the nature of existence as it relates to mind and matter. Substance dualism asserts that the mind and matter are fundamentally distinct kinds of substances, while property dualism suggests that the ontological distinction lies in the differences between properties of mind and matter (as in emergentism). Yet a weaker type of ontological dualism is predicate dualism which claims the irreducibility of mental predicates to physical predicates. Cartesian dualism is a kind of substance dualism, a great difficulty with which is the explanati ...

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Dualism philosophy of mind, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of ontological dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of interaction dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments for dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments, Dualism philosophy of mind - The problem of mental causation, Dualism philosophy of mind - Subjective argument in support of dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments against dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Biological naturalism

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Lu Jiuyuan (陸九淵), or Lu Xiangshan (1139-1192) was a Chinese scholar who used Confucian terminology in a very Buddhist spirit. Later movements of Neo-Confucianism revolted against Lu Jiuyuan's metaphysics that regarded moral conduct as a consequence of intuitive insights into the essence of reality. In recent times, his philosophy was revived by Liang Sou-ming with the book The Civilization and Philosophy of the East and the West (1921). A later Neo-Confucian movement, the Lu Wang School, is named after Lu Ji

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In philosophy and religion, the word noetic, from the Greek νοῦς (nous) is usually translated as "mind", "understanding", "intellect", or "reason". Most dictionaries define the term noetic as a synonym of "mental" or "intellectual." However, in recent decades, the term has taken on new usages among New Age authors and teachers. The Institute of Noetic Sciences defines noetic as, roughly, 'relating to consciousness or intuition'. The ancient Pythagoreans and Platonists used the term to mean "the cosmic soul". According to Neo-Platonic cosmology, the nous em ...

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Noetic - External link

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Transcendentalism was the name of a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the physical and empirical and is only realized through a knowledgeable intuitive awareness that is conditional upon the individual. The concept emerged in New England in the early-to mid-nineteenth century. It is sometimes called "American Transcendentalism" to distinguish it from other uses of the word transcendental. It began as a protest ...

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Transcendentalism - History Transcendentalism - Origins Transcendentalism - Other meanings of transcendentalism

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In theology and the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument for the existence of God is an argument that God's existence can be proved a priori, that is, by intuition and reason alone. In the context of the Abrahamic religions, it was first proposed by the medieval philosopher Anselm of Canterbury in his Proslogion, and important variations have been developed by philosophers such as René Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz, Norman Malcolm, Charles Hartshorne, and Alvin Plantinga. A modal logic versi ...

Including:

Ontological argument - Anselm's argument Ontological argument - Philosophical assumptions underlying the argument Ontological argument - A modern description of the argument Ontological argument - Criticisms and Objections
Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island Ontological argument - Necessary nonexistence Ontological argument - Existence as a property Ontological argument - Miscellaneous
Ontological argument - Revisionists Ontological argument - Descartes' ontological arguments Ontological argument - Plantinga's modal form and contemporary discussion Ontological argument - Bibliography

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Phenomenology is a current in philosophy that takes the intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience. It stems from the School of Brentano and was mostly based on the work of the 20th century philosopher Edmund Husserl, and was developed further by philosophers such as Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Scheler, Hannah Arendt, and Emmanuel Levinas. As such, phenomeno ...

Including:

Phenomenology - Historical overview of the use of the term Phenomenology - Husserl and the origin of Phenomenology
Phenomenology - Precursors and influences
Phenomenology - Phenomenology in the first edition of the Logische Untersuchungen 1900/1901 Phenomenology - Transcendental phenomenology after the Ideen 1913
Phenomenology - Transcendental phenomenologists
Phenomenology - Realist phenomenology
Phenomenology - Realist phenomenologists
Phenomenology - Existential phenomenology
Phenomenology - Heidegger's phenomenology and differences with Husserl Phenomenology - Existential phenomenologists
Phenomenology - Currents influenced by phenomenology

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Regardless of whether ontological dualism is correct, one may wish to inquire how the mental interacts with the material. Interaction dualism can be distinguished based on if and how mind and matter are thought to causally interact. In dualistic interactionism (also Cartesian dualism, as it was Descartes' position), arguably the most popular and widespread version, mind events can cause physical events and vice versa. Thus when Johnny touches a hot stove and burns his skin (physical events), he experiences pain (a mental event) ...

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Dualism philosophy of mind, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of ontological dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Types of interaction dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments for dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Intuitive and religious arguments, Dualism philosophy of mind - The problem of mental causation, Dualism philosophy of mind - Subjective argument in support of dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Arguments against dualism, Dualism philosophy of mind - Biological naturalism

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Hume's conclusions, Kant realized, rested on the premise that knowledge is empirical at its root. The problem that Hume identified was that basic principles like cause and effect cannot be empirically derived. Kant's goal, then, was to find some way to derive cause and effect without relying on empirical knowledge. Kant rejects analytical methods for this, arguing that analytic reasoning can't tell you anything that isn't already self-evident. Instead, Kant argued that we would need to use synthetic reasoning. But this posed a new problem—how can one have synthetic knowledge that is not bas ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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The Critique of Pure Reason is an attempt to answer two questions: "What do we know?" and "How do we know it?". Kant approaches the questions by looking at the relationship between knowledge based on reason (what we know purely logically, prior to or independently of experience, or a priori) and knowledge based on experience (what we know based on the input of our senses or a posteriori). In Kant's view, a priori intuitions and concepts provide us with some a priori knowledge, which also provides the ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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Kant separates the mind into two faculties, intuition and understanding. The Transcendental Aesthetic is that part of the CPR that considers the contribution of intuition to our knowledge or cognition. In discussing intuition Kant says: "In whatever manner and by whatever means a mode of knowledge may relate to objects, intution is that through which it is in immediate relation to them" (A19/B33). Intuition is responsible for providing the mind with objects, or what Kant calls "appearances". Kant then goes on to distinguish between th ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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The Transcendental Logic is that part of the CPR where Kant investigates the understanding and its role in constituting our knowledge. The understanding is defined as the faculty of the mind which deals with concepts (A51-52/B75-76). The Logic is divided into two parts: the Analytic and the Dialectic. In the Analytic Kant investigates the contributions of the understanding to knowledge. In the Dialectic Kant investigates the limits of the understanding. The idea of a transcendental logic is that of a logic which gives an account of th ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition. "Intuition" is "the faculty or power of receiving representations"(see Second Part, Transcendental Logic, Of Logic in General). Objects are given to use through intuition. Intuition can be pure or empirical. Pure intuition contains the a priori forms under which objects of senses can be intuited—such as the space and time. Without these a priori forms, objects of senses cannot be perceived or thought of. Pure intuition is only possible a priori. Empirical intuition includes sensation—which presupposes the actual presenc ...

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Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's rejection of Hume's empiricism, Critique of Pure Reason - Kant's approach, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Aesthetic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Logic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Analytic, Critique of Pure Reason - Transcendental Dialectic, Critique of Pure Reason - Terms, Critique of Pure Reason - Intuition

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