Intestinal Diseases

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Intestine

The intestine is the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. In humans, the small intestine is further subivided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum while the large intestine is subdivided into the cecum, colon and rectum. The intestine is the part of the body responsible for extracting nutrition from food. While the stomach's role mainly consists in "breaking" food molecules into nutrients, the intestine allows these nutrient ...

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Intestine - Diseases of the intestine

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia II - Intestine - Diseases of the intestine Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the intestines and is the most common disease of the intestines. It can arise as the result of food poisoning. Ileus is a blockage of the intestines. Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix located at the cecum. This is a potentially fatal disease if left untreated; most cases of appendicitis will require surgical intervention. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of autoimmune diseases affecting the intestines. Crohn's can affect the ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease (also called celiac disease, non-tropical sprue, c(o)eliac sprue and gluten intolerance) is a digestive disorder. It is characterised by damage or flattening to all or part of the villi lining the small intestine, causing scar tissue that cannot absorb nutrients. This damage is caused by exposure to gluten and related proteins found in wheat, rye, malt, barley and oats. Coeliac disease - Signs and symptoms. Damage to the villi reduces the ability of the intestines ...

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Coeliac disease - Footnotes

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease affecting the intestines of mammals that is caused by Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. It is a disease spread through the fecal-oral route; the main symptom is self-limiting diarrhea in people with intact immune system. In immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients, infection can cause permanent & life-threatening diarrhea. Despite not being identified until 1976 it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and is found worldwide. The disease and parasi ...

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Ascending colon

In anatomy of the digestive system, the colon or large intestine or large bowel is the part of the intestine from the cecum to the rectum. Its primary purpose is to extract water from feces. In mammals, it consists of the cecum, ascending colon and approximately the first two-thirds of the transverse colon on the right (or proximal) side and the last third of the transverse colon to the splenic flexure, the descending colon, the sigmo ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Colon anatomy

In anatomy of the digestive system, the colon, also called the large intestine or large bowel, is the part of the intestine from the cecum to the rectum. Its primary purpose is to extract water from feces. In mammals, it consists of the cecum, ascending colon and approximately the first two-thirds of the transverse colon on the right (or proximal) side and the last third of the transverse colon to the splenic flexure, the descending colon, the sigmo ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Vitamin K

Vitamin K denotes a group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives. They are human vitamins, lipophilic (i.e., soluble in lipids) and therefore hydrophobic (i.e., insoluble in water). They are needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins, mostly required for blood coagulation. Normally it is produced by bacteria in the intestines, and dietary deficiency is extremely rare unless the intestines are heavily damaged. Vitamin K - Chemical structure. Vitamin K is a group name for a numb ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Stomach

In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ in the alimentary canal used to digest food. Generally, the stomach's primary function is not the absorption of nutrients from digested food; this task is usually performed by the intestine. The main job of the stomach is to break down large food molecules into smaller ones, so that they can be absorbed into the blood more easily. Latin names for the stomach include Ventriculus and Gaster; many medical terms related to the stomach ...

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Read more here: » Stomach: Encyclopedia - Stomach

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Autointoxication

Autointoxication is an ancient theory based on the belief that intestinal waste products can poison the body and are a major contributor to many, if not all, diseases. In the 19th century, it was the ruling doctrine of medicine and led "colonic quackery" in various guises. By the turn of the century, it had received some apparent backing from science. When it became clear that the scientific rationale was wrong and colonic irrigation was not merely useless but potentially dangerous, it was exposed as quackery and subsequently went int

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Antidiarrhoeal

An antidiarrhoeal drug is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. Electrolyte solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases. Bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (bran, sterculia, ispaghul, etc.) are used for diarrhoea in functional bowel disease and to control ileostomy output. Absorbents absorb toxic substances that cause infective diarrhoea, methylcellulose is an absorbent as well. Opiates slow intestinal transit, but Loperamide is most commonly used, s ...

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Dysentery

Dysentery is an illness involving severe diarrhea that is often associated with blood in the feces. It is caused by ingestion of food containing bacteria, a disease in which inflammation of the intestines affect the body significantly. There are two major types: shigellosis, which is caused by one of several type of Shigella bacteria; and amoebic dysentery, which is caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Dysentery - Shigellosis. A patient with shigellosis will often recover ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Urinary system

The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores, and carries urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, two sphincter muscles, and the urethra. Urinary system - Physiology. Urinary system - Kidneys. The kidney is one of the various organs (together with the lungs, intestine and skin) that participates in the elimination of the wastes of the organism. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs about the size of a human fist. They are near the ...

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Urinary system - Physiology

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the bowel that usually affects the distal end of the large intestine and rectum. It has no known cause, although there is a genetic component to susceptibility. Ulcerative colitis - Features. Chronic diarrhoea (sometimes bloody). Other symptoms may include abdominal pain and discomfort, bloating, and nausea. No infective cause of diarrhea found. Inflammatory changes are most often confined to the left side and distal parts of the large ...

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Ulcerative colitis - Features

Ulcerative colitis - Comparison to Crohn's disease

Ulcerative colitis - Current research and treatment alternatives

Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Nutrition

Nutrition is the study of the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. It is defined as the study of food. Absence of adequate nutrients can cause certain diseases to take hold that can potentially result in death. Between the extremes of optimal health and death from starvation or malnutrition, there is an array of disease states that can be caused or alleviated by changes in diet. Deficiencies, excesses and imbalances in the diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may result in diseases such as s ...

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Intestinal Diseases: Encyclopedia - Vitamin

A Vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health. An organism deprived of all sources of a particular vitamin will eventually suffer from disease symptoms specific to that vitamin. Vitamins can be classified as either water soluble, which means they dissolve easily in water, or fat soluble, which means they are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids. In general, an organism must obtain vitamins or their metabolic precursors from outside the body, mo ...

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Vitamin - Vitamin deficiency and excess

Read more here: » Vitamin: Encyclopedia - Vitamin

Intestinal Diseases: Diseases of the digestive system: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapter K: Diseases of the digestive system - K00-K93 - Diseases of the digestive system

ICD-10 Chapter K: Diseases of the digestive system - K00-K14 Diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws. (K00) Disorders of tooth development and eruption (K01) Embedded and impacted teeth (K02) Dental caries (K03) Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth (K04) Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K040) Pulpitis (K05) Gingivitis and periodontal diseases (K054) Periodontosis (K06) Other disorders of gingi ...

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Intestinal Diseases

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