 |
|
|
International trade | A Wisdom Archive on International trade | | International trade A selection of articles related to International trade | |
| |
international trade
| | | | Top | » Page 4 « Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 More » | |
| |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO International trade | | | |  International trade: Encyclopedia II - Financial markets - Raising capitalTo understand financial markets, let us look at what they are used for, i.e. what is their purpose?
Without financial markets, borrowers would have difficulty finding lenders themselves. Intermediaries such as banks help in this process. Banks take deposits from those who have money to save. They can then lend money from this pool of deposited money to those who seek to borrow. Banks popularly lend money in the form of loans and mortgages.
More complex transactions than a simple bank deposit require markets where lenders and th ...
See also:Financial markets, Financial markets - Definition, Financial markets - Types of financial markets, Financial markets - Raising capital, Financial markets - Lenders, Financial markets - Borrowers, Financial markets - Derivative products, Financial markets - Currency markets, Financial markets - Financial markets in popular culture, Financial markets - Financial markets slang Read more here: » Financial markets: Encyclopedia II - Financial markets - Raising capital |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics Broadly speaking, economics is a social science, and its area of study is human activity involved in meeting needs and wants. However, beyond this there are a range of definitions, past and present which have been applied, first to the term political economy and then to the modern term economics. John Maynard Keynes once remarked that "Economics is the science of thinking." Broadly the history of the study moved from the study of "wealth" to "welfare" to the idea studying trade offs.
< ...
See also:Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economists, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Definitions of economics |
| |
| | | | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Global financial system - Institutions
Global financial system - International institutions.
The most prominent international institutions are the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO
The International Monetary Fund (http://www.imf.org/) keeps account of international balance of payments accounts of member states. The IMF acts as a lender of last resort for members in financial distress, e.g. currency crisis, problems meeting balance of payment when in deficit and debt default. Membership is based on quotas, or the amount of money a country pr ...
See also:Global financial system, Global financial system - History, Global financial system - Institutions, Global financial system - International institutions, Global financial system - Government institutions, Global financial system - Private participants, Global financial system - Legal frameworks and treatises, Global financial system - Major incidents, Global financial system - Criticism discussions and reform Read more here: » Global financial system: Encyclopedia II - Global financial system - Institutions |
| |
| | | | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Gold standard - History of the modern gold standard The adoption of gold standards proceeded gradually. This has led to conflicts between different economic historians as to when the "real" gold standard began. Sir Isaac Newton included a ratio of gold to silver in his assay of coinage in 1717 which created a relationship between gold coins and the silver penny which was to be the standard unit of account in the Law of Queen Anne; for some historians this marks the beginning of the "gold standard" in England. However, more generally accepted is that a full gold standard requires that there be ...
See also:Gold standard, Gold standard - Why gold?, Gold standard - Early coinage, Gold standard - History of the modern gold standard, Gold standard - The crisis of silver currency and bank notes 1750–1870, Gold standard - Establishment of the International Gold Standard, Gold standard - Gold Standard from peak to crisis 1901–1932, Gold standard - The Depression and Second World War 1933–1945, Gold standard - Post-war International Gold Standard 1946–1971, Gold standard - Theory, Gold standard - Differing definitions of Gold Standard, Gold standard - Effects of gold-backed currency, Gold standard - Advocates of a renewed gold standard, Gold standard - Gold as a reserve today, Gold standard - References, Gold standard - External links, Gold standard - Articles Read more here: » Gold standard: Encyclopedia II - Gold standard - History of the modern gold standard |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Trade - Organisation of trade Patterns of organising and administering trade include:
State control - trade centrally controlled by government planning.
Laws regulating Trade and establishing a framework such as trade law, tariffs, support for intellectual property, opposition to dumping.
Guild control - trade controlled by private business associations holding either de facto or government-granted power to exclude new entrants.
In contemporary times, the language has evolved to business and professional organizations, ...
See also:Trade, Trade - History of trade, Trade - Development of money, Trade - Current trends, Trade - International trade, Trade - Organisation of trade, Trade - International organizations, Trade - Types of trade, Trade - Support for trade, Trade - Notes, Trade - External link Read more here: » Trade: Encyclopedia II - Trade - Organisation of trade |
| |
| | | | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Dependency theory - Criticism While dependency theory as a purely theoretical approach to global economics still exists, to date, all attempts to use the theory to find a practical solution within its framework have failed. The reasons include, but are not limited to:
Corruption. State-owned industries tend to have a much higher rate of corruption than privately-owned companies.
Lack of competition. By subsidizing in-country industries and preventing outside imports, these companies have no incentive to improve their products, to try and become more efficient in their processes, to please cu ...
See also:Dependency theory, Dependency theory - Spread of theory, Dependency theory - Implications, Dependency theory - Criticism, Dependency theory - External link Read more here: » Dependency theory: Encyclopedia II - Dependency theory - Criticism |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Shrimp farm - Social changes Shrimp farming in many cases has far-reaching effects on the local coastal population. Especially in the boom years of the 1980s and 1990s, when the business was largely unregulated in many countries, the very fast expansion of the industry caused significant changes that sometimes were detrimental to the local population. Conflicts can be traced back to two root causes: competition for common resources such as land and water, ...
See also:Shrimp farm, Shrimp farm - History and geography, Shrimp farm - Farming methods, Shrimp farm - Life cycle of shrimps, Shrimp farm - Technologies, Shrimp farm - Hatcheries, Shrimp farm - Nurseries, Shrimp farm - Growout, Shrimp farm - Farmed species, Shrimp farm - Diseases, Shrimp farm - Economy, Shrimp farm - Socio-economic aspects, Shrimp farm - Ecological impacts, Shrimp farm - Social changes, Shrimp farm - Footnotes Read more here: » Shrimp farm: Encyclopedia II - Shrimp farm - Social changes |
| |
| | | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Franz Oppenheimer - Personal life After his study of medicine in Freiburg and Berlin, Oppenheimer was practiced as a physician in Berlin from 1886 to 1895. From 1890 onwards, he began to concern himself with sociopolitical questions and social economics. After his activity as a physician, he was editor-in-chief of the magazine Welt am Morgen, where he became acquainted with Friedrich Naumann, who was, at the time, working door-to-door for different daily papers.
In 1909, Oppenheimer earned a Ph.D. in Kiel with a thesis about economist David Ricardo. From 1909 t ...
See also:Franz Oppenheimer, Franz Oppenheimer - Personal life, Franz Oppenheimer - Ideas, Franz Oppenheimer - Writings Read more here: » Franz Oppenheimer: Encyclopedia II - Franz Oppenheimer - Personal life |
| |
| | | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Shrimp farm - Ecological impacts Shrimp farms of all types, from extensive to super-intensive, can cause severe ecological problems wherever they are located. For extensive farms, huge areas of mangroves were cleared, reducing biodiversity. During the 1980s and 1990s, about 35% of the world's mangrove forests have vanished. Shrimp farming was a major cause of this, accounting for over a third of it according to one study;[VBY01] other studies report between 5% and ...
See also:Shrimp farm, Shrimp farm - History and geography, Shrimp farm - Farming methods, Shrimp farm - Life cycle of shrimps, Shrimp farm - Technologies, Shrimp farm - Hatcheries, Shrimp farm - Nurseries, Shrimp farm - Growout, Shrimp farm - Farmed species, Shrimp farm - Diseases, Shrimp farm - Economy, Shrimp farm - Socio-economic aspects, Shrimp farm - Ecological impacts, Shrimp farm - Social changes, Shrimp farm - Footnotes Read more here: » Shrimp farm: Encyclopedia II - Shrimp farm - Ecological impacts |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Areas of study in economics Economics is usually divided into two main branches:
Microeconomics, which examines the economic behavior of individual actors such as businesses, households, and individuals, with a view to understand decision making in the face of scarcity and the consequences of these decisions.
Macroeconomics, which examines an economy as a whole with a view to understanding the interaction between economic aggregates such as national income, employment and inflation. Note that general equilibrium theory combines concepts of a macro-economic view of the economy, but does so fr ...
See also:Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economists, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Areas of study in economics |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Economics and other disciplines There is some tension between economics and theories of ethics, historically a branch of philosophy, which emphasizes how people ought to conduct ourselves and balances of rights and duties. Modern economics deals with this tension explicitly: According to some thinkers such as Mr. John Syko, a theory of economics is also, or implies also, a theory of moral reasoning. One way economists deal with this is to qualify discussions of economic choice by noting the qualifier ceteris paribus ("all other things held constant...") referring to moral or social factors that are (for the sake of a ...
See also:Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Economics and other disciplines |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Areas of study in economics Economics is usually divided into two main branches:
Microeconomics, which examines the economic behavior of individual actors such as businesses, households, and individuals, with a view to understand decision making in the face of scarcity and the consequences of these decisions.
Macroeconomics, which examines an economy as a whole with a view to understanding the interaction between economic aggregates such as national income, employment and inflation. Note that general equilibrium theory combines concepts of a macro-economic view of the economy, but does so fr ...
See also:Economics, Economics - Definitions of economics, Economics - Wealth definition, Economics - Welfare definition, Economics - Scarcity definition, Economics - Areas of study in economics, Economics - Economic assumptions, Economics - Supply and demand, Economics - Price, Economics - Scarcity, Economics - Marginalism, Economics - Value, Economics - Economic language and reasoning, Economics - Development of economic thought, Economics - Schools of economic thought, Economics - Modern 'mainstream' economics, Economics - Neoclassical economics, Economics - Post-Keynesian economics, Economics - New-Keynesian economics, Economics - Other alternatives, Economics - Economics and other disciplines Read more here: » Economics: Encyclopedia II - Economics - Areas of study in economics |
| |
| | | | | International trade: Encyclopedia II - Dependency theory - Practical Failure While dependency theory as a purely theoretical approach to global economics still exists, to date, all attempts to use the theory to find a practical solution within its framework have failed. The reasons include, but are not limited to:
Corruption. State-owned industries tend to have a much higher rate of corruption than privately-owned companies.
Lack of competition. By subsidizing in-country industries and preventing outside imports, these companies have no incentive to improve their products, to try and become more efficient in their processes, to p ...
See also:Dependency theory, Dependency theory - Spread of theory, Dependency theory - Implications, Dependency theory - Practical Failure, Dependency theory - External link Read more here: » Dependency theory: Encyclopedia II - Dependency theory - Practical Failure |
| |
| | | | | Top | » Page 4 « Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 More » | |
| |
|
|
