International Grandmaster

The title "Grandmaster" was first formally conferred by Russian Tsar Nicholas II, who in 1914 awarded it to five players (Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, Tarrasch and Marshall), who were finalists of a tournament in Saint Petersburg which he had partially funded. The tournament was won by Lasker ahead of Capablanca. FIDE first awarded the International Grandmaster title in 1950 to 27 players. These players were Bernstein, Boleslavsky, Bondarevsky, Botvinnik, Bronstein, Duras, Euwe, Fine, Flohr, Grünfeld, Keres, Kostić, Kotov, Levenfish, Lilienthal, Maroczy, Mieses, Najdorf, Ragozin, Reshevsky ...

See also:

International Grandmaster, International Grandmaster - Origin and Current Statistics, International Grandmaster - Super-grandmaster, International Grandmaster - Title Inflation

Read more here: » International Grandmaster: Encyclopedia II - International Grandmaster - Origin and Current Statistics

The people in this list are men and women who are primarily known as chess players. List of notable chess players - A. Gerald Abrahams (England, 1907–1980) Michael Adams (England, 1971– ) Utut Adianto (Indonesia, 1965– ) Andras Adorjan (Hungary, 1950– ) Simen Agdestein (Norway, 1967– ) Vladimir Akopian (Armenia, 1971– ) Semyon Alapin, (Lithuania 1856–1923) Adolf Albin (Romania, 1848–1920) Lev Alburt (Russia, USA, ...

See also:

List of notable chess players, List of notable chess players - Chess players by vocation, List of notable chess players - A, List of notable chess players - B, List of notable chess players - C, List of notable chess players - D, List of notable chess players - E, List of notable chess players - F, List of notable chess players - G, List of notable chess players - H, List of notable chess players - I, List of notable chess players - J, List of notable chess players - K, List of notable chess players - L, List of notable chess players - M, List of notable chess players - N, List of notable chess players - O, List of notable chess players - P, List of notable chess players - Q, List of notable chess players - R, List of notable chess players - S, List of notable chess players - T, List of notable chess players - U, List of notable chess players - V, List of notable chess players - W, List of notable chess players - X, List of notable chess players - Y, List of notable chess players - Z, List of notable chess players - Ø, List of notable chess players - Famous people who were/are avid chess players, List of notable chess players - Computers

Read more here: » List of notable chess players: Encyclopedia II - List of notable chess players - Chess players by vocation

The University of Texas at Dallas is a branch of the UT system, which, despite its name, is located in the Dallas suburb of Richardson, Texas. Known for its computer science, engineering and management programs among others, the average SAT scores of the school sometimes exceed that of the flagship university in the system. UTD is sometimes considered the third best Texas public institute after the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University at College Station. It is located in the heart of Telecom Corridor, and has its ...

Including:

• University of Texas at Dallas - History
• University of Texas at Dallas - Campus
• University of Texas at Dallas - Typical architecture
• University of Texas at Dallas - Landscaping
• University of Texas at Dallas - Residential housing
• University of Texas at Dallas - Building Plans
• University of Texas at Dallas - Additional information
• University of Texas at Dallas - Telecom corridor
• University of Texas at Dallas - Athletics
• University of Texas at Dallas - UTD chess team
• University of Texas at Dallas - Intramural sports
• University of Texas at Dallas - Academic programs
• University of Texas at Dallas - Notable alumni
• University of Texas at Dallas - Some notable student organizations
• University of Texas at Dallas - Recent news

Read more here: » University of Texas at Dallas: Encyclopedia - University of Texas at Dallas

Robert James "Bobby" Fischer (born March 9, 1943) is a grandmaster and former world chess champion, who on September 1, 1972, became the first American chess player to win the FIDE World Chess Championship. In 1975, he officially lost the title when FIDE, the international chess federation, refused to accept his conditions for a title defense. Garry Kasparov wrote that of all world champions of chess, the skill gap between Fischer and his contemporaries was the largest in history ^Including:

• Bobby Fischer - Early years
• Bobby Fischer - Playing career before 1967
• Bobby Fischer - Religious beliefs about 1965
• Bobby Fischer - Contending for the World Championship 1969-1972
• Bobby Fischer - The Match of the Century
• Bobby Fischer - World Champion 1972-1975
• Bobby Fischer - Publicity of chess in the United States
• Bobby Fischer - Fischer - Karpov 1975
• Bobby Fischer - Disappearance and aftermath
• Bobby Fischer - Detention in 2004 and 2005
• Bobby Fischer - Icelandic citizenship
• Bobby Fischer - Chess innovations
• Bobby Fischer - Writings of Bobby Fischer

Read more here: » Bobby Fischer: Encyclopedia - Bobby Fischer

Alexander Valeryevich Khalifman (born January 18, 1966) is a Russian chess player. He gained the International Grandmaster title in 1990 with one particularly good early result being his first place in the 1990 New York Open ahead of a host of strong players. Perhaps his most notable achievement was winning the FIDE World Chess Championship in 1999, a title he held until the following year. On the April 2005 FIDE list, he had an Elo ...

Read more here: » Alexander Khalifman: Encyclopedia - Alexander Khalifman

Master is a term that indicates a consummate level of skill, proficiency, superiority or power (mastery). The female equivalent (in limited use in modern times) is mistress. The term has a number of uses: Master (form of address). Master (Peerage of Scotland), the male heir-apparent or heir-presumptive to a title in the Peerage of Scotland. A term once used to describe the male head of a household or a male property owner in some contexts. Master's degree, a graduate degree in a sp ...

Read more here: » Master: Encyclopedia - Master

A chess problem, formally called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, presenting the solver with a particular task to be achieved. For instance, a position might be given with the instruction that white is to move first, and checkmate black in two moves against any possible defense. A person who creates such problems is known as a "composer". There is a good deal of specialized jargon used in chess ...

Including:

• Chess problem - Types of problem
• Chess problem - Beauty in chess problems
• Chess problem - Example problem
• Chess problem - Abbreviations
• Chess problem - Tournaments
• Chess problem - Composition tournaments
• Chess problem - Solving tournaments
• Chess problem - Titles

Read more here: » Chess problem: Encyclopedia - Chess problem

This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. Some of these have their own pages, like fork and pin. For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see chess problem terminology. See also: Sample chess game Chess terminology - A. Active: Describes a piece that is able to move or control many squares. See also passive. Adjournment: Suspensi ...

Including:

• Chess terminology - A
• Chess terminology - B
• Chess terminology - C
• Chess terminology - D
• Chess terminology - E
• Chess terminology - F
• Chess terminology - G
• Chess terminology - H
• Chess terminology - I
• Chess terminology - J
• Chess terminology - K
• Chess terminology - L
• Chess terminology - M
• Chess terminology - N
• Chess terminology - O
• Chess terminology - P
• Chess terminology - Q
• Chess terminology - R
• Chess terminology - S
• Chess terminology - T
• Chess terminology - U
• Chess terminology - V
• Chess terminology - W
• Chess terminology - X
• Chess terminology - Z

Read more here: » Chess terminology: Encyclopedia - Chess terminology

In July 2002, Brutus finished 3rd in the World Computer Chess Championship in Maastricht, the Netherlands. It drew two games and lost one, giving it a score of 7.0 out of 9. The loss, against Deep Junior, included a rook sacrifice for very long term compensation, which the additional computing power of Brutus could not help it to understand. In November 2003, Brutus finished 4th in the World Computer Chess Championship in Graz, Austria. It lost two games and drew one, giving it a score of 8.5 out of 11. This disappointing result left the team to find a new sponsor, whi ...

See also:

Hydra chess, Hydra chess - Tournaments

Read more here: » Hydra chess: Encyclopedia II - Hydra chess - Tournaments

José Raúl Capablanca - Early years. Referred to by many chess historians as the Mozart of chess, Capablanca was a chess prodigy whose brilliance was noted at an early age. According to Capablanca, he learned the rules of the game at the age of four by watching his father play. He said he noticed his father make an illegal move with his knight, accused him of cheating, and then demonstrated what he had done. It may be unlikely that he learned all the subtleties of en passant pawn capture, castling rules, ...

See also:

José Raúl Capablanca, José Raúl Capablanca - Chess career, José Raúl Capablanca - Early years, José Raúl Capablanca - Rapid rise, José Raúl Capablanca - World Champion, José Raúl Capablanca - Losing the title, José Raúl Capablanca - Post-championship, José Raúl Capablanca - Assessment, José Raúl Capablanca - Criticism, José Raúl Capablanca - Capablanca chess, José Raúl Capablanca - Writings

Read more here: » José Raúl Capablanca: Encyclopedia II - José Raúl Capablanca - Chess career

In its early years, FIDE had little power. This was largely because the Soviet Union refused to join, as it saw chess and politics as being inextricably bound up, and FIDE was a non-political organisation. This changed, however, when incumbent world champion Alexander Alekhine died in 1946. FIDE stepped up to organise a tournament to find a replacement, and the Soviet Union, aware that this was a process it had to be involved with, joined. From that initial 1948 tournament (won by Mikhail Botvinnik) to 1993, FIDE was the only body org ...

See also:

Fédération Internationale des Échecs, Fédération Internationale des Échecs - History, Fédération Internationale des Échecs - FIDE Presidents, Fédération Internationale des Échecs - External link

Read more here: » Fédération Internationale des Échecs: Encyclopedia II - Fédération Internationale des Échecs - History

List of Hispanics - Architects. Luis Barragán (1902–1988), 1980 Pritzker Prize Laureate. Ricardo Bofill (b. 1939), one of the main representatives of postmodern architecture. Santiago Calatrava (b. 1951), 2005 AIA Gold Medal Laureate. Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), known for his unfinished masterwork La Sagrada Familia. Ricardo Legorreta (b. 1931) Enric Miralles (1955–2000), built the Scottish Parliament ( ...

See also:

List of Hispanics, List of Hispanics - Actors, List of Hispanics - Artists, List of Hispanics - Architects, List of Hispanics - Explorers, List of Hispanics - Film directors, List of Hispanics - Leaders and politicians, List of Hispanics - Literature, List of Hispanics - A–D, List of Hispanics - E–H, List of Hispanics - I–L, List of Hispanics - M–P, List of Hispanics - Q–T, List of Hispanics - U–Z, List of Hispanics - Military, List of Hispanics - Musicians, List of Hispanics - Classical, List of Hispanics - Singers, List of Hispanics - Philosophers and humanists, List of Hispanics - Science and technology, List of Hispanics - Social scientists, List of Hispanics - Sports, List of Hispanics - Others, List of Hispanics - Lists by nationality

Read more here: » List of Hispanics: Encyclopedia II - List of Hispanics - Artists

Not surprisingly, Botvinnik continued to build on these successes and went on to hold the title of World Champion on three separate occasions (1948-57, 1958-60, 1961-63). His longevity at the top level of chess is attributed to his extreme dedication to study. Pre-match preparation and post-match analysis had not featured quite so prominently in the armoury of many of his predecessors, but this was Botvinnik's real strength. Technique over tactics, endgame mastery over opening traps. His adoption and development of solid opening lines in the ...

See also:

Mikhail Botvinnik, Mikhail Botvinnik - Early Years, Mikhail Botvinnik - World Champion, Mikhail Botvinnik - Late career

Read more here: » Mikhail Botvinnik: Encyclopedia II - Mikhail Botvinnik - World Champion

He was born February 22, 1887 in Rostov-on-Don, to a Polish Jewish family. At the age of twelve his family left Russia for Austria-Hungary and finally settled in Vienna, where Tartakower grew up. He graduated from the law faculties of the universities in Geneva and Vienna. During his studies he became interested in chess and started attending chess meetings in various cafés for chess players in Vienna. He met personally many notable masters of the time, among them Carl Schlechter, Geza Maroczy (against whom he later won what was probably hi ...

See also:

Savielly Tartakower, Savielly Tartakower - Early career, Savielly Tartakower - Chess Professional, Savielly Tartakower - Final years, Savielly Tartakower - Personality and chess contributions, Savielly Tartakower - Quotations, Savielly Tartakower - Writings of Savielly Tartakower

Read more here: » Savielly Tartakower: Encyclopedia II - Savielly Tartakower - Early career

Although a relatively new campus, it has grown by leaps and bounds. Having more room than the UT System's flagship school, University of Texas at Austin, there is lots of room for growth. A lot of the future development of the land can be found in UTD's Master Plan as created in 2003. The total lands controlled by UTD totals 866 acres (3.5 km²). With about half of that, 460 acres (1.9 km²), designated as the real limit to "campus" development. The remainder would be held and strategically subdivided and sold over time to increase the University's endowment. Univ ...

See also:

University of Texas at Dallas, University of Texas at Dallas - History, University of Texas at Dallas - Campus, University of Texas at Dallas - Typical architecture, University of Texas at Dallas - Landscaping, University of Texas at Dallas - Residential housing, University of Texas at Dallas - Building Plans, University of Texas at Dallas - Additional information, University of Texas at Dallas - Telecom corridor, University of Texas at Dallas - Athletics, University of Texas at Dallas - UTD chess team, University of Texas at Dallas - Intramural sports, University of Texas at Dallas - Academic programs, University of Texas at Dallas - Notable alumni, University of Texas at Dallas - Some notable student organizations, University of Texas at Dallas - Recent news

Read more here: » University of Texas at Dallas: Encyclopedia II - University of Texas at Dallas - Campus

The outcome of the Match of the Century cemented two milestones in Fischer's career--the ambition of being the World Chess Champion, and being the highest rated player ever according to the Elo rating system (a rating of 2780 after the Spassky match, although he had been as high as 2785 in 1971). The win over Spassky was also considered something of a Cold War propaganda victory for the United States, confirming as it did that the strongest player in the world, in a sport dominated by the Soviets since World War II, was now an iconoclastic American who defeated the ...

See also:

Bobby Fischer, Bobby Fischer - Early years, Bobby Fischer - Playing career before 1967, Bobby Fischer - Religious beliefs about 1965, Bobby Fischer - Contending for the World Championship 1969-1972, Bobby Fischer - The Match of the Century, Bobby Fischer - World Champion 1972-1975, Bobby Fischer - Publicity of chess in the United States, Bobby Fischer - Fischer - Karpov 1975, Bobby Fischer - Disappearance and aftermath, Bobby Fischer - Detention in 2004 and 2005, Bobby Fischer - Icelandic citizenship, Bobby Fischer - Chess innovations, Bobby Fischer - Writings of Bobby Fischer

Read more here: » Bobby Fischer: Encyclopedia II - Bobby Fischer - World Champion 1972-1975

There are various different types of chess problem: Directmates - white to move first and checkmate black within a specified number of moves against any defence. These are often referred to as "mate in n", where n is the number of moves within which mate must be delivered. In composing and solving competitions, directmates are further broken down into three classes: Two-movers - white to move and checkmate black in two moves against any defence Three-movers - white to move and checkmate black in no more ...

See also:

Chess problem, Chess problem - Types of problem, Chess problem - Beauty in chess problems, Chess problem - Example problem, Chess problem - Abbreviations, Chess problem - Tournaments, Chess problem - Composition tournaments, Chess problem - Solving tournaments, Chess problem - Titles

Read more here: » Chess problem: Encyclopedia II - Chess problem - Types of problem

List of Danes - Pure and Applied Mathematics. Harald Bohr A. K. Erlang, engineer, industrial and systems engineer Thomas Fincke, (1561-1656), mathematician Jørgen Pedersen Gram Piet Hein, (1905-1996) Georg Mohr, (1548-1620), mathematician Jakob Nielsen, mathematician Niels Erik Nørlund Julius Petersen, (1839-1910), mathematician Thorvald Thiele, statistician, discoverer of cumulants Caspar Wessel, (1745-18 ...

See also:

List of Danes, List of Danes - Sciences, List of Danes - Pure and Applied Mathematics, List of Danes - Computer Science, List of Danes - Astronomy, List of Danes - Physics, List of Danes - Chemistry, List of Danes - Geology, List of Danes - Biology and Genetics, List of Danes - Anatomy and Medicine, List of Danes - Economics, List of Danes - Industrial Enterprise, List of Danes - Humanities, List of Danes - Linguistics Philology and Folklore, List of Danes - Education, List of Danes - Archaeology, List of Danes - History, List of Danes - Jurisprudence, List of Danes - Philosophy, List of Danes - Literature and Journalism, List of Danes - Arts and Culture, List of Danes - Sculpture and Painting, List of Danes - Design, List of Danes - Architecture, List of Danes - Musical Theory and Composition, List of Danes - Performing Arts Theatre and Film, List of Danes - Historical Figures, List of Danes - Government statesmanship, List of Danes - Kings and Queens, List of Danes - Exploration and Cartography, List of Danes - Other, List of Danes - Sports, List of Danes - Badminton, List of Danes - Football, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders and Greenlanders, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders, List of Danes - Greenlanders

Read more here: » List of Danes: Encyclopedia II - List of Danes - Sciences

List of Danes - Faroe Islanders. Niels Finsen, physician, Nobel Prize (1903) List of Danes - Greenlanders. Rasmus Lerdorf, creator of PHP ...

See also:

List of Danes, List of Danes - Sciences, List of Danes - Pure and Applied Mathematics, List of Danes - Computer Science, List of Danes - Astronomy, List of Danes - Physics, List of Danes - Chemistry, List of Danes - Geology, List of Danes - Biology and Genetics, List of Danes - Anatomy and Medicine, List of Danes - Economics, List of Danes - Industrial Enterprise, List of Danes - Humanities, List of Danes - Linguistics Philology and Folklore, List of Danes - Education, List of Danes - Archaeology, List of Danes - History, List of Danes - Jurisprudence, List of Danes - Philosophy, List of Danes - Literature and Journalism, List of Danes - Arts and Culture, List of Danes - Sculpture and Painting, List of Danes - Design, List of Danes - Architecture, List of Danes - Musical Theory and Composition, List of Danes - Performing Arts Theatre and Film, List of Danes - Historical Figures, List of Danes - Government statesmanship, List of Danes - Kings and Queens, List of Danes - Exploration and Cartography, List of Danes - Other, List of Danes - Sports, List of Danes - Badminton, List of Danes - Football, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders and Greenlanders, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders, List of Danes - Greenlanders

Read more here: » List of Danes: Encyclopedia II - List of Danes - Faroe Islanders and Greenlanders

List of Danes - Badminton. Svend Pri, men's single, All England master 1975. Lene Køppen, women's single, World champion 1977, All England master 1979. Morten Frost, men's single, All England master 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1987. Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen, men's single, 1996 Olympic gold. Camilla Martin, women's single, World champion 1999, All England master 2002. Peter Gade, men's single, All England master 1999. List of Danes - Footbal ...

See also:

List of Danes, List of Danes - Sciences, List of Danes - Pure and Applied Mathematics, List of Danes - Computer Science, List of Danes - Astronomy, List of Danes - Physics, List of Danes - Chemistry, List of Danes - Geology, List of Danes - Biology and Genetics, List of Danes - Anatomy and Medicine, List of Danes - Economics, List of Danes - Industrial Enterprise, List of Danes - Humanities, List of Danes - Linguistics Philology and Folklore, List of Danes - Education, List of Danes - Archaeology, List of Danes - History, List of Danes - Jurisprudence, List of Danes - Philosophy, List of Danes - Literature and Journalism, List of Danes - Arts and Culture, List of Danes - Sculpture and Painting, List of Danes - Design, List of Danes - Architecture, List of Danes - Musical Theory and Composition, List of Danes - Performing Arts Theatre and Film, List of Danes - Historical Figures, List of Danes - Government statesmanship, List of Danes - Kings and Queens, List of Danes - Exploration and Cartography, List of Danes - Other, List of Danes - Sports, List of Danes - Badminton, List of Danes - Football, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders and Greenlanders, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders, List of Danes - Greenlanders

Read more here: » List of Danes: Encyclopedia II - List of Danes - Sports