internal carotid artery

A skull, or cranium, is a bony structure of Craniates which serves as the general framework for a head. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the brain against injury. Skull - Humans. In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 28 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, rigid articulations permitting very little movement. Eight bones form the neurocranium (braincase), a protective vault of bone surrounding ...

Including:

• Skull - Humans
• Skull - Development of the skull
• Skull - Pathology
• Skull - Craniometry and morphology of human skulls
• Skull - Bones of the human skull
• Skull - Other features of the skull

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In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery bifurcation. It contains numerous baroreceptors, which function as a "sampling area" for many homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure. Carotid sinus - Carotid sinus massage. Massage of the carotid sinus, or carotid sinus massage, is used to diagnose carotid sinus syncope and is sometimes useful for differentiating supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from ven ...

Including:

• Carotid sinus - Carotid sinus massage
• Carotid sinus - Disease of the carotid sinus

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The branches of the ophthalmic artery are often subdivided into an orbital group and an ocular group [1]. Ophthalmic artery - Orbital group. The orbital group, distributing vessels to the orbit and surrounding parts, includes: Lacrimal artery Supraorbital artery Posterior ethmoidal artery Anterior ethmoidal artery Internal palpebral artery Supratrochlear artery, also known as the frontal artery Dorsal nasal artery See also:

Ophthalmic artery, Ophthalmic artery - Branches, Ophthalmic artery - Orbital group, Ophthalmic artery - Ocular group, Ophthalmic artery - Structures supplied, Ophthalmic artery - Occlusion

Read more here: » Ophthalmic artery: Encyclopedia II - Ophthalmic artery - Branches

Once started, a siphon requires no additional energy to keep the liquid flowing up and out of the reservoir. The siphon works because the ultimate drain point is lower than the reservoir and the flow of liquid out the drain point creates a vacuum in the tube such that liquid is drawn up out of the reservoir. The maximum height of the intermediate point (the crest) is limited by atmospheric pressure and the density of the liquid. At the high point of the siphon, gravity tends to draw the liquid down in both directions creating a ...

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Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - Operation

In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 28 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, rigid articulations permitting very little movement. Eight bones form the neurocranium (braincase), a protective vault of bone surrounding the brain and medulla oblongata. Fourteen bones form the splanchnocranium, the bones supporting the face. Encased within the temporal bones are the six ear ossicles of the middle ear. The hyoid bone, supporting the larynx, is usually not considered as part of the skull, as it does not ...

See also:

Skull, Skull - Humans, Skull - Development of the skull, Skull - Pathology, Skull - Craniometry and morphology of human skulls, Skull - Bones of the human skull, Skull - Other features of the skull

Read more here: » Skull: Encyclopedia II - Skull - Humans

The hypoglossal nucleus extends the length of the medulla, and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protuding slightly into the fourth ventricle. In the closed medulla, the gracial and cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is less close to th ...

See also:

Hypoglossal nerve, Hypoglossal nerve - Hypoglossal nucleus, Hypoglossal nerve - Testing the hypoglossal nerve

Read more here: » Hypoglossal nerve: Encyclopedia II - Hypoglossal nerve - Hypoglossal nucleus

Bernoulli's equation may be applied to a siphon to derive the flow rate and maximum height of the siphon. Let the surface of the upper reservoir be the reference elevation. Let point A be the start point of siphon, immersed within the higher reservoir and at a depth −d below the surface of the upper reservoir. Let point B be the intermediate high point on the siphon tube at height +hB above the surface of the upper reservoir. Let point C be the drain point of the siphon at height −hC b ...

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Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - Bernoulli's equation

Biologists debate whether the siphon mechanism plays a role in blood circulation [21]. It is theorized that veins form a continuous loop with arteries such that blood flowing down veins help siphon blood up the arteries, especially in giraffes and snakes[22]. Some have concluded that the siphon mechanism aids blood circulation in giraffes [23]. Many others dispute this[24][25] and experiments sho ...

See also:

Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - Biological siphons

When applying a siphon to any application it is important that the piping be as closely sized to the requirement as possible. Using piping of too great a diameter and then throttling the flow using valves or constrictive piping appears to increase the effect of previously cited concerns over gases or vapor collecting in the crest which serve to break the vacuum. Once the vacuum is reduced the siphon effect is lost. Reducing the size of pipe used closer to requirements appears to reduce this effect and creates a more functional siphon ...

See also:

Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - Practical application

It is tolerably certain that Ctesibius was the discoverer of the principle of the siphon[9]. His student, Hero of Alexandria, wrote extensively about siphons in the treatise, Pneumatica[10]. Even before the Greeks, Egyptian reliefs from 1500 B.C. depict siphons used to extract liquids from large storage jars[11]. The siphon was first used as a weapon by the Byzantine Navy, and the most common method of deployment was to emit Greek fire, a formula of burning oil, through a large bronze tube onto enemy ships. Usually the mixture ...

See also:

Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - History

Bowl siphons are part of flush toilets. Siphon action in the bowl siphon siphons out the contents of the toilet bowl and creates the characteristic toilet "sucking" sound. Some toilets also use a siphon for the actual flush from the storage tank. An inverted siphon is not a siphon but a term applied to pipes that must dip below an obstruction to form a "U" shaped flow path, see also culvert. At no point does the siphon effect come into play; an inverted siphon will work fine in the absence of atmospheric pressure. Liquid ...

See also:

Siphon, Siphon - Operation, Siphon - Practical application, Siphon - History, Siphon - Use, Siphon - Biological siphons, Siphon - Bernoulli's equation, Siphon - Velocity, Siphon - Maximum height, Siphon - Sample building code regulations regarding back siphonage

Read more here: » Siphon: Encyclopedia II - Siphon - Use