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interferometer | A Wisdom Archive on interferometer |  | interferometer A selection of articles related to interferometer |  |
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interferometer, Interferometry, Interferometry - Interferometer, Interferometry - Related lists, Aperture synthesis, History of astronomical interferometry, Interference, Very Long Baseline Interferometry
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO interferometer |  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - HistoryThe first telescopes may have been Assyrian crystal lenses. Article
The Visby lenses tentatively suggest that the technology was known to the Arabs and Persians then to the Vikings in the 10th century. Leonard Digges is sometimes credited with the invention in England in the 1570s, but usually credit for assembling the first telescope is usually given to an unknown Dutch spectacle maker in about 1608. Some name that person as Hans Lippershey (c1570-c1619), but Jacob Metius and Zacharias Jansen also claimed to have invented a telescope ...
See also:Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - History |
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| |  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginnersWave-particle duality is considered to be one of the distinguishing characteristics of quantum mechanics, whose theoretical and experimental development has been honoured by more than a few Nobel Prizes for Physics. It has been discussed by prominent physicists for the last 100 years, from the time of Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, onwards. On the basis of Bohr's principle of complementarity, it is indeed universally accepted that the observation of two complementary properties, such as posi ...
See also:Afshar experiment, Afshar experiment - Overview, Afshar experiment - History, Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretation, Afshar experiment - Theoretical discussion in construction, Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginners, Afshar experiment - Critiques Read more here: » Afshar experiment: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginners |
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| |  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experimentIronically, after all this thought and preparation, the experiment became what might be called the most famous failed experiment to date. Instead of providing insight into the properties of the aether, it produced none of the effects to be expected if the Earth's motion produced an "aether wind". Although a small "velocity" was measured, it was far too small to be used as evidence of aether, did not seem to vary in a day/night or seasonal pattern, and was within the range of an experimental error that would allow the speed to actually be zer ...
See also:Michelson-Morley experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether, Michelson-Morley experiment - The experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout, Michelson-Morley experiment - Gravitational waves Read more here: » Michelson-Morley experiment: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - Historical interpretationHistorically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers did not like to admit the existence of a vacuum, asking themselves "how can 'nothing' be something?". Plato found the idea of a vacuum inconceivable. He believed that all physical things were instantiations of an abstract Platonic ideal, and could not imagine an "ideal" form of a vacuum. Similarly, Aristotle considered the creation of a vacuum impossible—nothing could not be something. Later Greek philosophers thought that a vacuu ...
See also:Vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum ranges, Vacuum - Perfect vacuum, Vacuum - Partial vacuum, Vacuum - Degrees of vacuum, Vacuum - Creating a vacuum, Vacuum - High vacuum, Vacuum - Ultra-high vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum in space, Vacuum - The quantum-mechanical vacuum, Vacuum - Historical interpretation Read more here: » Vacuum: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - Historical interpretation |
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| | | |  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - TypesTelescopes are broadly classified into two main types.
Optical telescopes
Radio telescopes
Optical telescopes are also divided into two types.
Galilean refracting telescopes
Newtonian reflecting telescopes
Galilean or refracting telescopes employ the refractive properties of light, and are constructed of lenses. These can be used for both terrestrial and astronomical viewing.
Newtonian or reflecting telescopes employ the reflect ...
See also:Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - Types |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - Telescope mountingsA simple telescope mount is an altitude-azimuth or altazimuth mount. It is similar to that of a surveying transit. A fork rotates in azimuth (in the horizontal plane), and bearings on the tips of the fork allow the telescope to vary in altitude (in a vertical plane). A Dobsonian mount is a type of altazimuth mount which has proven to be very popular as it is simple and inexpensive.
When using an altazimuth for astronomy, both axes must be continuously adjusted to compensate for the Earth's rotation. Even if this i ...
See also:Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - Telescope mountings |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - Research telescopesMost large research telescopes can operate as either a Cassegrain telescope (longer focal length, and a narrower field with higher magnification) or a Newtonian telescope (brighter field). They have a pierced primary mirror, a Newtonian focus, and a spider to mount a variety of replaceable secondary mirrors.
A new era of telescope making was inaugurated by the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT), with a mirror composed of six segments synthesizing a mirror of 4.5 meters diameter. This has now been replaced by a single 6.5m mirror. Its example was followed by ...
See also:Telescope, Telescope - History, Telescope - Types, Telescope - Telescope mountings, Telescope - Research telescopes, Telescope - Imperfect images, Telescope - The five Seidel aberrations, Telescope - The chromatic aberrations, Telescope - Famous optical telescopes, Telescope - Related lists Read more here: » Telescope: Encyclopedia II - Telescope - Research telescopes |
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| |  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretationThe experiment uses a setup similar to that for the double-slit experiment. In Afshar's variant, light generated by a laser passes through two closely spaced circular pinholes (not slits). After the dual pinholes, a lens refocuses the light so that the image of each pinhole is received by a separate photo-detector (Fig. 1). In this setup, a photon that goes through pinhole number one impinges only on detector number one, and similarly, if it goes through pinhole two. Therefore, if observed at the image plane, the setup is such that the ...
See also:Afshar experiment, Afshar experiment - Overview, Afshar experiment - History, Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretation, Afshar experiment - Theoretical discussion in construction, Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginners, Afshar experiment - Critiques Read more here: » Afshar experiment: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretation |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - CommunicationsThe speed of light is of relevance to communications. For example, given that the equatorial circumference of the Earth is 40,075 km and c, the theoretical shortest amount of time for a piece of information to travel half the globe is 0.067 second.
The actual transit time is longer, in part because the speed of light is slower by about 30% in an optical fibre and straight lines rarely occur in global communications situations, but also because delays are created when the signal passes thro ...
See also:Speed of light, Speed of light - Overview, Speed of light - Communications, Speed of light - Physics, Speed of light - Constant velocity from all reference frames, Speed of light - Interaction with transparent materials, Speed of light - Faster-than-light observations and experiments, Speed of light - Light-slowing experiments, Speed of light - History, Speed of light - Medieval and early modern theories, Speed of light - Measurement of the speed of light, Speed of light - Relativity Read more here: » Speed of light: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - Communications |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - HistoryUntil relatively recent times, the speed of light was largely a matter of conjecture. Empedocles maintained that light was something in motion, and therefore there had to be some time elapsed in travelling. Aristotle said that, on the contrary, "light is due to the presence of something, but it is not a movement". Furthermore, if light had a finite speed, it would have to be very great; Aristotle asserted "the strain upon our power ...
See also:Speed of light, Speed of light - Overview, Speed of light - Communications, Speed of light - Physics, Speed of light - Constant velocity from all reference frames, Speed of light - Interaction with transparent materials, Speed of light - Faster-than-light observations and experiments, Speed of light - Light-slowing experiments, Speed of light - History, Speed of light - Medieval and early modern theories, Speed of light - Measurement of the speed of light, Speed of light - Relativity Read more here: » Speed of light: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - History |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - HistoryShahriar S. Afshar's experimental work was done initially at the Institute for Radiation-Induced Mass Studies and later reproduced at Harvard University, while he was a Research Scholar there. He presented his results in a seminar talk in March 2004 entitled Waving Copenhagen Good-bye: Were the founders of Quantum Mechanics wrong? [1]. The experiment was subsequently featured in the July 24, 2004 edition of New Scientist. [2] [3][4], and published in Proc. SPIE 5866, 229-244 in July of 2005 [5] [6]. Afshar's claim ...
See also:Afshar experiment, Afshar experiment - Overview, Afshar experiment - History, Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretation, Afshar experiment - Theoretical discussion in construction, Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginners, Afshar experiment - Critiques Read more here: » Afshar experiment: Encyclopedia II - Afshar experiment - History |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - OverviewAccording to standard modern physical theory, all electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, propagates (or moves) at a constant speed in a vacuum, commonly known as the speed of light, which is a physical constant denoted as c. This speed c is also the speed of the propagation of gravity in the theory of general relativity.
One consequence of the laws of electromagnetism (such as Maxwell's equations) is that the speed c of electromagnetic radiation does not depend on the velocity of the object emitting t ...
See also:Speed of light, Speed of light - Overview, Speed of light - Communications, Speed of light - Physics, Speed of light - Constant velocity from all reference frames, Speed of light - Interaction with transparent materials, Speed of light - Faster-than-light observations and experiments, Speed of light - Light-slowing experiments, Speed of light - History, Speed of light - Medieval and early modern theories, Speed of light - Measurement of the speed of light, Speed of light - Relativity Read more here: » Speed of light: Encyclopedia II - Speed of light - Overview |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - FalloutThis result was rather astounding and not explainable by the then-current theory of wave propagation in a static aether. Several explanations were attempted, among them, that the experiment had a hidden flaw (apparently Michelson's initial belief), or that the Earth's gravitational field somehow "dragged" the aether around with it in such a way as locally to eliminate its effect. Miller would have argued that, in most if not all experiments other than his own, there was little possibility of detecting an aether wind since it was almost compl ...
See also:Michelson-Morley experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Measuring aether, Michelson-Morley experiment - The experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - The most famous failed experiment, Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout, Michelson-Morley experiment - Gravitational waves Read more here: » Michelson-Morley experiment: Encyclopedia II - Michelson-Morley experiment - Fallout |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - Vacuum in spaceMuch of outer space has the density and pressure of an almost perfect vacuum. It is cold and has no friction. The properties of the vacuum remain largely unknown.
A perfect vacuum is an ideal state that cannot practically be obtained in a laboratory, nor even in outer space, where there are a few hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter at 10−14 Pascal or 10−16 Torr.
All of the observable universe is also filled with large numbers of photons, the so-called cosmic background radiation, and quite likel ...
See also:Vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum ranges, Vacuum - Perfect vacuum, Vacuum - Partial vacuum, Vacuum - Degrees of vacuum, Vacuum - Creating a vacuum, Vacuum - High vacuum, Vacuum - Ultra-high vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum in space, Vacuum - The quantum-mechanical vacuum, Vacuum - Historical interpretation Read more here: » Vacuum: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - Vacuum in space |
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|  |  |  | interferometer: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - The quantum-mechanical vacuumEven an ideal vacuum, thought of as the complete absence of anything, will not in practice remain empty. One reason is that the walls of a vacuum chamber emit light in the form of black-body radiation: visible light if they are at a temperature of thousands of degrees, infrared light if they are cooler. If this soup of photons is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the walls, it can be said to have a particular temperature, as well as a pressure. Another reason that perfect vacuum is impossible is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle which sta ...
See also:Vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum ranges, Vacuum - Perfect vacuum, Vacuum - Partial vacuum, Vacuum - Degrees of vacuum, Vacuum - Creating a vacuum, Vacuum - High vacuum, Vacuum - Ultra-high vacuum, Vacuum - Vacuum in space, Vacuum - The quantum-mechanical vacuum, Vacuum - Historical interpretation Read more here: » Vacuum: Encyclopedia II - Vacuum - The quantum-mechanical vacuum |
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