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Intercontinental Ballistic Missile | A Wisdom Archive on Intercontinental Ballistic Missile | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile A selection of articles related to Intercontinental Ballistic Missile | |
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intercontinental ballistic missile
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Intercontinental Ballistic Missile | | | |  Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems
Atmospheric reentry - Ablative.
The type of heat shield that best protects against high heat flux is the ablative heat shield. The ablative heat shield functions by lifting the hot shock layer gas away from the heat shield's outer wall (creating a cooler boundary layer) through blowing. The overall process of reducing the heat flux experienced by the heat shield's outer wall is called blockage. Ablation causes the TPS layer to char, melt, and sublimate through the process of pyrolysis. The ga ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Bibliography, Atmospheric reentry - Publications referenced in Atmospheric Reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Important text books relevant to atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the text books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles These four shadowgraph images represent early re-entry vehicle concepts. A shadowgraph is a process that makes visible the disturbances that occur in a fluid flow at high velocity, in which light passing through a flowing fluid is refracted by the density gradients in the fluid resulting in bright and dark areas on a screen placed behind the fluid.
H. Julian Allen and A. J. Eggers, Jr. of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) made the counter-intuitive discovery in 1952 that a blunt shape (high drag) made the most eff ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Bibliography, Atmospheric reentry - Publications referenced in Atmospheric Reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Important text books relevant to atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the text books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles |
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| | | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry In 2004, aircraft designer Burt Rutan demonstrated the feasibility of an alternative or complementary approach to atmospheric reentry with the suborbital SpaceShipOne.
SpaceShipOne has what has been described as a pair of flipping wings; the spacecraft itself changes shape for reentry.
This increases drag, as the craft is now less streamlined. This results in more atmospheric gas particles hitting the spacecraft at higher altitudes than otherwise. The aircraft thus slows down more in higher atmospheric layers (which is the very ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Bibliography, Atmospheric reentry - Publications referenced in Atmospheric Reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Important text books relevant to atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the text books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Reference books Martin, John J., "Atmospheric Entry - An Introduction to Its Science and Engineering," Prentice-Hall, Old Tappan, NJ, (1966).
Regan, Frank J., "Re-Entry Vehicle Dynamics," AIAA Education Series, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., New York, ISBN 0-915928-78-7, (1984).
Regan, Frank J. and Anadakrishnan, Satya M., "Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry," AIAA Education Series, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., New York, ISBN 1-56347-048-9, (1993).
Etkin, Bernard, "Dynamics of Atmospheric Flight," John Wiley ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Reference books |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations There are four critical parameters considered when designing a vehicle for atmospheric entry:
Peak heat flux
Heat load
Peak deceleration
Peak dynamic pressure
Peak heat flux selects the TPS material. Heat load selects the thickness of the TPS material stack. Peak deceleration is of major importance for manned missions. The upper limit for manned return to Earth from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) or lunar return is 10 Gs. For martian atmospheric entry after long exposure to zero gravity, the upper limit is 4 Gs. Peak dynamic pressure can also influ ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Bibliography, Atmospheric reentry - Publications referenced in Atmospheric Reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Important text books relevant to atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the text books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations There are four critical parameters considered when designing a vehicle for atmospheric entry:
Peak heat flux
Heat load
Peak deceleration
Peak dynamic pressure
Peak heat flux selects the TPS material. Heat load selects the thickness of the TPS material stack. Peak deceleration is of major importance for manned missions. The upper limit for manned return to Earth from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) or lunar return is 10 Gs. For martian atmospheric entry after long exposure to zero gravity, the upper limit is 4 Gs. Peak dynamic pressure can also influ ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere or spherical section, Atmospheric reentry - Sphere-cone, Atmospheric reentry - Biconic, Atmospheric reentry - Non-axisymmetric shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Perfect gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Real non-equilibrium gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Frozen gas model, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal Protection Systems, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Reference books Martin, John J., "Atmospheric Entry - An Introduction to Its Science ane Engineering," Prentice-Hall, Old Tappan, NJ, (1966).
Regan, Frank J., "Re-Entry Vehicle Dynamics," AIAA Education Series, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., New York, ISBN 0-915928-78-7, (1984).
Regan, Frank J. and Anadakrishnan, Satya M., "Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry," AIAA Education Series, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., New York, ISBN 1-56347-048-9, (1993).
Etkin, Bernard, "Dynamics of Atmospheric Flight," John Wiley ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Reference books |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles These four shadowgraph images represent early re-entry vehicle concepts. A shadowgraph is a process that makes visible the disturbances that occur in a fluid flow at high velocity, in which light passing through a flowing fluid is refracted by the density gradients in the fluid resulting in bright and dark areas on a screen placed behind the fluid.
H. Julian Allen and A. J. Eggers, Jr. of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) made the counter-intuitive discovery in 1952 that a blunt shape (high drag) made the most eff ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes There are several basic shapes used in designing entry vehicles:
The simplist axisymmetric shape is the spherical section. The spherical section's aerodynamics are easy to model analytically using Newtonian impact theory. Likewise, the spherical section's heat flux can be accurately modelled with the Fay-Riddell equation. The static stability of a spherical section is assured if the vehicle's center-of-mass is upstream from the center-of-curvature (dynamic stability is more problematic). By flying at an angle-of-attack, a spher ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics An approximate rule-of-thumb used by heat shield designers for estimating peak shock layer temperature is to assume the air temperature in kelvins to be equal to the entry speed in meters per second. For example, a spacecraft entering the atmosphere at 7.8 km/s would experience a peak shock layer temperature of 7800 K. This method of estimation is a mathematical accident and a consequence of peak heat flux ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields The type of heat shield that best protects against high heat flux is the ablative heat shield. The ablative heat shield functions by lifting the hot shock layer gas away from the heat shield's outer wall (creating a cooler boundary layer) through blowing. The overall process of reducing the heat flux experienced by the heat shield's outer wall is called blockage. Ablation causes the TPS layer to char, melt, and sublimate through the process of pyrolysis. The gas produced by pyrolysis is what drives blowing and causes blo ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Introduction The technology of atmospheric reentry was a consequence of the Cold War. Ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons were legacies of World War II left to both the Soviet Union and the United States. Both nations initiated massive research and development programs to further the military capability of those technologies. However before a missile delivered nuclear weapon could be practical there lacked an essential ingredient: an atmospheric reentry technology. In theory, the nation first developing a reentry technology had a decisive milit ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Introduction |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Post World War II Military aviation in the post-war years was dominated by the needs of the Cold War. The post-war years saw the almost total conversion of combat aircraft to jet power, which resulted in enormous increases in speeds and altitudes of aircraft. Until the advent of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile major powers relied on high-altitude bombers to deliver their newly-developed nuclear deterrent; each country strove to develop the technology of bombers and the high-altitude fighters that could intercept them. The concept of air superiority began to play a heavy role in aircraft desi ...
See also:Aerial warfare, Aerial warfare - Balloon warfare, Aerial warfare - Before World War I, Aerial warfare - World War I, Aerial warfare - Between the wars, Aerial warfare - World War II, Aerial warfare - Strategic bombing, Aerial warfare - Tactical air support, Aerial warfare - Naval aviation, Aerial warfare - Post World War II, Aerial warfare - Post Cold War Read more here: » Aerial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Post World War II |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Before World War I The armies of many countries evaluated the use of aircraft for observation purposes. Naval aviation was pursued as well; several tests were made in which floatplanes were launched by catapult from ships at sea, and recovered later by crane.
The U.S. Navy had been interested in naval aviation since the turn of the 20th century. In 1910-1911, the Navy conducted experiments which proved the practicality of carrier-based aviation. On November 14, 1910, near Hampton Roads, Virginia, civilian pilot Eugene Ely took off from a wooden platform ...
See also:Aerial warfare, Aerial warfare - Balloon warfare, Aerial warfare - Before World War I, Aerial warfare - World War I, Aerial warfare - Between the wars, Aerial warfare - World War II, Aerial warfare - Strategic bombing, Aerial warfare - Tactical air support, Aerial warfare - Naval aviation, Aerial warfare - Post World War II, Aerial warfare - Post Cold War Read more here: » Aerial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Before World War I |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - World War I Initially during that war both sides made use of tethered balloons and airplanes for observation purposes, both for information gathering and directing of artillery fire. A desire to prevent enemy observation led to airplane pilots attacking other airplanes and balloons, initially with small arms carried in the cockpit, and later with machine guns mounted on the aircraft. Dogfights occurred when planes fought each other at close quarters, leading to the development of maneuvering tactics. Both sides also made use of aircraft for bombing, strafing and dropping of propaganda. The German military m ...
See also:Aerial warfare, Aerial warfare - Balloon warfare, Aerial warfare - Before World War I, Aerial warfare - World War I, Aerial warfare - Between the wars, Aerial warfare - World War II, Aerial warfare - Strategic bombing, Aerial warfare - Tactical air support, Aerial warfare - Naval aviation, Aerial warfare - Post World War II, Aerial warfare - Post Cold War Read more here: » Aerial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - World War I |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Between the wars Between 1918 and 1939 aircraft technology developed very rapidly. In 1918 most aircraft were biplanes with wooden frames, canvas skins, wire rigging and air-cooled engines. Biplanes continued to be the mainstay of air forces around the world and were used extensively in conflicts such as the Spanish Civil War. Most industrial countries also created air forces separate from the army and navy. However, by 1939 military biplanes were in the process of being replaced with metal framed monoplanes, often with stressed skins and liquid cooled engines. Top speeds had tripled; altitudes doubled (and oxygen masks become commonplace); r ...
See also:Aerial warfare, Aerial warfare - Balloon warfare, Aerial warfare - Before World War I, Aerial warfare - World War I, Aerial warfare - Between the wars, Aerial warfare - World War II, Aerial warfare - Strategic bombing, Aerial warfare - Tactical air support, Aerial warfare - Naval aviation, Aerial warfare - Post World War II, Aerial warfare - Post Cold War Read more here: » Aerial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Aerial warfare - Between the wars |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields Thermal soak is a part of almost all TPS schemes. For example, an ablative heat shield loses most of its thermal protection effectiveness when the outer wall temperature drops below the minimum necessary for pyrolysis. From that time to the end of the heat pulse, heat from the shock layer soaks into the heat shield's outer wall and would eventually convect to the payload. This outcome is prevented by ejecting the heat shield (wi ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields In some early ballistic missile RVs, e.g. the Mk-2 and the sub-orbital Mercury spacecraft, radiatively cooled TPS were used to initially store heat flux during the heat pulse and then latter radiate the heat away from the vehicle. However the technique required a considerable quantity of metal TPS (e.g. beryllium), adding greatly to the vehicle's mass. Consequently ablative and thermal soak TPS have been more common.
Some high-velocity aircraft, such as the SR-71 Blackbird and Concorde, had to deal with heating similar to that ...
See also:Atmospheric reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Introduction, Atmospheric reentry - Terminology definitions and jargon, Atmospheric reentry - Blunt body entry vehicles, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle shapes, Atmospheric reentry - Shock layer gas physics, Atmospheric reentry - Ablative heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Thermal soak heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Actively cooled heat shields, Atmospheric reentry - Feathered reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Entry vehicle design considerations, Atmospheric reentry - History's most difficult atmospheric entry, Atmospheric reentry - Notable atmospheric entry mishaps, Atmospheric reentry - Uncontrolled reentry, Atmospheric reentry - Reference books, Atmospheric reentry - Commentary about the reference books Read more here: » Atmospheric reentry: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric reentry - Passively cooled heat shields |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Industrial warfare - Communications
Industrial warfare - Equipment.
Aldis lamp
International maritime signal flags
...
See also:Industrial warfare, Industrial warfare - Total War, Industrial warfare - Conscription, Industrial warfare - Transportation, Industrial warfare - Land, Industrial warfare - Sea, Industrial warfare - Air, Industrial warfare - Communications, Industrial warfare - Equipment, Industrial warfare - Land warfare, Industrial warfare - Rifles and Artillery, Industrial warfare - Static Defense, Industrial warfare - Maneuver Warfare, Industrial warfare - Naval warfare, Industrial warfare - Ironclads and Dreadnoughts, Industrial warfare - Aircraft Carriers, Industrial warfare - Submarines, Industrial warfare - Aerial warfare, Industrial warfare - Nuclear warfare, Industrial warfare - Important Industrial Wars, Industrial warfare - Important Industrial Battles, Industrial warfare - Sources Read more here: » Industrial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Industrial warfare - Communications |
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| | | | | Intercontinental Ballistic Missile: Encyclopedia II - Industrial warfare - Land warfare
Industrial warfare - Rifles and Artillery.
Rifling
Industrial warfare - Static Defense.
Trench warfare
Industrial warfare - Maneuver Warfare.
Armoured warfare
Blitzkrieg
Deep operations
Kesselschlacht
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See also:Industrial warfare, Industrial warfare - Total War, Industrial warfare - Conscription, Industrial warfare - Transportation, Industrial warfare - Land, Industrial warfare - Sea, Industrial warfare - Air, Industrial warfare - Communications, Industrial warfare - Equipment, Industrial warfare - Land warfare, Industrial warfare - Rifles and Artillery, Industrial warfare - Static Defense, Industrial warfare - Maneuver Warfare, Industrial warfare - Naval warfare, Industrial warfare - Ironclads and Dreadnoughts, Industrial warfare - Aircraft Carriers, Industrial warfare - Submarines, Industrial warfare - Aerial warfare, Industrial warfare - Nuclear warfare, Industrial warfare - Important Industrial Wars, Industrial warfare - Important Industrial Battles, Industrial warfare - Sources Read more here: » Industrial warfare: Encyclopedia II - Industrial warfare - Land warfare |
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