intercalary

Chinese New Year (Chinese: 春節, 春节, Chūnjíe; or 農曆新年, 农历新年, Nónglì Xīnnián), also known as the Lunar New Year or the Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It consists of a period of celebrations, starting on New Year's Day, celebrated on the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar, i.e. the day of the second new moon after the day on which the winter solstice occurs, unless there is an intercalary eleventh or twelfth month in the lead-up to th ...

Including:

• Chinese New Year - New Year dates
• Chinese New Year - Traditions
• Chinese New Year - Reunion dinner
• Chinese New Year - First day of the new year
• Chinese New Year - Seventh day of the new year
• Chinese New Year - Food
• Chinese New Year - Festivities
• Chinese New Year - Greetings

Read more here: » Chinese New Year: Encyclopedia - Chinese New Year

The Gaulish Coligny Calendar was found in Coligny, Ain, France (46°23′N 5°21′E) near Lyons in 1897, along with the head of a bronze statue of a youthful male figure. It is a lunisolar calendar. It was engraved on a bronze tablet, preserved in 73 fragments, that originally was 1.48 m wide and 0.9 m high (Lambert p.111). Based on the style of lettering and the accompanying objects, it probably dates to the end of the 2nd century (Lambert p.111). It is written in Latin inscriptional capitals, and is in the Gaulish language (Duval & Pinault). The restored tablet contains sixteen vertic ...

Including:

• Coligny calendar - System
• Coligny calendar - Gaulish calendar in historical sources
• Coligny calendar - Pliny the Elder
• Coligny calendar - Julius Caesar
• Coligny calendar - Months
• Coligny calendar - Bibliography

Read more here: » Coligny calendar: Encyclopedia - Coligny calendar

Computus (Latin for computation) is the calculation of the date of Easter in the Christian calendar. The name has been used for this procedure since the early Middle Ages, as it was one of the most important computations of the age. The canonical rule is that Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the 14th day of the lunar month (the nominal full moon) that falls on or after 21 March (nominally the day of the vernal equinox). For determining the feast, Christian churches settled on a method to define a reckoned "ecclesiastic" ...

Including:

• Computus - History
• Computus - Theory
• Computus - Tabular methods
• Computus - Gregorian calendar
• Computus - Julian calendar
• Computus - Algorithms
• Computus - Gauss's algorithm
• Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm
• Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm

Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia - Computus

The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar incorporating elements of a lunar calendar with those of a solar calendar. In China today, the Gregorian Calendar is used for most day to day activities, but the Chinese calendar is still used for marking traditional holidays such as Chinese New Year (Spring Festival), Duan Wu festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, and in astrology, such as choosing the most auspicious date for a wedding or the opening of a building. Because each month follows one cycle of the moon, it is also used to determ ...

Including:

• Chinese calendar - History
• Chinese calendar - Legendary beginnings
• Chinese calendar - Early History
• Chinese calendar - The Taichuli calendar
• Chinese calendar - The True Sun and Moon
• Chinese calendar - The Gregorian Reform and the 1929 time change
• Chinese calendar - Calendar Rules
• Chinese calendar - Year Markings
• Chinese calendar - Regnal Years
• Chinese calendar - The Stem-Branch Cycle
• Chinese calendar - Solar Year versus Lunar Year
• Chinese calendar - Hours of the Day
• Chinese calendar - The Chinese Zodiac
• Chinese calendar - Solar term
• Chinese calendar - Holidays
• Chinese calendar - Purpose of the Intercalary Months
• Chinese calendar - The relevance of the calendar today
• Chinese calendar - Practical uses
• Chinese calendar - Cultural issues

Read more here: » Chinese calendar: Encyclopedia - Chinese calendar

The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to a variety of calendars used by Celtic-speaking peoples at different times in history. Celtic calendar - Neolithic Calendar?. A neolithic engraved stone found at Knowth, Ireland, may be a graphical representation of a lunar calendar. While pre-dating the Celts, Brennan (1994) speculates that it operates on the same principle as the Coligny calendar. Irish calendar, Celtic art Celtic calendar - Continental Celt ...

Including:

• Celtic calendar - Neolithic Calendar?
• Celtic calendar - Continental Celtic Calendar
• Celtic calendar - Mediaeval Irish and Welsh Calendars
• Celtic calendar - Neo-Pagan calendars

Read more here: » Celtic calendar: Encyclopedia - Celtic calendar

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam
Including:

• Islamic calendar - Pre-Islamic calendar
• Islamic calendar - Numbering the years
• Islamic calendar - Months
• Islamic calendar - Forbidding intercalary months
• Islamic calendar - Names of the Islamic months
• Islamic calendar - Names of the days of the week
• Islamic calendar - Sacred days
• Islamic calendar - Current correlations

Read more here: » Islamic calendar: Encyclopedia - Islamic calendar

The month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months (lunations) are synodic months and last ~29.53 days. From excavated tally sticks, researchers have deduced that people counted days in relation to the Moon's phases as early as the Paleolithic age. Synodic months are still the basis of many calendars. Month - Astronomical background. The moti ...

Including:

• Month - Astronomical background
• Month - Sidereal month
• Month - Tropical month
• Month - Anomalistic month
• Month - Draconic month
• Month - Synodic month
• Month - Month lengths
• Month - Calendrical consequences
• Month - Months in various calendars
• Month - Julian and Gregorian calendars
• Month - French Republican calendar
• Month - Islamic calendar
• Month - Hebrew Calendar
• Month - Hindu Calendar
• Month - Iranian/Persian calendar
• Month - Icelandic/Old Norse calendar
• Month - Notes

Read more here: » Month: Encyclopedia - Month

Computus - Gregorian calendar. This method for the computation of the date of Easter was introduced with the Gregorian calendar reform in 1582. First determine the epact for the year. The epact can have a value from "*" (=0 or 30) to 29 days. The first day of a lunar month is considered the day of the New Moon. The 14th day is considered the day of the Full Moon. The epacts for the current (anno 2003) Metonic cycle are: (M=March, A=April) This table can be extended for previous and following 19-y ...

See also:

Computus, Computus - History, Computus - Theory, Computus - Tabular methods, Computus - Gregorian calendar, Computus - Julian calendar, Computus - Algorithms, Computus - Gauss's algorithm, Computus - Meeus/Jones/Butcher Gregorian algorithm, Computus - Meeus Julian algorithm

Read more here: » Computus: Encyclopedia II - Computus - Tabular methods

Chinese calendar - Legendary beginnings. According to legend, the Chinese calendar developed during the first millennium BCE. It is said to have been invented by the first legendary ruler, Huang Di or the Yellow Emperor, who reigned, by tradition, c.2698-2599 BCE. The fourth legendary ruler, Emperor Yao, added the intercalary month. The 60-year "stem-branch" (干支 gānzhī) cycle (see "Calendar rules" below) was first used to mark years during the first century BCE. Tradition fixes the first year of the first c ...

See also:

Chinese calendar, Chinese calendar - History, Chinese calendar - Legendary beginnings, Chinese calendar - Early history, Chinese calendar - The Taichuli calendar, Chinese calendar - The true sun and moon, Chinese calendar - The Gregorian Reform and the 1929 time change, Chinese calendar - Calendar rules, Chinese calendar - Year markings, Chinese calendar - Regnal years, Chinese calendar - The stem-branch cycle, Chinese calendar - Solar year versus lunar year, Chinese calendar - Hours of the day, Chinese calendar - The Chinese zodiac, Chinese calendar - Solar term, Chinese calendar - Holidays, Chinese calendar - Purpose of the intercalary months, Chinese calendar - The relevance of the calendar today, Chinese calendar - Practical uses, Chinese calendar - Cultural issues

Read more here: » Chinese calendar: Encyclopedia II - Chinese calendar - History

Traditionally, red packets (Mandarin: 'hong bao' (紅包); Hokkien: 'ang pow' (POJ: âng-pau); Hakka: 'fung bao'; Cantonese: 'lai see' (利是)) are passed out during the Chinese New Year's celebrations, from married couples to unmarried people (usually children). Chinese New Year is celebrated with firecrackers, dragon dances and lion dances. Typically the game of mahjong is played in some families. See also:

Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year - Traditions, Chinese New Year - Reunion dinner, Chinese New Year - First day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Second day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Seventh day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Food, Chinese New Year - Festivities, Chinese New Year - Greetings, Chinese New Year - New Year dates

Read more here: » Chinese New Year: Encyclopedia II - Chinese New Year - Traditions

Epacts are used to find the date in the lunar calendar from the date in the common solar calendar. Epact - Solar and lunar years. A (solar) calendar year usually has 365 days (366 days in leap years). A lunar year usually has 12 synodic months, that last about 29+½ days (and a bit) on average. So the lunar year has months that start with the New Moon and alternate between 30 and 29 days in length, and the lunar year is counted to have 12 × 29.5 = 354 days. So the solar yea ...

See also:

Epact, Epact - Lunar calendar, Epact - Solar and lunar years, Epact - 19-year cycle, Epact - Lilian Gregorian epacts

Read more here: » Epact: Encyclopedia II - Epact - Lunar calendar

The controversy whether or not ancient Macedonia should be considered a Hellenic state is addressed variously: based on ancient sources, and on linguistic evidence. Neither approach is conclusive, Herodotus seems to assert that the Macedonian aristocracy was of Achaean origin while Macedonian people were of Dorian stock. Linguistics seems to point inconclusively to either Macedonian as an archaic form of Greek, Macedonian as part of a Graeco-Macedonian subfamily of Indo-European, or Macedonian as an in ...

See also:

Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

Read more here: » Macedon: Encyclopedia II - Macedon - Hellenic controversy

Leap seconds are necessary because time is measured utilizing stable atomic clocks (TAI or International Atomic Time), whereas the rotation of the Earth has been slowing down. Traditionally, the second has been defined as 1/86400 of a mean solar day (see solar time). This is determined by the rotation of the Earth around its axis and its orbit around the Sun; time was measured by astronomical observations. However, the solar day has gradually become 1.7 ms longer every ...

See also:

Leap second, Leap second - Reason for leap seconds, Leap second - Announcement of leap seconds, Leap second - Proposal to redefine UTC and abolish leap seconds

Read more here: » Leap second: Encyclopedia II - Leap second - Reason for leap seconds

Each month has either 29 or 30 days, but usually in no discernible order. Traditionally, the first day of each month was the day (beginning at sunset) of the first sighting of the lunar crescent (the hilal) shortly after sunset. If the hilal was not observed immediately after the 29th day of a month, either because clouds blocked its view or because the western sky was still too bright when the moon set, then the day that began at that sunset was the 30th. Such a sighting had to be made by one or more trustworthy men testifying before ...

See also:

Islamic calendar, Islamic calendar - Pre-Islamic calendar, Islamic calendar - Numbering the years, Islamic calendar - Months, Islamic calendar - Forbidding intercalary months, Islamic calendar - Names of the Islamic months, Islamic calendar - Names of the days of the week, Islamic calendar - Important dates, Islamic calendar - Current correlations

Read more here: » Islamic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Islamic calendar - Months

The Continental Celtic calendar as reconstructed from the calendars of Coligny and Villards d'Heria had the following properties: it was a lunisolar calendar, attempting to synchronize the solar year and the lunar month. the months were lunar. Scholars disagree as to whether the start of the month was the new moon or the full moon. the common lunar year contained 354 or 355 days. the calendar year began with Samonios, which is usually assumed to correspond to Old Irish Samhain, giving an autumn ...

See also:

Coligny calendar, Coligny calendar - System, Coligny calendar - Gaulish calendar in historical sources, Coligny calendar - Pliny the Elder, Coligny calendar - Julius Caesar, Coligny calendar - Months, Coligny calendar - Bibliography

Read more here: » Coligny calendar: Encyclopedia II - Coligny calendar - System

New Year season lasts fifteen days. The first week is the most important and most often celebrated with visits to friends and family as well as greetings of good luck. The celebrations end on the important and colourful Lantern Festival on the evening of the 15th day of the month. However, Chinese believe that on the third day (年初三) of the Chinese New Year it is not appropriate to visit family and friends, and call the day "chec hao" ...

See also:

Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year - New Year dates, Chinese New Year - Festivities, Chinese New Year - Days before the new year, Chinese New Year - Reunion dinner, Chinese New Year - First day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Second day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Third day and fourth of the new year, Chinese New Year - Fifth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Sixth day through the tenth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Seventh day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Eighth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Ninth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Tenth day through twelfth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Thirteenth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Fourteenth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Fifteenth day of the new year, Chinese New Year - Traditions, Chinese New Year - Greetings

Read more here: » Chinese New Year: Encyclopedia II - Chinese New Year - Festivities

Possibly the oldest material Celtic calendar is the fragmented Coligny calendar, which was discovered in Coligny, France, in 1897. It uses Roman numerals and dates to the 1st century, BC or AD, a time when the Roman Empire imposed use of the Julian Calendar in Roman Gaul. The Coligny calendar was lunisolar- a way to reconcile lunations and the solar year. The astronomical format of the calendar year that the Coligny calendar represents, may well be far older, as calendars are usually even more conservative than rites and cults. The da ...

See also:

Celtic calendar, Celtic calendar - Neolithic Calendar?, Celtic calendar - Continental Celtic Calendar, Celtic calendar - Mediaeval Irish and Welsh Calendars, Celtic calendar - Neo-Pagan calendars

Read more here: » Celtic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Celtic calendar - Continental Celtic Calendar

The motion of the Moon in its orbit is very complicated and its period is not constant. Moreover, many cultures (most notably those using the ancient Hebrew (Jewish) calendar and the Islamic calendar) start a month with the first appearance of the thin crescent of the new moon after sunset over the western horizon. The date and time of this actual observation depends on the exact geographical longitude as well as latitude, atmospheric conditions, the visual acuity of the observers, etc. Therefore the beginning and lengths of months in these ...

See also:

Month, Month - Astronomical background, Month - Sidereal month, Month - Tropical month, Month - Anomalistic month, Month - Draconic month, Month - Synodic month, Month - Month lengths, Month - Calendrical consequences, Month - Months in various calendars, Month - Julian and Gregorian calendars, Month - French Republican calendar, Month - Islamic calendar, Month - Hebrew Calendar, Month - Hindu Calendar, Month - Iranian/Persian calendar, Month - Icelandic/Old Norse calendar, Month - Notes

Read more here: » Month: Encyclopedia II - Month - Astronomical background

The World Calendar is a Perpetual calendar of 12 months consisting of exactly 364 days in each year. Every year begins on a Sunday, and ends on a Saturday. Each of the year’s four quarters are exactly 91 days. The first month of each quarter (January, April, July, and October) are 31 days. The second and third months of each quarter consist of 30 days each. The first month of each quarter always begins on a Sunday. In order to make this possible, a day must be left off the calendar in common years. This day occurs after December 30, and is deemed “Worldsday.” This “intercalary” day is not counted ...

See also:

World calendar, World calendar - Features, World calendar - Background and history, World calendar - Benefits and problems

Read more here: » World calendar: Encyclopedia II - World calendar - Features

Each month has either 29 or 30 days, but usually in no discernible order. Traditionally, the first day of each month was the day (beginning at sunset) of the first sighting of the lunar crescent (the hilal) shortly after sunset. If the hilal was not observed immediately after the 29th day of a month, either because clouds blocked its view or because the western sky was still too bright when the moon set, then the day that began at that sunset was the 30th. Such a sighting had to be made by one or more trustworthy men testifying before ...

See also:

Islamic calendar, Islamic calendar - Pre-Islamic calendar, Islamic calendar - Numbering the years, Islamic calendar - Months, Islamic calendar - Forbidding intercalary months, Islamic calendar - Names of the Islamic months, Islamic calendar - Names of the days of the week, Islamic calendar - Sacred days, Islamic calendar - Current correlations

Read more here: » Islamic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Islamic calendar - Months