Intelligence

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Intelligence

Intelligence has several different meanings: Intelligence (trait) (adjective) is the ability to solve problems Animal intelligence Artificial intelligence Intelligence (journal), a scientific journal dealing with intelligence and psychometrics Intelligence (information gathering) (noun), often including espionage Business intelligence Criminal intelligence Military intelligence Other r

Intelligence: Encyclopedia II - Intelligence trait - Psychometric intelligence Main articles: IQ, General intelligence factor Despite the variety of concepts of intelligence, the most influential approach to understanding intelligence (i.e., the one that has generated the most systematic research) is based on psychometric testing. Intelligence, narrowly defined, can be measured by intelligence tests, also called IQ (intelligence quotient) tests. Such tests are among the most accurate (reliable and valid) psychological tests. Such intelligence tests take many forms, but the common tests (Stanford-Bi ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Animal intelligence

The term animal intelligence is currently used in three distinct but overlapping ways: as a synonym for animal cognition, to refer to general or scientific discussion regarding relative differences of intelligence in different animal species to pose the question “are animals intelligent?” Animal intelligence - Cognition in animals. "Animal intelligence" may simply denote the study of cognition in animals. This was the earliest use of the term, and it is what George ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Bird intelligence

The level of intelligence in birds, as a scientific inquiry, has not been as thoroughly researched as similar questions regarding primates and other mammals. However, there is a general belief that they are more intelligent, as a class, than the reptiles, and that many species are just as intelligent as mammals of comparable size. Because birds lack forelimbs with which to modify their surroundings, it is often difficult to test for intelligence as we would define it for mammals. Traditionally, biological science has maintained that m ...

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Bird intelligence - Indications of Intelligence in Bird Species

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Emotional intelligence

Emotional Intelligence, also called EI or EQ, describes an ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of one's self, of others, and of groups. However, being a relatively new area, the definition of emotional intelligence is still in a state of flux. Some, such as Mayer (2005a) prefer to distinguish emotional knowl ...

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Emotional intelligence - Emotional quotient measures

Emotional intelligence - Criticism

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Neuroscience and intelligence

Humans have brain sizes ranging up to 2000 cm³, with the average being about 1400 cm³. Larger brains do not necessarily imply higher intelligence. This means that someone with a larger brain may be less intelligent than someone with a smaller brain. However, larger brains do correlate with higher intelligence, particularly between different species. This means that larger brains tend to be more intelligent. The sheer size of the brain is relevant for two reasons. Most obviously, a small brain simply cannot hold as many ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Intelligent design

History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalos creationism Theistic evolution Neo-Creationism Islamic creationism Intelligent design - Intelligent design movement Modern geocentrism Controversy: Creation vs. evolution ... in public education Associated articles Teach the Controversy Irreducible ...

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Intelligent design - Intelligent design in summary

Intelligent design - Concepts

Intelligent design - Intelligent design as a movement

Intelligent design - Religion and leading proponents

Intelligent design - Intelligent design debate

Intelligent design - Notes and references

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Intelligence quotient

An intelligence quotient or IQ is a score derived from a set of standardized tests developed to measure a person's cognitive abilities ("intelligence") in relation to their age group. An IQ test does not measure intelligence the way a ruler measures height (absolutely), but rather the way a race measures speed (relatively). For people living in the prevailing conditions of the developed world, IQ is highly heritable, and by adulthood the influence of family environment on IQ is undetectable. IQ test scores are correlated with measures of brain structure and function, as well as performance on ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Criminal intelligence

Criminal intelligence is information gathered, collated and disseminated by law enforcement agencies concerning types of crime and particular criminals and criminal groups. It is particularly useful when dealing with organized crime. Criminal intelligence may be gathered by using surveillance, informants, interrogation, research, or may be just picked up on the street by individual police officers. Larger law enforcement agencies often have a department which specifically deals with criminal intelligence, which is usually collated on ...

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Collective intelligence

Collective intelligence, as characterized by Tom Atlee, Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Francis Heylighen, Ron Dembo, and other theorists, is a working form of intelligence which overcomes "groupthink" and individual cognitive bias in order to allow a collective to cooperate on one process—while maintaining reliable intellectual performance. In this context, it refers to robust consensus decision making, and may properly be considered a subfield of sociology. Another CI pioneer, George Pór, author of The Quest for Collectiv ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity. Such a system is generally assumed to be a computer. Although AI has a strong science fiction connotation, it forms a vital branch of computer science, dealing with intelligent behavior, learning and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior. Examples include control, planning and scheduling, the ability to answer diagnostic and consumer questions, h ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Cetacean intelligence

Cetacean intelligence denotes the cognitive capabilities of the cetacean order of mammals and especially the various species of dolphin. Cetaceans include whales, porpoises and dolphins and while all are broadly considered intelligent, dolphins have generated the most attention as their capabilities appear to be of a different order than that of their relatives. Conclusions about the nature and magnitude of dolphin intelligence have not yet been reached. There are many different species of dolphin (see the cetacea articl ...

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Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Business intelligence

The phrase business intelligence (BI) may refer to: a set of business processes for collecting and analyzing business information. the technology used in these processes, and the information obtained from these processes. Business intelligence - BI business processes. Organizations typically gather information in order to assess the business environment, and cover fields such as marketing research, industry or market research, and competitor analysis. Competitive ...

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Business intelligence - BI software types

Business intelligence - Example

Business intelligence - Designing and implementing a business intelligence programme

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. Its headquarters are in the community of Langley in the McLean CDP of Fairfax County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C.. The CIA is part of the American Intelligence Community, which is now led by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) ...

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Central Intelligence Agency - Organization

Central Intelligence Agency - Historical operations

Central Intelligence Agency - Controversies

Central Intelligence Agency - Other

Central Intelligence Agency - Footnotes

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Artificial Intelligence series

Artificial Intelligence is a series of albums by Warp Records released in the early 1990s to exhibit the capabilities and sounds of electronic music. The series is remarkable for its inclusion of groups and individuals who would later become leaders in modern electronic music, techno, and ambient, such as Dr. Alex Paterson, Richard D. James, and Autechre. The series is also conside ...

Intelligence: Encyclopedia - Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence

CETI (Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, or more correctly METI, Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence) is a branch of SETI research that focuses on composing and deciphering messages that could theoretically be understood by another technological civilization. The best known CETI experiment was the 1974 Arecibo message composed by Frank Drake and Carl Sagan. CETI research has focused on three broad areas: mathematical languages, pictorial systems such as the Arecibo message, and algorithmic communication sy ...

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Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence - Pictorial Messages

Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence - Multi-modal Messages

Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence - Algorithmic Messages

Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence - CETI Researchers

Intelligence: Encyclopedia II - Emotional intelligence - Emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence - Mayer and Salovey and emotional intelligence. In the early 1990s, John D. Mayer and Peter Salovey published a series of papers on emotional intelligence. (Salovey and Mayer 1990) (Mayer and Salovey 1993) They suggested that the capacity to perceive and understand emotions define a new variable in personality. The Mayer-Salovey model defines emotional intelligence a ...

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Intelligence

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