instant messenger

In the early beta days of Mac OS X, Eric Peyton wanted to have an IM client which would run on this new OS. However, all of the official client vendors had not yet supported Mac OS X, so Peyton started expanding on an OPENSTEP project he had been working on, which used an open source library to connect with AIM servers. He started porting this using the new Cocoa libraries on OS X and a new IM client began to take shape. Development in the early days was fast and furious and Fire was touted by Apple as one of the keystone applications ...

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Fire instant messenger, Fire instant messenger - History

Read more here: » Fire instant messenger: Encyclopedia II - Fire instant messenger - History

Traditionally, the emoticon in Western style is written from left to right, the way one reads and writes in most Western cultures. Thus, most commonly, you'll see the eyes on the left, followed by the nose and mouth. To more easily recognise them, tilt your head towards your left shoulder (or occasionally towards your right shoulder if the "top" of the emoticon is towards the right). The smile is represented with a basic smiley :-). The colon represents the eyes, the hyphen is for the n ...

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Emoticon, Emoticon - History, Emoticon - Background, Emoticon - Creation of :-, Emoticon - Internet usage, Emoticon - Purposes, Emoticon - Western style, Emoticon - Basic examples, Emoticon - Variants, Emoticon - Head and hands emoticons, Emoticon - Posture emoticons, Emoticon - East Asian style, Emoticon - Basic examples, Emoticon - Anime style, Emoticon - Basic examples, Emoticon - Complex examples, Emoticon - Graphic emoticons

Read more here: » Emoticon: Encyclopedia II - Emoticon - Western style

Frotz is also the name of the spell in Infocom's Enchanter series. This spell causes an object to glow with light. A typical casting of the Frotz spell looks like this: > frotz spellbook There is an almost blinding flash of light as the spell book begins to glow! It slowly fades to a less painful level, but the spell book is now quite usable as a light source. ...

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Frotz, Frotz - Spell, Frotz - Game interpreter

Read more here: » Frotz: Encyclopedia II - Frotz - Spell

Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives. DSM-III-R (APA, 1987) stated that sexual contact with animals is almost never a clinically significant problem by itself (Cerrone, 1991), and therefore both this and the later DSM-IV (APA, 1994) subsumed it under the residual classification "paraphilias not otherwise specified". The first detailed studies of zoophilia date from prior to 1910. Peer reviewed research into zoophilia in its own right has happened since around 1960. There have been several si ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia

PhoneGaim is a software based on Gaim (and thus also available under the GPL) that uses the SIP protocol to be able to have voice communication over the internet via VoIP. Proteus and Adium are instant messaging clients for Mac OS X that support multiple protocols through the libgaim library. ...

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Gaim, Gaim - Features, Gaim - Plugins, Gaim - Derivatives

Read more here: » Gaim: Encyclopedia II - Gaim - Derivatives

In Virginia, the offense is a Class 1 misdemeanor[2]. The Virginia statute against harassment by computer, passed in 2000, is worded very similarly to § 18.2-427, which bans harassment "over any telephone or citizens band radio"[3]. In a famous 2004 case, an Albemarle County, Virginia man was charged with harassment by computer for pretending to be his ex-wife online and inviting men to her house, warning that she would play dumb but really wanted to have sex[4]. Although the offense did not involve harassing the ex-wife, the statute was br ...

See also:

Harassment by computer, Harassment by computer - Virginia

Read more here: » Harassment by computer: Encyclopedia II - Harassment by computer - Virginia

Online chat - Internet Relay Chat. The oldest form of online chat is Internet Relay Chat or IRC, where a user logs in using a client such as mIRC or a Java application in a web browser. IRC is built around the system of channels, which one can connect to and talk in, and different IRC servers may have different channels. IRC is an open protocol that uses TCP and is defined according to RFC 1459. IRC is one of the oldest uses of the Internet. ...

See also:

Online chat, Online chat - Types of online chat, Online chat - Internet Relay Chat, Online chat - Talkers, Online chat - ICQ and other Instant messenger programs, Online chat - Other forms of online chat that are not usually referred to as online chat, Online chat - MUDs, Online chat - Discussion boards

Read more here: » Online chat: Encyclopedia II - Online chat - Types of online chat

QQ was initially developed by Tencent Inc. in February 1999. The first release of QQ was advertised as an "Internet Pager" instant messenger, which later developed into a complete suite with features such as chatrooms, personal avatars (similar to "Meego" in MSN), internet storage, and internet dating services. Its variety of features and easy-to-use interface made it especially popular with teenagers, and QQ has since developed into the most popular instant messenger in China. ...

See also:

QQ, QQ - Usage, QQ - Usage outside China, QQ - Client, QQ - Development, QQ - Naming, QQ - Membership, QQ - Versions, QQ - TM, QQ - Commercial Service, QQ - Merchandise, QQ - Controversies and Criticisms, QQ - Keyword Filtering, QQ - QQ Group Real Name Scheme, QQ - QQ levels, QQ - Plagiarism, QQ - Adult Materials on QQ.com, QQ - Resource Hungry

Read more here: » QQ: Encyclopedia II - QQ - Development

The romanized words are normally pronounced in a somewhat anglicized way, with the following characteristics which are different than what the above discussion on spelling might indicate: Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Initial consonants. The letters p, t, k, plus the combinations kw and ts, are normally aspirated as per English; some English speakers in Hong Kong (including radio announcers) may choose to pronounce them unaspirated if the original Cantonese sounds are known to be unas ...

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Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Usage, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Spelling, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Consonants, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Vowels diphthongs and syllabic consonants, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Pronunciation in English, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Initial consonants, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Final consonants, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Vowels diphthongs and consonants

Read more here: » Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation: Encyclopedia II - Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation - Pronunciation in English

List of firsts - Geographic North Pole. First (disputed) expedition to the geographic North Pole: Robert Edwin Peary and his employee Matthew Henson and four Inuit men Ootah, Seegloo, Egingway, and Ooqueah. April 9, 1909 First people to sight it: Roald Amundsen and his sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from an aircraft piloted by Umberto Nobile, between 11 May and 13 May 1926 First people to reach it: Lt. Col. Joseph O. Fletcher and Lt. William P. Benedict landed their plane. May 3, 1952 See also:

List of firsts, List of firsts - Exploration, List of firsts - Geographic North Pole, List of firsts - Mount Everest, List of firsts - Leaders, List of firsts - Science and Phenomena, List of firsts - Space Science, List of firsts - Sports, List of firsts - Computers, List of firsts - Law and Order, List of firsts - Literature, List of firsts - Other

Read more here: » List of firsts: Encyclopedia II - List of firsts - Exploration

Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives. DSM-III-R (APA, 1987) stated that sexual contact with animals is almost never a clinically significant problem by itself (Cerrone, 1991), and therefore both this and the later DSM-IV (APA, 1994) subsumed it under the residual classification "paraphilias not otherwise specified". The first detailed studies of zoophilia date from prior to 1910. Peer reviewed research into zoophilia in its own right has happened since around 1960. There have been several si ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Legality by U.S. State, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia

IRC is an open protocol that uses TCP and optionally SSL. An IRC server can connect to other IRC servers to expand the IRC network. Users access IRC networks by connecting a client to a server. There are many client and server implementations. Most IRC servers do not require users to log in, but a user will have to set a nickname before being connected . IRC is a plaintext protocol, which means that it is fully possible (though quite inconvenient) to use IRC via a basic byte-stream client such as netcat or telnet. However, the protoco ...

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Internet Relay Chat, Internet Relay Chat - Technical information, Internet Relay Chat - Evolution, Internet Relay Chat - Channels and Modes, Internet Relay Chat - Abuse prevention: timestamping vs. nick/channel delay protocol, Internet Relay Chat - Networks and URLs, Internet Relay Chat - Clients, Internet Relay Chat - Bots, Internet Relay Chat - Bouncer, Internet Relay Chat - Modern IRC, Internet Relay Chat - Forms of abuse, Internet Relay Chat - File sharing

Read more here: » Internet Relay Chat: Encyclopedia II - Internet Relay Chat - Technical information

There are several major issues surrounding file sharing. Of these, the two most important are centralization vs decentralization and the privacy and anonymity of users. The latter takes on added importance when the legality of file-sharing is challenged by some copyright owners. A third issue is the collection and sale of data about users, using software referred to by its detractors as "spyware". In the early days, client software was protocol-specific, so one had "Napster" clients, and one had "Gnutella" clients. There is an everpre ...

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File sharing, File sharing - History, File sharing - Network architecture, File sharing - Generational classification of peer-to-peer file sharing networks, File sharing - Copyright issues

Read more here: » File sharing: Encyclopedia II - File sharing - Network architecture

Mono development platform - Class Library. The class library provides a comprehensive set of facilities for application development. They are primarily written in C#, but thanks to the Common Language Specification they can be used by any .NET language. The class library is structured into Namespaces, and deployed in shared libraries known as Assemblies. When we speak of the .NET ...

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Mono development platform, Mono development platform - History, Mono development platform - Framework Architecture, Mono development platform - Class Library, Mono development platform - Common Language Infrastructure and Common Language Specification, Mono development platform - Managed and Unmanaged Code, Mono development platform - Related projects, Mono development platform - Mono and Microsoft's patents, Mono development platform - Software developed with Mono, Mono development platform - Notes

Read more here: » Mono development platform: Encyclopedia II - Mono development platform - Framework Architecture

References to the number forty-two are common Google's calculator feature displays the number 42 when asked, "What is the answer to life, the universe, and everything?" [1] (only works with all lower-case letters). MSN's calculator does the same thing. The character of Lionel, in the PBS Kids' series Between the Lions wears a '42' on his rugby jersey sleeve. This is a deliberate homage by Christopher Cerf, as discussed in his introduction to the US Editions of The Salmon of Doubt. Fox Mulder from ...

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The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - 42, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - Hitchhiker's Guide to..., The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - Phrases, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - Characters and concepts, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - Hitchhiker's references in Doctor Who, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - Other references

Read more here: » The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references: Encyclopedia II - The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy cultural references - 42

Standard written Chinese is, in essence, written Standard Mandarin. People who speak another Chinese language (or dialect), when reading aloud, usually use their language's sound values for the characters. However, this written language sounds stilted and unnatural. Unusual for a regional (i.e., non-Mandarin) Chinese language, Cantonese has a written form, including many unique characters that are not found in standard written Chinese. Readers who do not know Cantonese often find written Cantonese odd, and even unintelligible in parts. Howev ...

See also:

Cantonese linguistics, Cantonese linguistics - Dialects of Cantonese, Cantonese linguistics - Phonology, Cantonese linguistics - Cantonese versus Mandarin, Cantonese linguistics - Written Cantonese

Read more here: » Cantonese linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Cantonese linguistics - Written Cantonese

In Terry Pratchett's novel The Truth, a group of dwarves run a printing press to create a typo-filled newspaper, intended to be named Ankh Morpork Items, but the last word was misspelled to Times. Motto: The truth shall make ye fret (sometimes frep or other misspellings of free). There have been several communities that have been devoted to them, as well as online art galleries [1][2]. ...

See also:

Typographical personification, Typographical personification - Types, Typographical personification - In fiction, Typographical personification - External link

Read more here: » Typographical personification: Encyclopedia II - Typographical personification - In fiction

The GNOME project was started in August 1997 by Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena in response to licensing concerns over software used by KDE, a free software desktop environment that relies on the Qt toolkit. At the time, Qt did not use a free software license and members of the GNU project became concerned about the use of such a toolkit for building a free software desktop and applications. Two projects were started: "Harmony", to create a Free replacement for the Qt libraries, and the GNOME project to create a new desktop without Qt and built entirely on top of free software.^{See also:}

GNOME, GNOME - Aims, GNOME - Origin, GNOME - Organisation, GNOME - Platforms, GNOME - Architecture, GNOME - Future developments, GNOME - Freedesktop.org and GNOME, GNOME - Major GNOME Applications, GNOME - Stable versions, GNOME - Source code, GNOME - Notes and references

Read more here: » GNOME: Encyclopedia II - GNOME - Origin

Zoophilia - Academic and professional. Andrea Beetz Ph.D.: Love, Violence, and Sexuality in Relationships between Humans and Animals, ISBN 3832200207 Profesors Colin J. Williams and Martin S. Weinberg: Zoophilia in Men: a study of sexual interest in animals. - in: Archives of sexual behavior, Vol. 32, No.6, December 2003, pp. 523-535 Hani Miletski Ph.D.: Bestiality - Zoophilia: An exploratory study, Diss., The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. - San Fran ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books, articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Books, articles and documentaries

Humans and animals cannot make each other pregnant, but infections due to improper cleaning could be an issue for either party. Most diseases are specific to particular species and cannot be transmitted sexually, so humans and animals cannot catch many diseases from zoosexual acts. However, a few uncommon but treatable infections (known as zoonoses) such as Brucellosis can be transferred. AIDS is fragile and only lives in primates (humans, apes and monkeys) and is not believed to survive long in other species. Animals' and humans' bodily fluids are not incompatible, but a ...

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Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Legality by U.S. State, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Health and safety

The general term zoophilia was first introduced into the field of research on sexuality by Krafft-Ebing (1894). The terms zoosexual and zoosexuality, signifying the entire spectrum of emotional and sexual attraction and/or orientation to animals, have been used since the 1980s (cited by Miletski, 1999), to suggest an analogy to homosexual or heterosexual orientations. Individuals with a strong affinity for animals but without a sexual interest can be described as "non-sexual" (or "emotional") zoophiles, but may object to the zoophile label. They are commonly ca ...

See also:

Zoophilia, Zoophilia - Terminology, Zoophilia - Extent of occurrence, Zoophilia - Legal status, Zoophilia - Legality by U.S. State, Zoophilia - Zoophiles, Zoophilia - Zoophilia as a lifestyle, Zoophilia - Non-sexual zoophilia, Zoophilia - Zoophiles and other groups, Zoophilia - Perspectives on zoophilia, Zoophilia - Psychological and research perspectives, Zoophilia - Religious perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal studies perspectives, Zoophilia - Animal rights and welfare concerns, Zoophilia - Historical and cultural perspectives, Zoophilia - Health and safety, Zoophilia - Arguments about zoophilia or zoosexuality, Zoophilia - Mythology and fantasy literature, Zoophilia - Media discussion, Zoophilia - Pornography, Zoophilia - Social community, Zoophilia - Zoo Code, Zoophilia - Other popular references, Zoophilia - Books articles and documentaries, Zoophilia - Academic and professional, Zoophilia - Other books, Zoophilia - Print and online media, Zoophilia - Television and radio

Read more here: » Zoophilia: Encyclopedia II - Zoophilia - Terminology