initiated

In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Libya on the one hand, and the United States and Britain on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were accused of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988 with the loss of 270 lives. In November 1994, Mandela offered South Africa as a neutral venue for the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial but the offer was rejected by British Prime Minister John Major. A further three years elapsed until Mandela's offer was repeated to ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy

As a young student, Mandela became involved in political opposition to the white minority government's denial of political, social, and economic rights to South Africa's black majority. Joining the African National Congress in 1942, he joined its more dynamic Youth League founded by Anton Lembede, two years later, together with Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and others. After the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party with its apartheid policy of racial segregation, Mandela was prominent in the ANC's 1952 Defianc ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Political activity

The university's mascot is the Stormy Petrel, a seabird said to have been admired by James Oglethorpe for its hardiness and courage. It is the only bird known to fly into a hurricane; the oil on its wings providing a coating against the harsh winds and rain. In March of 2002, ESPN's David Lloyd named the Stormy Petrel as one of the most memorable college mascot names of all time, second only to the Banana Slugs of UC Santa Cruz. ...

See also:

Oglethorpe University, Oglethorpe University - History, Oglethorpe University - Points of interest, Oglethorpe University - Events and traditions, Oglethorpe University - Athletics, Oglethorpe University - Publications, Oglethorpe University - Notable students and alumni

Read more here: » Oglethorpe University: Encyclopedia II - Oglethorpe University - Athletics

Vodun is a monotheistic and magical form of animism that developed among various West African ethnic groups predating historical times. The cultural area of the Fon, Gun, Mina and Ewe peoples share common metaphysical conceptions around a dual cosmological divine principle: Nana Buluku, the God-Creator and the God(s)-Actor(s) or Vodun(s), daughters and sons of the Creator's twin children Mawu (goddess of the moon) and Lisa (sun god). The God-Creator is the cosmogonical principle, who does not trifle with the mundane, and the Vodun(s) are the God(s)-Actor( ...

See also:

Voodoo, Voodoo - African origins, Voodoo - New World traditions, Voodoo - Haitian Vodou, Voodoo - Demographics

Read more here: » Voodoo: Encyclopedia II - Voodoo - African origins

The origins of Yazidism are ultimately shrouded in the mist of the ancient Middle East. Although the Yazidis speak Kurdish, their religion shows strong influence from archaic Levantine and Islamic religions. Their principal holy site is in Mosul, Iraq. The Yazidis own name for themselves is Êzidî or Êzîdî or, in some areas, Dasini (the last, strictly speaking a tribal name). Some scholars have derived the name Yazidi from Old Iranian yazata (divine being), while others say it is a derivation from Umayyad Caliph Yazid I (Ya ...

See also:

Yazidi, Yazidi - Origins, Yazidi - Religious Beliefs, Yazidi - Yazidism and Zoroastrianism, Yazidi - Organization, Yazidi - Religious Practices, Yazidi - Prayers, Yazidi - Pilgrimage, Yazidi - Festivals, Yazidi - Purity and Taboos, Yazidi - Customs, Yazidi - Myths, Yazidi - Recent History, Yazidi - Views of outsiders fiction and stereotypes, Yazidi - Academic texts about Yazidis

Read more here: » Yazidi: Encyclopedia II - Yazidi - Origins

It is alleged by some that during the regime of Saddam Hussein, Yazidis were considered to be Arabs and maneuvered to oppose the Kurds, in order to tilt the ethnic balance in northern Iraq, but this cannot be entirely substantiated. It is known, however, that the Yazidi's unique identity, despite being ethnically Kurdish, was in fact used by the Baathist regime to isolate one from the other. However, both groups fought against Baathist troops, often in joint Peshmerga units. Since the 2003 occupation of Iraq, the Kurds want the Yazidi to be recognized as ethnic Kurds ...

See also:

Yazidi, Yazidi - Origins, Yazidi - Religious Beliefs, Yazidi - Yazidism and Zoroastrianism, Yazidi - Organization, Yazidi - Religious Practices, Yazidi - Prayers, Yazidi - Pilgrimage, Yazidi - Festivals, Yazidi - Purity and Taboos, Yazidi - Customs, Yazidi - Myths, Yazidi - Recent History, Yazidi - Views of outsiders fiction and stereotypes, Yazidi - Academic texts about Yazidis

Read more here: » Yazidi: Encyclopedia II - Yazidi - Recent History

Grimassi states that his interest in Neo-paganism began in 1969, and that he was initiated into a system claiming to be Gardnerian Wicca in San Diego. Ten years later, Grimassi began teaching the "Aridian Tradition"[2], which he describes as a "modern system"[1] of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria). According to Grimassi, one of his students was Scott Cunningham. Grimassi also studied ...

See also:

Raven Grimassi, Raven Grimassi - Life, Raven Grimassi - Author, Raven Grimassi - Bibliography, Raven Grimassi - Notes and references

Read more here: » Raven Grimassi: Encyclopedia II - Raven Grimassi - Life

Oglethorpe Day February 12. Campus events celebrate the anniversary of James Oglethorpe's founding of the colony of Georgia. The annual "Petrels of Fire" race, an homage to Trinity College's Great Court Run portrayed in the movie Chariots of Fire, features students attempting to run the 270 yard perimeter of the Academic Quad before the Lupton Hall belltower finishes its noon chimes. Boar's Head First Friday of December. Modeled after the Boar's Head Gaudy of Queen's College, Oxfor ...

See also:

Oglethorpe University, Oglethorpe University - History, Oglethorpe University - Points of interest, Oglethorpe University - Events and traditions, Oglethorpe University - Athletics, Oglethorpe University - Publications, Oglethorpe University - Notable students and alumni

Read more here: » Oglethorpe University: Encyclopedia II - Oglethorpe University - Events and traditions

Queen and Paul Rodgers performed a song titled 'Say It's Not True' in their concert Return Of The Champions, which was written for Nelson Mandela. Mandela is known for his fondness of Batik textiles. He is often seen wearing Batik, even on formal occasions. Shirts in this style are fondly known as "Madiba shirts" in South Africa. In 2003, Mandela's death was incorrectly announced by CNN when his pre-written obituary (along with those of several other famous figures) was inadvertently published on CNN's web si ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Trivia

The Conant Performing Arts Center, completed in 1997, serves as the permanent home of Georgia Shakespeare. The Oglethorpe Museum of Art on the top floor of historic Lowry Hall also has achieved notoriety for a series of shows on far eastern art. In 1994, Lupton Hall, Phoebe Hearst Hall, Lowry Hall and Hermance Stadium were added to the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, the 100 acre campus was designated a National Historic District. Oglethorpe University is home to the Crypt of Civilization, the first and most complete time capsule ever created. Scheduled to be opened i ...

See also:

Oglethorpe University, Oglethorpe University - History, Oglethorpe University - Points of interest, Oglethorpe University - Events and traditions, Oglethorpe University - Athletics, Oglethorpe University - Publications, Oglethorpe University - Notable students and alumni

Read more here: » Oglethorpe University: Encyclopedia II - Oglethorpe University - Points of interest

After his retirement as President in 1999, Mandela went on to become an advocate for a variety of social and human rights organisations. He received many foreign honours, including the Order of St. John from Queen Elizabeth II and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush. As an example of his popular acclaim, in his tour of Canada in 1998, he included a speaking engagement in SkyDome in the city of Toronto where he spoke to 45,000 school children who greeted him with intense adulation. In 2001, he was the first living for ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Retirement

Yazidi - Prayers. Yazidis have five daily prayers: Nivêja berîspêdê (Dawn Prayer), Nivêja rojhelatinê (Sunrise Prayer), Nivêja nîvro (Noon Prayer), Nivêja êvarî (Afternoon Prayer), Nivêja rojavabûnê (Sunset Prayer) [5]. The worshipers should turn their face toward the sun, and for the noon prayer, they should face toward Lalish. Such prayer should be accompanied by certain gestures, including kissing the rounded neck (gerîvan) of the sacred shirt (See also:

Yazidi, Yazidi - Origins, Yazidi - Religious Beliefs, Yazidi - Yazidism and Zoroastrianism, Yazidi - Organization, Yazidi - Religious Practices, Yazidi - Prayers, Yazidi - Pilgrimage, Yazidi - Festivals, Yazidi - Purity and Taboos, Yazidi - Customs, Yazidi - Myths, Yazidi - Recent History, Yazidi - Views of outsiders fiction and stereotypes, Yazidi - Academic texts about Yazidis

Read more here: » Yazidi: Encyclopedia II - Yazidi - Religious Practices

As a young student, Mandela became involved in political opposition to the white minority government's denial of political, social, and economic rights to South Africa's black majority. Joining the African National Congress in 1942, he founded its more dynamic Youth League two years later, together with Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and others. After the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party with its apartheid policy of racial segregation, Mandela was prominent in the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 C ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Political activity

In 1961, he became the leader of the ANC's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (translated as Spear of the Nation, also abbreviated MK), which he co-founded. He co-ordinated a sabotage campaign against military and government targets, and made plans for a possible guerrilla war if sabotage failed to end apartheid. A few decades later, MK did indeed wage a guerrilla war against the regime, especially during the 1980s. Mandela also raised funds for MK abroad, and arranged for pa ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment

South Africa's first democratic elections were held on April 27, 1994. The ANC won the majority in the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated as the country's first black State President, with the National party's FW de Klerk as his deputy president in the Government of National Unity. As President, (May 1994 – June 1999), Mandela presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. However, his adminstration attracted some criticism, particularly w ...

See also:

Nelson Mandela, Nelson Mandela - Early life, Nelson Mandela - Political activity, Nelson Mandela - Arrest and imprisonment, Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa, Nelson Mandela - International diplomacy, Nelson Mandela - Marriages, Nelson Mandela - Retirement, Nelson Mandela - Orders and decorations, Nelson Mandela - Trivia, Nelson Mandela - Quotes

Read more here: » Nelson Mandela: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Mandela - ANC presidency and presidency of South Africa

In the language of the early Christians the mysteries were those religious teachings that were carefully guarded from the knowledge of the profane. An example is the Secret Gospel of Mark, which was preserved from profane view in Alexandria, and is now known only through chance references in a letter of Clement of Alexandria. The "sayings" Gospel of Thomas expresses mysteries that were confided by Jesus to Thomas alone, according to the manuscript, and the traditions of early Christian Gnosticism were based ...

See also:

Mystery religion, Mystery religion - Mystery religion, Mystery religion - Components, Mystery religion - Recorded histories, Mystery religion - Initiation, Mystery religion - Early Christians, Mystery religion - Other religious forms, Mystery religion - Examples of current mystery religions, Mystery religion - Examples of mystery religions no longer practised

Read more here: » Mystery religion: Encyclopedia II - Mystery religion - Early Christians

Motif of harmful sensation - The Nigerian phone call. Belief in the harmful sensation is still developing in urban legends. In a modern twist on the old motif in mid-2004, stories became widespread in Lagos, Nigeria that answering phone calls made from a certain number would result in instant death.[2] Motif of harmful sensation - The haunted eBay painting. A painting, Hands Resist Him [3], sold on eBay was rumored to be haunted and carrying negative powers. [4] [5] The painter, Bill Stoneham, believes that the reasons for the belief that i ...

See also:

Motif of harmful sensation, Motif of harmful sensation - Mythology and legend, Motif of harmful sensation - Viewing a deity, Motif of harmful sensation - Peeping, Motif of harmful sensation - The eye that can kill, Motif of harmful sensation - Creatures connected to the motif in Greek mythology, Motif of harmful sensation - The harp of Daghda in Celtic lore, Motif of harmful sensation - Mediaeval appearances of the motif, Motif of harmful sensation - Urban legends, Motif of harmful sensation - The Nigerian phone call, Motif of harmful sensation - The haunted eBay painting, Motif of harmful sensation - In fiction, Motif of harmful sensation - 19th century, Motif of harmful sensation - Early 20th century, Motif of harmful sensation - 1950s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1960s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1970s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1980s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1990s, Motif of harmful sensation - 2000s

Read more here: » Motif of harmful sensation: Encyclopedia II - Motif of harmful sensation - Urban legends

Vodun is a monotheistic and magical form of animism that developed among various West African ethnic groups predating historical times. The cultural area of the Fon, Gun, Mina and Ewe peoples share common metaphysical conceptions around a dual cosmological divine principle: Nana Buluku, the God-Creator and the God(s)-Actor(s) or Vodun(s), daughters and sons of the Creator's twin children Mawu (goddess of the moon) and Lisa (sun god). The God-Creator is the cosmogonical principle, who does not trifle with the mundane, and the Vodun(s) are the God(s)-Ac ...

See also:

Voodoo, Voodoo - The African Origins, Voodoo - New World Traditions, Voodoo - Haitian Vodou, Voodoo - Demographics

Read more here: » Voodoo: Encyclopedia II - Voodoo - The African Origins

Grimassi states that his interest in Neo-paganism began in 1969, and that he was initiated into a system claiming to be Gardnerian Wicca in San Diego. Ten years later, Grimassi began teaching the "Arician Tradition"[2], which he describes as a "modern system"[1] of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria). According to Grimassi, one of his students was Scott Cunningham. Grimassi also studied ...

See also:

Raven Grimassi, Raven Grimassi - Life, Raven Grimassi - Religious figure and author, Raven Grimassi - Bibliography, Raven Grimassi - Notes and references

Read more here: » Raven Grimassi: Encyclopedia II - Raven Grimassi - Life

Motif of harmful sensation - Viewing a deity. A Judeo-Christian tradition claims that viewing God's face will result in death (see Exodus 33:20). For example, when the wife of Lot defies the orders of an angel and watches God destroy a city, she is turned into a "pillar of salt" (Genesis 16–26). Death caused by seeing the true form of a deity is a common belief in mythologies. In Greek mythology, for example, when Heracles meets his father Zeus, the god appears behind the mask of a ram. Showing his true form w ...

See also:

Motif of harmful sensation, Motif of harmful sensation - Mythology and legend, Motif of harmful sensation - Viewing a deity, Motif of harmful sensation - Peeping, Motif of harmful sensation - The eye that can kill, Motif of harmful sensation - Creatures connected to the motif in Greek mythology, Motif of harmful sensation - The harp of Daghda in Celtic lore, Motif of harmful sensation - Mediaeval appearances of the motif, Motif of harmful sensation - Urban legends, Motif of harmful sensation - The Nigerian phone call, Motif of harmful sensation - The haunted eBay painting, Motif of harmful sensation - In fiction, Motif of harmful sensation - 19th century, Motif of harmful sensation - Early 20th century, Motif of harmful sensation - 1950s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1960s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1970s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1980s, Motif of harmful sensation - 1990s, Motif of harmful sensation - 2000s

Read more here: » Motif of harmful sensation: Encyclopedia II - Motif of harmful sensation - Mythology and legend