infrared radiation

Definition and meaning of IR, infrared radiation:

IR (infrared) radiation - earth-emitted radiation over thermal wavelengths: 3-15 micrometers. Used for satellite remote sensing because it can be used to monitor weather and oceanographic conditions 24 hours a day

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

This is a sitemap for Oceanography - I . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

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Oceanography Dictionary, Oceanography Dictionary - A-Z,
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Oceanography, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

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1800 - Ongoing events. French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Second Coalition/Egyptian Campaign ...

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1800, 1800 - Events, 1800 - Ongoing events, 1800 - Births, 1800 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1800: Encyclopedia II - Events

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1800 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). 1800 - Events. March 14 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected pope as Pius VII. March 21 - Pius VII is ordained. April 24 - U.S. Library of Congress founded. May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January ...

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• 1800 - Events
• 1800 - Births
• 1800 - Deaths

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Vanadium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. A rare, soft and ductile element, vanadium is found combined in certain minerals and is used mainly to produce certain alloys. Vanadium - Notable characteristics. Vanadium is a soft and ductile, gray-white metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, ...

Including:

• Vanadium - Notable characteristics
• Vanadium - Applications
• Vanadium - History
• Vanadium - Biological role
• Vanadium - Occurrence
• Vanadium - Isolation
• Vanadium - Compounds
• Vanadium - Isotopes
• Vanadium - Precautions

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Water (from the Old English word wæter; c.f German "Wasser", from PIE *wod-or, "water") is a tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless (it has a slight hint of blue) substance in its pure form that is essential to all known forms of life and is known also as the most universal solvent. Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It exists in many places and forms. It appears mostly in the oceans and polar ice caps, but also as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, water is cont ...

Including:

• Water - Molecular properties
• Water - Forms of water
• Water - Water in biology and human civilization
• Water - Astronomical position of Earth and impact on its water
• Water - Human uses of water
• Water - Water as a precious resource
• Water - Regulating water distribution
• Water - The impact of water on religion and philosophy

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Sir Wilhelm Friedrich Herschel, FRS (Hanover, November 15, 1738 – August 25, 1822 Slough, then in Buckinghamshire now in Berkshire) was a German-born British astronomer and composer who became famous for discovering the planet Uranus, and made many other astronomical discoveries. William Herschel - Biography. As Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in Hanover, Germany, one of ten children (of which four died very young). In 1755 the Hanoverian Guards regiment in whose band William and his brother Jacob were ...

Including:

• William Herschel - Biography
• William Herschel - Other astronomical work
• William Herschel - Discovery of infrared radiation
• William Herschel - Named after Herschel

Read more here: » William Herschel: Encyclopedia - William Herschel

Aerogel is a solid-state substance similar to gel where the liquid component is replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as an insulator. It is nicknamed frozen smoke, solid smoke or blue smoke due to its semi-transparent nature; however it feels like foam to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Steven Kistler in 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid inside a jelly jar wit ...

Including:

• Aerogel - Properties
• Aerogel - Silica aerogel
• Aerogel - Uses
• Aerogel - Production

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Pit Vipers are a versatile group, with members found in habitats ranging from parched desert (e.g., rattlesnakes) to rainforests (e.g., fer-de-lance) and even aquatic settings (e.g., the water moccasin). Species may be either arboreal or terrestrial. Some species may be found at elevations exceeding 1,000 metres. Although mostly nocturnal, some species are highly active by day; one example is Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, a bright green pit viper endemic to Sri Lanka with yellow and black camouflage. The majority are act ...

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Pit viper, Pit viper - Physiology, Pit viper - Habitat and behavior, Pit viper - Reproduction, Pit viper - Genera

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Vanadium is a soft and ductile, gray-white metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. Although definitely a metal, it shares with Chromium and Manganese the property of having valency oxides with acid properties. Common oxidation states of vanadium include +2, +3, +4 and +5. A popular experiment with ammonium vanadate (NH4VOSee also:

Vanadium, Vanadium - Notable characteristics, Vanadium - Applications, Vanadium - History, Vanadium - Biological role, Vanadium - Occurrence, Vanadium - Isolation, Vanadium - Compounds, Vanadium - Isotopes, Vanadium - Precautions

Read more here: » Vanadium: Encyclopedia II - Vanadium - Notable characteristics

All objects emit a certain amount of black-body radiation as a function of their temperatures. Generally speaking, the higher an object's temperature is, the more infrared radiation as black-body radiation it emits. A special camera can detect this radiation in a way similar to an ordinary camera does visible light. It works even in total darkness because ambient light level does not matter. This makes it useful for ...

See also:

Thermographic camera, Thermographic camera - Theory of operation, Thermographic camera - Types, Thermographic camera - Cooled infrared detectors, Thermographic camera - Uncooled infrared detectors, Thermographic camera - Applications for thermographic cameras, Thermographic camera - Makers of thermographic cameras

Read more here: » Thermographic camera: Encyclopedia II - Thermographic camera - Theory of operation

In the 1840s, he contributed to the Comptes Rendus a description of an electromagnetic regulator for the electric arc lamp, and, in conjunction with his friend Jules Regnauld, a paper on binocular vision. In 1850, by the use of a revolving mirror similar to that used by Sir Charles Wheatstone for measuring the speed of electric currents, he was able to demonstrate the greater speed of light in air than in water, and to establish that the speed of light in different media is inversely as the refractive indices of the media (see Fizeau- ...

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Léon Foucault, Léon Foucault - Early years, Léon Foucault - Middle years, Léon Foucault - Later years, Léon Foucault - Death and afterwards

Read more here: » Léon Foucault: Encyclopedia II - Léon Foucault - Middle years

Phonon - Mechanics of particles on a lattice. Consider a rigid regular (or "crystalline") lattice composed of N particles. (We will refer to these particles as "atoms", though in a real solid they may actually be ions.) N is some large number, say around 1023 (on the order of Avogadro's number) for a typical piece of solid. If the lattice is rigid, the atoms must be exerting forces on one another, so as to keep each atom near its equilibrium position. In real solids, these forces include ...

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Phonon, Phonon - Modelling phonons, Phonon - Mechanics of particles on a lattice, Phonon - Lattice waves, Phonon - One-dimensional phonons, Phonon - Three-dimensional phonons, Phonon - Phonon behavior and properties, Phonon - Dispersion relation, Phonon - Acoustic and optical phonons, Phonon - Crystal momentum, Phonon - Thermodynamic properties

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The key instrument of nearly all modern observational astronomy is the telescope. This serves the dual purposes of gathering more light so that very faint objects can be observed, and magnifying the image so that small and distant objects can be observed. The optics used in a telescope have very exacting requirements which require great precision in their construction. Typical requirements for grinding and polishing a curved mirror, for example, require the surface to be within a f ...

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Observational astronomy, Observational astronomy - Unaided eye, Observational astronomy - Telescopes, Observational astronomy - Optical telescopes, Observational astronomy - Other instruments, Observational astronomy - Observation tools, Observational astronomy - Observing, Observational astronomy - Related lists

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Early cultures identifed celestial objects with gods and spirits. They related these objects (and their movements) to phenomena such as rain, drought, seasons, and tides. It is generally believed that the first "professional" astronomers were priests (Magi), and that their understanding of the "heavens" was seen as "divine", hence astronomy's ancient connection to what is now called astrology. Ancient constructions with astronomical alineations (such as Stonehenge) proba ...

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History of astronomy, History of astronomy - Ancient history, History of astronomy - India, History of astronomy - Mesopotamia, History of astronomy - Sumer, History of astronomy - Chaldea Babylonia, History of astronomy - Mesoamerica, History of astronomy - Maya civilization, History of astronomy - East Asia, History of astronomy - China, History of astronomy - Ancient Greece, History of astronomy - Middle ages, History of astronomy - The Copernican revolution, History of astronomy - Physics marries astronomy, History of astronomy - Modern astronomy, History of astronomy - Cosmology and the expansion of the universe, History of astronomy - New windows into the Cosmos open

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As Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel in Hanover, Germany, one of ten children (of which four died very young). In 1755 the Hanoverian Guards regiment in whose band William and his brother Jacob were engaged was ordered to England. At the time, the crowns of England and Hanover were united under George II. He learned English quickly and, at age nineteen, he changed his name to Frederick William Herschel. He became a successful music teacher and bandleader, played the organ and the oboe, and composed numerous musical works, most ...

See also:

William Herschel, William Herschel - Biography, William Herschel - Other astronomical work, William Herschel - Discovery of infrared radiation, William Herschel - Named after Herschel

Read more here: » William Herschel: Encyclopedia II - William Herschel - Biography

Titanium is well known for its excellent corrosion resistance (almost as resistant as platinum), being able to withstand attack by acids, moist chlorine gas, and by common salt solutions. Pure titanium is not soluble in water but is soluble in concentrated acids. A metallic element, it is also well-known for its high strength-to-weight ratio. It is a light, strong metal with low density (60% as dense as steel) that, when pure, is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-free environment), easy to work, lustrous, and metallic-white in colour. T ...

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Titanium, Titanium - Notable characteristics, Titanium - Applications, Titanium - History, Titanium - Occurrence and production, Titanium - Compounds, Titanium - Isotopes, Titanium - Precautions

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There are a variety of tasks for which aerogels are used. Commercially, aerogels have been used in granular form to add insulation to skylights. After several trips on the Vomit Comet, one research team has shown that producing aerogel in a weightless environment can produce more uniform size of the particles, and reduce this Rayleigh scattering effect in silica aerogel, thus making the aerogel less blue and more transparent. Transparent silica aerogel would be very suitable as a thermal insulation material for windows, significantly limit ...

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Aerogel, Aerogel - Properties, Aerogel - Silica aerogel, Aerogel - Uses, Aerogel - Production

Read more here: » Aerogel: Encyclopedia II - Aerogel - Uses

All objects emit a certain amount of black-body radiation as a function of their temperatures. Generally speaking, the higher an object's temperature is, the more infrared radiation as black-body radiation it emits. A special camera can detect this radiation in a way similar to an ordinary camera does visible light. It works even in total darkness because ambient light level does not matter. This makes it useful for ...

See also:

Thermographic camera, Thermographic camera - Theory of operation, Thermographic camera - Types, Thermographic camera - Cooled infrared detectors, Thermographic camera - Uncooled infrared detectors, Thermographic camera - Applications for thermographic cameras, Thermographic camera - Makers of thermographic cameras, Thermographic camera - USA, Thermographic camera - UK, Thermographic camera - France, Thermographic camera - Germany, Thermographic camera - Israel, Thermographic camera - Russia

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In recent decades, the existence of the atmospheric window has become threatened by the development of highly unreactive gases containing bonds between fluorine and either carbon or sulfur. The "stretching frequencies" of bonds between fluorine and other light nonmetals are such that strong absorption in the atmospheric window will always be characteristic of compounds containing such bonds. This absorption is strengthened because these bonds are highly polar because of the extreme electronegativity of the fluorine atom. Bonds to other halogens also absorb in the ...

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Atmospheric window, Atmospheric window - Causes, Atmospheric window - Threats

Read more here: » Atmospheric window: Encyclopedia II - Atmospheric window - Threats