Influenza (or as it is commonly known, the flu or the grippe) is a contagious disease of the upper airways and the lungs, caused by an RNA virus of the orthomyxoviridae family. It rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, imposing considerable economic burden, in the form of health care costs and lost productivity. Three influenza pandemics in the 20th century, each following a major genetic ...

Including:

• Influenza - Types
• Influenza - Genetics
• Influenza - History
• Influenza - Known epidemics and pandemics - overview
• Influenza - Symptoms
• Influenza - Variability
• Influenza - Flu season
• Influenza - Prevention
• Influenza - Treatment
• Influenza - Avian influenza
• Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia - Influenza

See also:

Influenza, Influenza - History, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - How H5N1 kills, Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - Avian influenza

Genetic reassortment ("mixing") of a human flu virus with the current H5N1 avian influenza has been identified as the most likely source of the next pandemic. The natural host for influenza virus is aquatic birds. Pandemic influenza often occurs when an avian-adapted virus infects a porcine host, which can be infected by human and avian varieties of influenza A virus. The virus may then recombine within the pig, to ...

See also:

Influenza, Influenza - Types, Influenza - Genetics, Influenza - History, Influenza - Known epidemics and pandemics - overview, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - Avian influenza

There are three genera of the virus, identified by antigenic differences in their nucleoprotein and matrix protein: Influenza A viruses are known to infect humans, other mammals and birds (see also avian influenza) Influenza B viruses are known to infect humans and seals Influenza C viruses are known to infect humans and pigs [1]. The A type of influenza virus is the type most likely to cause epidemics and pandemics. This is because the influenza A virus can undergo antigenic shift and present a n ...

See also:

Influenza, Influenza - Types, Influenza - Genetics, Influenza - History, Influenza - Known epidemics and pandemics - overview, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Types

There are three genera of the virus, identified by antigenic differences in their nucleoprotein and matrix protein: Influenza A viruses are known to infect humans, other mammals and birds (see also avian influenza) Influenza B viruses are known to infect humans and seals Influenza C viruses are known to infect humans and pigs [1]. The A type of influenza virus is the type most likely to cause epidemics and pandemics. This is because the influenza A virus can undergo antigenic shift and present a n ...

See also:

Influenza, Influenza - Types, Influenza - Genetics, Influenza - History, Influenza - Known epidemics and pandemics - overview, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - Types

There were several serious outbreaks of influenza in the 20th century. The most famous (and the most lethal) was the so-called Spanish Flu pandemic (type A influenza, H1N1 strain), which lasted from 1918 to 1919, and is believed to have killed more people in total than World War I. While the war casualties accumulated over several years, the pandemic took most of its toll over a period of weeks. Lesser flu epidemics included the 1957 Asian Flu (type A, H2N2 strain) and the 1968 Hong Kong Flu (type A, H3N2 strain). Known epidemic ...

See also:

Influenza, Influenza - History, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - How H5N1 kills, Influenza - Sources

Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - History

Fever, (also known as pyrexia, or a febrile response, and archaically known as ague), is a medical symptom which describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels which are above normal (37°C, 98.6°F). Fever should not be confused with Hyperthermia, which is an increase in body temperature over the body’s thermoregulatory set-point (approximately 37°C). A fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body’s thermoregulatory set-point, which is usually ...

Including:

• Fever - Mechanism
• Fever - Types
• Fever - Treatment

Read more here: » Fever: Encyclopedia - Fever

Avian influenza (also known as bird flu, avian flu, influenzavirus A flu, type A flu, or genus A flu) is a flu due to a type of influenza virus that is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. It was first identified in Italy in the early 1900s and is now known to exist worldwide. [1] A strain of the H5N1-type of avian influenzavirus that emerged in 1997 has been identified as the most likely source of a future influenza pandemic and is known to have infected 137 people in Asia sin ...

Including:

• Avian influenza - In nonhumans
• Avian influenza - In humans
• Avian influenza - Infections
• Avian influenza - Prevention and treatment
• Avian influenza - Potential pandemic

Read more here: » Avian influenza: Encyclopedia - Avian influenza

Antigenic shift is the process by which two different strains of influenza combine to form a new subtype having a mixture of the surface antigens of the two original strains. The term antigenic shift is specific to the influenza literature; in other viral systems, the same process is called reassortment or viral shift. Antigenic shift is contrasted with antigenic drift, which is the natural mutation over time of known strains of influenza (or other things, in a more general sense) to evade the immune system. Antigenic dr ...

Including:

• Antigenic shift - Transmission of Influenza Viruses from Animals to People

Read more here: » Antigenic shift: Encyclopedia - Antigenic shift

The Mau movement was the name given to the popular nonviolent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule. Mau means "opinion" or "testimony" in Samoan. The Mau had its origins, in 1908, in a dispute between the German colonial administration and the Maloa o Samoa, or Samoan Council of Chiefs, over the establishment of a copra business owned and controlled by native Samoans. The dispute led to the formation of a resistance movement on the island of Savai'i by Mamoe, one of the chiefs deposed by the ...

Including:

• Mau movement - Influenza epidemic
• Mau movement - O.F. Nelson
• Mau movement - Civil disobedience
• Mau movement - Black Saturday
• Mau movement - Moving towards independence
• Mau movement - An American Samoa Mau

Read more here: » Mau movement: Encyclopedia - Mau movement

The fighting in World War I ended when an armistice took effect at 11:00 hours on November 11, 1918. In the aftermath of World War I the political, cultural, and social order of the world was drastically changed in many places, even outside the areas directly involved in the war. New countries were formed, old ones were altered, international organizations were established, and many new and old ideas took a firm hold in people's minds. Aftermath of World War I - Blockade of Germany. Throughout the armistice ...

Including:

• Aftermath of World War I - Blockade of Germany
• Aftermath of World War I - Treaty of Versailles
• Aftermath of World War I - Influenza pandemic
• Aftermath of World War I - Geopolitical and economic consequences
• Aftermath of World War I - Revolutions
• Aftermath of World War I - Germany
• Aftermath of World War I - Russia
• Aftermath of World War I - Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Aftermath of World War I - Ottoman Empire
• Aftermath of World War I - United Kingdom
• Aftermath of World War I - United States
• Aftermath of World War I - France
• Aftermath of World War I - Social trauma
• Aftermath of World War I - Remains of ammunition
• Aftermath of World War I - War memorials
• Aftermath of World War I - Resources
• Aftermath of World War I - Main articles

Read more here: » Aftermath of World War I: Encyclopedia - Aftermath of World War I

Flu. Respiratory disease properly named influenza. Some specific varities of influenza with a vaccination available are: A-New Caledonia, A-California, B-Shanghai. There is no vaccination for avian flu or avian influenza. Digestive-system diseases commonly called "stomach flu" (and widely misunderstood as being influenza), see Gastroenteritis flu is short for Latin flumis = "to die of respiratory disease".

Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of avian influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year, lasting until 1958. Estimates of worldwide casualty numbers vary widely, ranging from one million to four million people. Asian Flu was of the H2N2 strain (a notation that refers to the configuration of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in the virus) of type A influenza, and a flu vaccine was dev ...

Read more here: » Asian Flu: Encyclopedia - Asian Flu

The word "Avian" can refer to different things: Most commonly it is used referring to the class of animals named "birds". Avians are a fantasy race in the online game of Utopia. Avian influenza, also known as bird flu or avian flu. Ava Moore, a transgendered woman formally named Avian Moore, a fictional character from Nip/Tuck. Other related archivesAva Moore, Avian Moore, Avian influenza, Avians, Nip/Tuck, Utopia, animals, birds, class, f

Read more here: » Avian: Encyclopedia - Avian

Antigenic drift refers to mutations in the influenza virus that cause changes in the virus's surface proteins over time. Those proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) are the causes of the body's immune reaction (i.e., they are antigens). Mutations occur almost yearly in the influenza virus, and while the change might not be a major one (which would then be called an antigenic shift), they are sufficient to lessen your body's ability to protect you with antibodies. For this reason, vaccination is required on a yearly basis, with th

Read more here: » Antigenic drift: Encyclopedia - Antigenic drift

Zanamivir 5-(acetylamino)-4-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]- 2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-trideoxy- D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enonic acid Zanamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor used in the treatment of and prophylaxis of both influenza A and influenza B. Zanamivir was the first neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed. It is currently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Relenza®. Zanamivir - Development. Zanamivir was discovered in 1989 by scientists at the Austr ...

Including:

• Zanamivir - Development
• Zanamivir - Limitations
• Zanamivir - A troubled commercial venture
• Zanamivir - A prototype for others

Read more here: » Zanamivir: Encyclopedia - Zanamivir

Yarrow essential oil is a volatile oil including a chemical called proazulenes. The dark blue essential oil, extracted by steam distillation of the flowers, is generally used as an anti-inflammatory or in chest rubs for colds and influenza. Massage oil for inflamed joints, dilute 5-10 drops yarrow oil in 25ml infused St. John's wort oil. A chest rub can be made for chesty colds and influenza, combine with eucalyptus, peppermint, hyssop, or thyme oils, diluting a total of ...

Read more here: » Yarrow oil: Encyclopedia - Yarrow oil

H5N1 is a type of avian influenza virus (bird flu virus) that has mutated[7] through antigenic drift into dozens of highly pathogenic varieties, but all currently belonging to genotype Z of avian influenza virus H5N1. Genotype Z emerged through reassortment in 2002 from earlier highly pathogenic genotypes of H5N1[8] that first appeared in China in 1996 in birds and i ...

See also:

H5N1, H5N1 - Transmission and infection, H5N1 - Global spread, H5N1 - Preparations for a potential influenza pandemic, H5N1 - Technical, H5N1 - Terminology, H5N1 - H5N1 virus structure

Read more here: » H5N1: Encyclopedia II - H5N1 - Technical

Oseltamivir - Indications and dosage. Tamiflu is available from Roche in 75 mg capsules and as a powder for aqueous suspension of 12 mg/mL. According to prescription information by Roche for the United States[1], Tamiflu usage is indicated for both the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza at the following dosages. Tamiflu is indicated for the treatment of influenza in patients 1 year and older who have had symptoms for no more than two days. For influenza treatment, the standard dosage for ...

See also:

Oseltamivir, Oseltamivir - Technical information, Oseltamivir - Indications and dosage, Oseltamivir - Side effects, Oseltamivir - Chemical synthesis, Oseltamivir - Resistance, Oseltamivir - Production shortage/shikimic acid, Oseltamivir - Other actions, Oseltamivir - Pandemic fears, Oseltamivir - U.S. Government policy and oseltamivir, Oseltamivir - Personal stockpiling of Tamiflu

Read more here: » Oseltamivir: Encyclopedia II - Oseltamivir - Technical information

"[T]he United States is collaborating closely with eight international organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and 88 foreign governments to address the situation through planning, greater monitoring, and full transparency in reporting and investigating avian influenza occurrences. The United States and these international partners have led global efforts to encourage countries to heighten surveillance for ...

See also:

H5N1, H5N1 - Transmission and infection, H5N1 - Global spread, H5N1 - Preparations for a potential influenza pandemic, H5N1 - Technical, H5N1 - Terminology, H5N1 - H5N1 virus structure

Read more here: » H5N1: Encyclopedia II - H5N1 - Preparations for a potential influenza pandemic