Infibulation, in its modern use of the word, is the practice of surgical closure of the female labia majora by sewing them together to seal off the female genitalia, leaving only a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. This is usually done on young girls around the onset of puberty, to ensure chastity. It is usually linked with female circumcision, or removal of the clitoris and, usually, the labia minora as well, in order to render women theoretically less sexual. Female circumcision is often confused w ...

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Infibulation

A ritual sewing or stapling together of the labia of the genitals so as to prevent sexual intercourse. A feature in women's puberty ceremonies.

(See also: Infibulation, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Infibulation

A ritual sewing or stapling together of the labia of the genitals so as to prevent sexual intercourse. A feature in women's puberty ceremonies.

(See also: Infibulation, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Female genital cutting (FGC) refers to a number of procedures performed for cultural, rather than medical, reasons on the female genitalia. Although occasionally practiced by some doctors in the United States until 1958, in recent years it is only common in parts of Africa and by minority groups in some countries of the Middle East. Less frequently, it occurs among some immigrant communities in parts of Asia and the Pacific, North and Latin America, and Europe. Opponents of these practices use the term female genital mutilation (FG ...

Including:

• Female genital cutting - Different forms
• Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy
• Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy
• Female genital cutting - Infibulation
• Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision
• Female genital cutting - Areas of practice
• Female genital cutting - Cultural background
• Female genital cutting - Medical consequences
• Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights
• Female genital cutting - Legal status
• Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting
• Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia - Female genital cutting

The term child sexual abuse (CSA) denotes sex between prepubescent minors and adults. A perpetrator of child sexual abuse is known as a child sex offender. Most child sex offenders are male; the number of female offenders is usually reported to be between 10% and 20%, although in some studies it was found to be as high as 70%. It has a special status among forms of abuse, because it includes not only a) what is considered sexual abuse between adults, but also b) all forms ...

Including:

• Child sexual abuse - List of activities considered CSA
• Child sexual abuse - Effects of sexual abuse on children
• Child sexual abuse - Offenders
• Child sexual abuse - Typology
• Child sexual abuse - Categorization
• Child sexual abuse - Variation in cultural practices norms and research findings
• Child sexual abuse - Epidemiology
• Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse consent minors age gap and culture
• Child sexual abuse - Definition based on moral objection; relativity

Read more here: » Child sexual abuse: Encyclopedia - Child sexual abuse

Masturbation is the manual excitation of the sexual organs, most often to the point of orgasm. It can refer to excitation either by oneself or by another (see mutual masturbation), but commonly refers to such activities performed alone. It is part of a larger set of activities known as autoeroticism, which also includes the use of sex toys and non-genital stimulation. There are also masturbation machines used to simulate intercourse. Masturbation and sexual intercourse are the two most common sexual practices, but they are not mutuall ...

Including:

• Masturbation - Etymology
• Masturbation - Masturbation techniques
• Masturbation - Female
• Masturbation - Male
• Masturbation - Masturbation frequency age and sex
• Masturbation - Health and psychological effects
• Masturbation - Masturbation in history and society
• Masturbation - Antiquity
• Masturbation - Religion
• Masturbation - Philosophical arguments regarding masturbation
• Masturbation - Medical attitudes
• Masturbation - Law
• Masturbation - Euphemisms
• Masturbation - Humour and masturbation

Read more here: » Masturbation: Encyclopedia - Masturbation

Female genital cutting is today mainly practiced in African countries. It is common in a band that stretches from Senegal in West Africa to Somalia on the East coast, as well as from Egypt in the north to Tanzania in the south. In these regions, it is estimated that more than 95% of all women have undergone this procedure. It is also practiced by some groups in the Arabian peninsula [10], especially among a minority (20%) in Yemen. The practice is known to exist throughout the Middle East, though it is veiled in secrecy, unlike in par ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Areas of practice

There are several distinct practices that are all generally referred to by this name. In particular, while female genital cutting is generally thought of in the West as involving the complete destruction of the female sexual organs in an effort to eliminate the female's sexual pleasure, in some forms female circumcision is claimed to be analogous to male circumcision, in that both procedures can involve the removal of the prepuce and the frenulum. In other cases, the procedure has no tissue removal at all, but is simulated with a knif ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Different forms

Among practicing cultures, FGC is most commonly performed between the ages of four and eight. As with most plastic surgery, advocates of it believe it should be performed under hygienic conditions and with the application of an appropriate anaesthetic. However,this technology has only been available for a relatively short time, and even today the procedure is usually carried out without anesthesia and under unsanitary conditions. As with any procedure, FGC can be extremely painful and dangerous to health when not performed hygienically. Some ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Medical consequences

The subject of FGC has been addressed by many prominent authors, singers and performers across the world. Some examples: Possessing the Secret of Joy, a novel by Alice Walker Desert Flower, a novel by Waris Dirie The Years of Rice and Salt, a novel by Kim Stanley Robinson (Book Nine features extracts from fictional articles protesting female circumcision) "Cornflake Girl", a song by Tori Amos Rüdiger Nehberg Moolaadé, a film by Ousmane Sembène < ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

FGC enters human rights discourse primarily on the basis of three issues: informed consent, patriarchal oppression, and violence against women. The issue of informed consent mirrors the debate about male circumcision though with far more intensity. African feminists generally reject the imported women's rights discourse that universally adopts an assumption of male dominance, and prefer instead to realize their gender roles on their own terms. The violence against women claim is complicated by the fact that the ritual is primarily continued ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights

Issues surrounding female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation or FGM, became prominent in the English-speaking world in the latter quarter of the 20th century. Opponents of the practice became aware of female circumcision existing in some African countries. It is also practiced by some groups in the Arabian peninsula. In most cases, female circumcision is a social practice, not a religious one. Male circumcision is performed for religious or social reasons or as medical treatment (for phimosis, for example). Some cul ...

See also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision

The alterations listed below may be undertaken voluntarily by some individuals; they may also be performed for medical reasons or performed on infants or adults against their will. Any of these changes may be considered modifications or mutilations. Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue. Male Circumcision Posthectomy Frenectomy Castration Orchidectomy Penectomy Female circumcision ClitoridotomySee also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration

Despite laws forbidding the practice, FGC has proven to be an enduring tradition difficult to overcome on the local level with deeply held cultural and sometimes political significance. For instance, prohibition of the procedure among tribes in Kenya significantly strengthened resistance to British colonial rule in the 1950s and increased support for the Mau Mau guerilla movement. During that period, the practice becam ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting

Female genital cutting is primarily a social practice, not a religious one. It is today a mainly African cultural practice. It crosses the lines of various religious groups. It is found among Muslims, Christians, African Jews and Animists. [13] A number of reasons are put forward for the practice of FGC. These include the belief that it annuls or moderates sexual desires in women. It is also believed that it is more hygienic. Frequently the practice is associated with traditional i ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Cultural background

FGC is prohibited in several Western countries. Not all countries ban all types of procedure. For instance Type I procedures (for medical reasons only), and any form on adult women, are openly available in the USA, whereas, in the UK there is an outright ban even on this elective surgery taken by mature adults. In Canada, just running the risk of female genital mutilation is already sufficient reason to obtain the political asylum status. In France, in recent years several women excising minor girls have been handed prison sentences up to five years; [22] courts have also han ...

See also:

Female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Different forms, Female genital cutting - Clitoridotomy, Female genital cutting - Clitoridectomy, Female genital cutting - Infibulation, Female genital cutting - Other types of female circumcision, Female genital cutting - Areas of practice, Female genital cutting - Cultural background, Female genital cutting - Medical consequences, Female genital cutting - Female Genital Cutting and Human Rights, Female genital cutting - Legal status, Female genital cutting - Ending Forms of female genital cutting, Female genital cutting - Female genital cutting in popular culture

Read more here: » Female genital cutting: Encyclopedia II - Female genital cutting - Legal status

Clitoridectomy

The ritual removal of the clitoris, less frequently of the labia, from the vagina. In some North African Islamic traditions it forms a central part of women's rites of passage and is considered a prerequisite to marriage See also: circumcision, infibulation, initiation rituals;)

(See also: Clitoridectomy , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Almost any type of jewelry can be found in labia piercings, although rings are the most commonly used jewelery, both as intitial jewelery, and on a long term basis. Both types of labia piercings can be stretched to accommodate large jewelry, the wearing of heavy jewelry in these piercings may be a form of ongoing or temporary sexual stimulation. Both types can also be stretched to accommodate flesh tunnel or plug style jewelry. Jewelry worn in labia piercings may have a fetish puropse. Rings or other specialised jewelry may be worn to ...

See also:

Labia piercing, Labia piercing - Inner Labia, Labia piercing - Outer Labia, Labia piercing - Jewelry, Labia piercing - History and Culture

Read more here: » Labia piercing: Encyclopedia II - Labia piercing - Jewelry

In some cases, people elect to have their genitals pierced, tattooed or otherwise altered for aesthetic or other reasons. Such modifications run the gamut from single to multiple piercings, small decorative marks to complete tattooing, urethral relocation, and, in males, subincision or even complete bisection. ...

See also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration

Europeans, with the exception of the Jews, did not practice male circumcision. The Church issued a papal bull in 1442 that prohibited the practice of circumcision for all Christians [9]. ...

See also:

History of male circumcision, History of male circumcision - Circumcision in the Ancient World, History of male circumcision - Male Circumcision in the Greco-Roman World, History of male circumcision - Male Circumcision in the Renaissance, History of male circumcision - Male Circumcision in the 18th Century, History of male circumcision - Male Circumcision in the 19th Century and beyond, History of male circumcision - Male circumcision to prevent masturbation, History of male circumcision - Medical circumcision from 1870 to 1950 in English-speaking countries, History of male circumcision - Circumcision since 1950, History of male circumcision - Circumcision in the 21st century, History of male circumcision - Reference

Read more here: » History of male circumcision: Encyclopedia II - History of male circumcision - Male Circumcision in the Renaissance