Canned air, also called duster or dust off, is a product consisting of liquified difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, or tetrafluoroethane in a spray can, with a very long nozzle that enables the user to direct a precisely focused blast of air. Contrary to popular belief, the cans do not contain compressed air, as inert gases such as tetrafluoroethane are much easier to compress into liquid. It is mainly used for cleaning or dusting delicate or sensitive things such as electronics and computer equipment, as jets of ga ...

Including:

Canned air - External link

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Buffer can have refer to: Buffer solution, in chemistry, stabilizes the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid Buffer gas, an inert or nonflammable gas Buffer state, a country lying between two potentially hostile greater powers, thought to prevent conflict between them Buffer zone, any area that keeps two or more other areas distant from one another, may be demilitarized Buffer (computer science), memory used to temporarily store output or input data Buffer (telecommunication)

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A white dwarf is an astronomical object which is produced when a low or medium mass star dies. These stars are not heavy enough to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon in nucleosynthesis reactions, and after they have become a red giant during their helium-burning phase, they will shed their outer layers to form a planetary nebula, leaving behind an inert core consisting mostly of carbon and oxygen. This core has no further source of energy, and so will gradually radiate away its energy and cool down. The core ...

Including:

White dwarf - Formation White dwarf - Characteristics White dwarf - History of discoveries

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In the early part of the 20th century, experiments by Ernest Rutherford and others had established that atoms consisted of a diffuse cloud of negatively charged electrons surrounding a small, dense, positively charged nucleus. Given this experimental data, it is quite natural to consider a planetary model for the atom, with electrons orbiting a sun-like nucleus. However, a naive planetary model has several difficulties, the most serious of which is the loss of energy by synchrotron radiation. That is, a moving electric charge emits electroma ...

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Bohr model, Bohr model - History, Bohr model - Refinements, Bohr model - Electron energy levels in hydrogen, Bohr model - Energy in terms of other constants, Bohr model - Rydberg Formula, Bohr model - Shortcomings

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Several enhancements to the Bohr model were proposed; most notably the Sommerfeld model or Bohr-Sommerfeld model, which attempted to add support for elliptical orbits to the Bohr model's circular orbits. This model supplemented condition (4) with an additional radial quantization condition, the Sommerfeld-Wilson quantization condition where p is the generalized momentum conjugate to t ...

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Bohr model, Bohr model - History, Bohr model - Refinements, Bohr model - Electron energy levels in hydrogen, Bohr model - Energy in terms of other constants, Bohr model - Rydberg Formula, Bohr model - Shortcomings

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Argon is 2.5 times as soluble in water as nitrogen which is approximately the same solubility as oxygen. This highly stable chemical element is colorless and odorless in both its liquid and gaseous forms. There are few known true chemical compounds that contain argon, which is one of the reasons it was formerly called an inert gas. The creation of argon hydrofluoride (HArF), a highly unstable compound of argon with fluorine, was reported by researchers at the University ...

See also:

Argon, Argon - Notable characteristics, Argon - Applications, Argon - History, Argon - Occurrence, Argon - Compounds, Argon - Isotopes

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It is used in lighting since it will not react with the filament in a lightbulb even under high temperatures and other cases where diatomic nitrogen is an unsuitable (semi-)inert gas. Other uses; Argon is used as an inert gas shield in many forms of welding, including mig and tig (where the "I" stands for inert). as a non-reactive blanket in the manufacture of titanium and other reactive elements. as a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germanium crystals. as a gas for use in plasma g ...

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Argon, Argon - Notable characteristics, Argon - Applications, Argon - History, Argon - Occurrence, Argon - Compounds, Argon - Isotopes

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Pastel crayons or sticks, which resemble chalk, consist of pure pigment combined with an inert binder, such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth, or methyl cellulose. They are available in varying degrees of hardness, the softer varieties being wrapped in paper. The colors are simply drawn onto the artwork surface, usually paper. The available pastel media can be subdivided as follows: Hard pastels — These have a higher portion of binder and less pigment, producing a sharp drawing material that is useful for fine detail ...

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Pastel, Pastel - Media, Pastel - Artists

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Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), or tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is a manual welding process that uses a non-consumable electrode made of tungsten, an inert or semi-inert gas mixture, and a separate filler material. Especially useful for welding thin materials, this method is characterized by a stable arc and high quality welds, but it requires significant operator skill and can only be accomplished at relatively low speeds. It can be used on nearly all weldable metals, though it is most often applied to stainless steel and light metals ...

See also:

Arc welding, Arc welding - Development, Arc welding - Power supplies, Arc welding - Consumable electrode methods, Arc welding - Non-consumable electrode methods, Arc welding - Corrosion issues, Arc welding - Safety issues

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Wire is often reduced to the desired diameter and properties by repeated drawing through progressively smaller dies. The wire may be heated to red heat in an inert atmosphere to soften it, and then cooled, in a process called annealing. An inert atmosphere is used to prevent oxidation, although some scaling always occurs and must be removed by 'pickling' before the wire is redrawn. An important point in wire-drawing is that of lubrication to facilitate the operation and to lessen the wear on the dies. Various lubricants, such as oil, ...

See also:

Wire, Wire - History of wire production, Wire - Drawing wire, Wire - Finishing covering and insulating

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Fluorosulfuric acid is prepared by the reaction: SO3 + HF = FSO3H, or by treating KHF2 or CaF2 with oleum at ~250 degrees celcius. When freed from HF by sweeping with an inert gas, it can be distilled in glass apparatus [1]. ...

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Fluorosulfuric acid, Fluorosulfuric acid - Chemical properties, Fluorosulfuric acid - Production, Fluorosulfuric acid - Applications, Fluorosulfuric acid - Safety

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NERA and NxRA operate similarly to explosive reactive armour, but without the explosive liner. Two metal face plates sandwich an inert liner, such as rubber. When struck by a shaped charge metal jet, some of the impact energy is dissipated into the inert liner layer, and that causes a localized bending or bulging of the face plates in the area of the impact. As the plates bulge, the point of jet impact shifts with the plate bulging, increasing the effective thickness of the armour. This is almost the same mechanism as the second mechanism that explosive reactive armour uses, but it u ...

See also:

Reactive armour, Reactive armour - Explosive Reactive Armour, Reactive armour - Non-Explosive and Non-Energetic Reactive Armour, Reactive armour - Electric reactive armour

Read more here: » Reactive armour: Encyclopedia II - Reactive armour - Non-Explosive and Non-Energetic Reactive Armour

NERA and NxRA operate similarly to explosive reactive armour, but without the explosive liner. Two metal plates sandwich an inert liner, such as rubber. When struck by a shaped charge's metal jet, some of the impact energy is dissipated into the inert liner layer, and the resulting high pressure causes a localized bending or bulging of the plates in the area of the impact. As the plates bulge, the point of jet impact shifts with the plate bulging, increasing the effective thickness of the armour. This is almost the same mechanism as the second mechanism that explosive reactive a ...

See also:

Reactive armour, Reactive armour - Explosive Reactive Armour, Reactive armour - Non-Explosive and Non-Energetic Reactive Armour, Reactive armour - Electric reactive armour

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Due to the communication between the atria that occurs with ASDs, a number of disease entities are possible. Atrial septal defect - Decompression sickness. ASDs, and particularly PFOs, are a predisposing risk factor for decompression sickness in divers because a proportion of venous blood carrying inert gases, such as helium or nitrogen does not pass through the lungs.6,7 The only way to release the excess inert gases from the body is to pass the blood carrying the inert gases through the lungs ...

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Atrial septal defect, Atrial septal defect - Pathophysiology, Atrial septal defect - Epidemiology, Atrial septal defect - Types of atrial septal defects, Atrial septal defect - Ostium secundum atrial septal defect, Atrial septal defect - Ostium primum atrial septal defect, Atrial septal defect - Sinus venosus atrial septal defect, Atrial septal defect - Common or single atrium, Atrial septal defect - Diagnosis, Atrial septal defect - Diagnosis in children, Atrial septal defect - Diagnosis in adults, Atrial septal defect - Treatment, Atrial septal defect - Evaluation prior to correction, Atrial septal defect - Surgical ASD closure, Atrial septal defect - Percutaneous ASD closure, Atrial septal defect - Associated conditions, Atrial septal defect - Decompression sickness, Atrial septal defect - Paradoxical emboli, Atrial septal defect - Migraine

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Welding - Arc welding. Arc welding processes use a welding power supply to create and maintain an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and fille ...

See also:

Welding, Welding - History, Welding - Welding processes, Welding - Arc welding, Welding - Gas welding, Welding - Resistance welding, Welding - Energy beam welding, Welding - Solid-state welding, Welding - Geometry, Welding - Quality, Welding - Heat-affected zone, Welding - Distortion and cracking, Welding - Weldability, Welding - Unusual conditions, Welding - Safety issues, Welding - Costs and trends, Welding - Notes

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Like all electrochemical cells, the dry cell gets its electrical energy from an internal chemical reaction which takes the form of two half-cell reactions. The electrolyte in the cell consists of ammonium chloride, manganese(IV) oxide, finely granulated carbon and an inert filler which is usually starch. The ammonia from the ammonium ions forms the complex ion Zn(NH3)42+ with the Zn2+ preventing buildup of Zn ions which would result in r ...

See also:

Dry cell, Dry cell - Overview, Dry cell - Usage, Dry cell - Chemistry, Dry cell - Oxidation, Dry cell - Reduction, Dry cell - Gas absorption, Dry cell - Practical considerations, Dry cell - History

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Administratium, the heaviest known element, has no protons or electrons and thus has an atomic number of 0. However, it does have one neutron, 125 assistant neutrons, 75 vice-neutrons, and 111 assistant vice-neutrons. This gives it a mass number of 312. These 312 particles are held together in a nucleus by a force that involves the continuous exchange of particles called morons. Since it has no electrons, administratium is totally inert. However, it can be detected chemically, since it impedes every reaction with which it comes ...

See also:

Administratium, Administratium - A common version of Administratium's description, Administratium - Bureaucratite

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Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) it became safer and more convenient to manipulate, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as dynamite. He next combined nitroglycerin with another high explosive, gun-cotton, and obtained a transparent, jelly-like substance, which was a still more powerful explosive than dynamite. Blasting gelatin, as it was called, was patented in 1876, and was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the addition of potassium nitrate ...

See also:

Alfred Nobel, Alfred Nobel - Personal background, Alfred Nobel - Dynamite, Alfred Nobel - The Prizes

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Nitrogen (Latin nitrum, Greek Nitron meaning "native soda", "genes", "forming") is formally considered to have been discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air or fixed air. That there was a fraction of air that did not support combustion was well known to the late 18th century chemist. Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley, who referred to it as burnt air or phlogisticated air. Nitrogen gas was inert eno ...

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Nitrogen, Nitrogen - Notable characteristics, Nitrogen - Applications, Nitrogen - Nitrogen Compounds, Nitrogen - Molecular nitrogen gas and liquid, Nitrogen - History, Nitrogen - Occurrence, Nitrogen - Compounds, Nitrogen - Biological role, Nitrogen - Isotopes, Nitrogen - Precautions

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The R-23 was developed in the mid-1960s to arm the new MiG-23 fighter. It entered service in 1973. Like many Soviet missiles, the R-23 was built with interchangeable seeker heads, giving a choice of semi-active radar homing or infrared guidance. The SARH missile was designated R-23R, the IR version R-23T. Standard fit for the MiG-23 was one missile of each type. An inert training ro ...

See also:

Vympel R-23, Vympel R-23 - Development, Vympel R-23 - Specifications

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Researchers agree that ion channels are the ultimate site of action of general anaesthetics, and are now determining the exact molecular mechanisms. However, the sites of action of general anaesthetics proved difficult to identify until the last decade. The wide variation in structure, ranging from complex steroids to the inert monatomic gas xenon, led to several now outdated theories of anaesthetic action. It is now known that general anaesthetics act on the central nervous system by modifying the electrical activity of neurons at a ...

See also:

General anaesthetic, General anaesthetic - Mechanism of action

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