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Induction | A Wisdom Archive on Induction | | Induction A selection of articles related to Induction | |
| We recommend this article: Induction - 1, and also this: Induction - 2. |
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induction,
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Induction | | | |  Induction: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Goodman - Nominalism and mereologyGoodman, along with Stanislaw Lesniewski, is the founder of the contemporary variant of nominalism, which argues that philosophy, logic, and mathematics should dispense with set theory. Goodman further argued that a formal system he called the calculus of individuals, which he took over from Henry Leonard's 1930 Ph.D. thesis, should be put in the place of set theory. These ideas reached fruition in Goodman's 1951 The S ...
See also:Nelson Goodman, Nelson Goodman - Career, Nelson Goodman - Induction and grue, Nelson Goodman - Nominalism and mereology, Nelson Goodman - Bibliography Read more here: » Nelson Goodman: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Goodman - Nominalism and mereology |
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| | | | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Goodman - Career Goodman graduated from Harvard University in 1928. During the 1930s, he ran an art gallery in Boston, Massachusetts while studying for a Harvard Ph.D. in philosophy, which he completed in 1941. His experience as an art dealer helps explain his later turn towards aesthetics, where he became better known than in logic and analytic philosophy. During World War II, he served in the US Army.
He taught at the University of Pennsylvania, 1946-64, where his students included Noam Chomsky and Hilary Putnam. He left Penn because he was not gran ...
See also:Nelson Goodman, Nelson Goodman - Career, Nelson Goodman - Induction and grue, Nelson Goodman - Nominalism and mereology, Nelson Goodman - Bibliography Read more here: » Nelson Goodman: Encyclopedia II - Nelson Goodman - Career |
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| | | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Raker Qarrigat - History
Raker Qarrigat - Induction.
Qarrigat was recruited on Wolsoon, his homeworld. Qarrigat was the third representative of the Guardians sent into Apokolips, the first two never returned. Battling his way to the power center of the planet, Quarrigat challenged Darkseid directly. Quarrigat got the raw end of the deal. Darkseid defeated the warrior, crushed his hand and sent the crippled soldier back to his masters as a warning to those who would invade Apokolips. Despite his injuries and defeat, Qarrigat recommended to the Guardians that an invasion of Apokolips was the onl ...
See also:Raker Qarrigat, Raker Qarrigat - History, Raker Qarrigat - Induction, Raker Qarrigat - The Apokolips Campaign, Raker Qarrigat - Legend of the Green Flame, Raker Qarrigat - Notes, Raker Qarrigat - Other Links Read more here: » Raker Qarrigat: Encyclopedia II - Raker Qarrigat - History |
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| | | | | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Inference and uncertainty Traditional logic is only concerned with certainty - one progresses from certain premises to certain conclusions. There are several motivations for extending logic to deal with uncertain propositions and weaker modes of reasoning.
Philosophical motivations
A large part of our everyday reasoning does not follow the strict rules of logic, but is nevertheless effective in many cases
Science itself is not deductive, but largely inductive, and its process cannot be captured by standard logic (see problem of inductio ...
See also:Inference, Inference - The accuracy of inductive and deductive inferences, Inference - Valid inferences, Inference - An example: the classic syllogism, Inference - Automatic logical inference, Inference - An example: inference using Prolog, Inference - Inference and uncertainty, Inference - Common sense and uncertain reasoning, Inference - Bayesian statistics and probability logic, Inference - Frequentist statistical inference, Inference - Fuzzy logic Read more here: » Inference: Encyclopedia II - Inference and uncertainty |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Inference - Inference and uncertainty Traditional logic is only concerned with certainty - one progresses from certain premises to certain conclusions. There are several motivations for extending logic to deal with uncertain propositions and weaker modes of reasoning.
Philosophical motivations
A large part of our everyday reasoning does not follow the strict rules of logic, but is nevertheless effective in many cases
Science itself is not deductive, but largely inductive, and its process cannot be captured by standard logic (see problem of inductio ...
See also:Inference, Inference - The accuracy of inductive and deductive inferences, Inference - Valid inferences, Inference - An example: the classic syllogism, Inference - Automatic logical inference, Inference - An example: inference using Prolog, Inference - Inference and uncertainty, Inference - Common sense and uncertain reasoning, Inference - Bayesian statistics and probability logic, Inference - Frequentist statistical inference, Inference - Fuzzy logic Read more here: » Inference: Encyclopedia II - Inference - Inference and uncertainty |
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| | | | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Paradox of the heap - Possible solutions Many philosophers and logicians have confronted this puzzling argument and registered their analysis. Some, like Bertrand Russell, simply deny that logic works with vague concepts. Others go so far as destruction of all arguments of this form, including mathematical induction (which may or may not be a Sorites argument).
Paradox of the heap - Setting a fixed boundary.
One technique for resolving the paradox is to set a fixed boundary, say 10,000 grains. If there are less than 10,000, then it's not a heap; ...
See also:Paradox of the heap, Paradox of the heap - Possible solutions, Paradox of the heap - Setting a fixed boundary, Paradox of the heap - Trivial Solutions, Paradox of the heap - Induction, Paradox of the heap - Multi-valued logic, Paradox of the heap - Probability, Paradox of the heap - Consensus and Vagueness, Paradox of the heap - Examples Read more here: » Paradox of the heap: Encyclopedia II - Paradox of the heap - Possible solutions |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Electric motor - AC motors A typical AC motor consists of two parts:
An outside stationary stator having coils supplied with AC current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and;
An inside rotor attached to the output shaft that is given a torque by the rotating field.
There are two fundamental types of AC motor depending on the type of rotor used:
The synchronous motor, which rotates exactly at the supply frequency or a submultiple of the supply frequency, and;
The induction motor, which turns slightly slower, and typically (though not necessarily always) takes ...
See also:Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks Read more here: » Electric motor: Encyclopedia II - Electric motor - AC motors |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Electric motor - Linear motors A linear motor is essentially an electric motor that has been "unrolled" so that instead of producing a torque (rotation), it produces a linear force along its length by setting up a traveling electromagnetic field.
Linear motors are most commonly induction motors or stepper motors. You can find a linear motor in a maglev (Transrapid) train, where the train "flies" over the ground.
...
See also:Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks Read more here: » Electric motor: Encyclopedia II - Electric motor - Linear motors |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - History of the scientific method - Early empiricism and philosophy The Edwin Smith Papyrus (circa 1600 BC), an ancient surgical textbook, details the examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of numerous ailments. [1] Although the Ebers papyrus (ca 1550 BC) contains incantations and foul applications created to cast out diseased demons and other superstition, there is evidence of traditional empiricism.
In Ancient Greece, towards the middle of the 5th century BC, some of the elements of a scientific tradition were already well established. In Protagoras (318d-f), Plato mentio ...
See also:History of the scientific method, History of the scientific method - Early empiricism and philosophy, History of the scientific method - The emergence of an inductive method, History of the scientific method - A schematic scientific method, History of the scientific method - Method called to question, History of the scientific method - Current issues Read more here: » History of the scientific method: Encyclopedia II - History of the scientific method - Early empiricism and philosophy |
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| | | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Polyomino - Algorithms for enumeration of fixed polyominoes
Polyomino - Inductive exhaustive search.
The most obvious method of enumerating the polyominoes, and also one of the slowest, is inductive exhaustive search. Given a list of polyominoes of area n, take each polyomino in turn, embed it in an n×n square, surround that square with a collar of cells to create an (n+2)×(n+2) square. For each vacant cell in that square that is adjacent to at least one occupied cell, fill the cell and strike out a bounding row of vacant cells and a bounding ...
See also:Polyomino, Polyomino - Free one-sided and fixed polyominoes, Polyomino - Number of polyominoes, Polyomino - Algorithms for enumeration of fixed polyominoes, Polyomino - Inductive exhaustive search, Polyomino - Growth method, Polyomino - Conway's method and Jensen's method, Polyomino - Asymptotic growth of the number of polyominoes, Polyomino - Fixed polyominoes, Polyomino - Free polyominoes, Polyomino - Special classes of polyominoes, Polyomino - Uses of polyominos, Polyomino - Etymology Read more here: » Polyomino: Encyclopedia II - Polyomino - Algorithms for enumeration of fixed polyominoes |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - History of the scientific method - A schematic scientific method In 1619, René Descartes began writing his first major treatise on proper scientific and philosophical thinking, the unfinished Rules for the Direction of the Mind. With this document, Descartes established the framework for a scientific method's guiding principles. The following quote from his 1637 treatise, Discourse on Method presents the four precepts that characterize a scientific method:
"The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to a ...
See also:History of the scientific method, History of the scientific method - Early empiricism and philosophy, History of the scientific method - The emergence of an inductive method, History of the scientific method - A schematic scientific method, History of the scientific method - Method called to question, History of the scientific method - Current issues Read more here: » History of the scientific method: Encyclopedia II - History of the scientific method - A schematic scientific method |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - David Stove - Reputation Stove is best known for his scathing attacks of a variety of topics, especially Popperian falsificationism, Marxism, feminism, and postmodernism. He is regarded by some as one of the greatest defenders of common sense, and one of the wittiest of philosophers. Others, however, regard Stove as a reactionary and a controversialist.
From early in his career he was regarded as a serious, top-flight philosopher of science and he is still considered by many to have defeated inductive skepticism. He was also someone who always wrote articles ...
See also:David Stove, David Stove - Life, David Stove - Reputation, David Stove - Philosophy of Science Induction and Probability, David Stove - Polemics against Popper and other 'irrationalists', David Stove - The Plato Cult, David Stove - Political Philosophy, David Stove - Darwinism, David Stove - Stove's contrariness, David Stove - A selected bibliography Read more here: » David Stove: Encyclopedia II - David Stove - Reputation |
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| | | | | Induction: Encyclopedia II - Slippery slope - The slippery slope as argument The slippery-slope argument occurs in the following context: A, B denote events, situations, policies, actions etc. Within this context, the proposer posits the following inferential scheme:
If A occurs
then the chances increase that B will occur
The argument takes on one of various semantical forms:
In one form, the proposer suggests that by making a move in a particular direction, we start down a "slippery slope". Having started down the metaphorical slope, it appears likely that we will con ...
See also:Slippery slope, Slippery slope - The slippery slope as argument, Slippery slope - Examples, Slippery slope - The slippery slope as fallacy, Slippery slope - Supporting analogies, Slippery slope - Momentum or frictional analogies, Slippery slope - Induction analogy Read more here: » Slippery slope: Encyclopedia II - Slippery slope - The slippery slope as argument |
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