Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration
Indo-Aryan migration refers to the migration and expansion of the Indo-Aryans during the 2nd millennium BC or earlier. Archaeological and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - Overview
The separation of Indo-Aryans proper from Proto-Indo-Iranians has been dated to roughly 2000 BC–1800 BC. The Nuristani languages probab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - History
When British and European language students first encountered Sanskrit in the late 18th century, they naturally assumed Sanskrit was the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - Archaeology
The Indo-Aryans were nomadic or at least peripatetic, following their herds of cows around from pasture to pasture. Consequently they had...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arya: Encyclopedia - Arya
Arya (árya-) is a Sanskrit term used by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and others. It means "master, noble, lord" or can refer to any Vaishya....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory
Aryan invasion theory, often abbreviated to AIT, is a term used to refer to the theory developed by 19th Century European linguists to ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia - Human Migration
Human migration denotes any movement by humans from one locality to another, often over long distances or in large groups. Humans are kno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Update On The Aryan Invasion Debate: Encyclopedia - Update On The Aryan Invasion Debate
Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate is a book by Koenraad Elst. The book discusses various aspects of the Indo-Aryan migration debate. It...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of India: Encyclopedia - History Of India
The History of India can be traced in fragments as far back as 700,000 years ago. The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dasa: Encyclopedia - Dasa
The Dasa are a tribe identified as the enemies of the Aryans in the Rig-Veda. The word Dasa, later acquired derogatory connotations, mean...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Namboothiri: Encyclopedia - Namboothiri
The Namboothiris (Malayalam :നമ്പൂതിരി)are the Brahmins of Kerala. They adhere to the Advaita philosophy propounde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Celtici: Encyclopedia - Celtici
The Celtici (Latin for "Celts") were an ancient Celtic tribe of Lusitania, akin to the Lusitanians and Gallaecians, living in what today ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabazios: Encyclopedia - Sabazios
Sabazios is the nomadic horseman sky and father god of the Phrygians. In Indo-European languages, such as Phrygian, the '-zios' element i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Indo-european Migrations
See Proto-Indo-Europeans. The Indo-European migration had variously been dated to the end of the Neolithic (Marija Gimbutas: Corded ware,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Indo-european Migrations
See Proto-Indo-European. The Indo-European migration had variously been dated to the end of the Neolithic (Marija Gimbutas: Corded ware, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryans: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryans - Pre-vedic Indo-aryans
The separation of Indo-Aryans proper from Proto-Indo-Iranians is commonly dated, on linguistic grounds, to roughly 1800 BC. The Nuristani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Political And Religious Issues
In modern India, the discussion of Indo-Aryan migration is charged politically and religiously. Supporters of migration are faced with se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryans: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryans - Indo-aryan Peoples
Indo-Aryans - Historic. Mitanni Vedic Aryans Kurus Licchavis Gandharis (During the Mahabharata period the present Kandahar province of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arya: Encyclopedia Ii - Arya - Religious And Spiritual Uses
The term Arya is often used in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Zoroastrian texts. In the spiritual context it can be applied to Rishis or to so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryans: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryans - Ancient India
The Vedic Kuru and Panchala kingdoms in the first millennium became the core of the Mahajanapadas, archaeologically corresponding to the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryans: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryans - Contemporary Indo-aryans
Contemporary speakers of Indo-Aryan languages are spread over most of the northern Indian Subcontinent. The largest group are the speaker...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Race: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Race - Quotations
"I have declared again and again that if I say Aryans, I mean neither blood nor bones, nor hair nor skull; I mean simply those who speak ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Origin Of The Theory
The theory arose from the discovery by William Jones that Sanskrit was related to the classical European languages Latin and Greek, and t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Toward An Understanding Of Migration
Human migration - Types of Migrations. The cyclic movement which involves commuting, a seasonal movement, and nomadism. The periodic m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arya: Encyclopedia Ii - Arya - Buddhism
The word Arya is very frequently used in Buddhist texts. Buddhist texts refer to this term much more often than do Hindu or Jain texts. B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arya: Encyclopedia Ii - Arya - Arya In The Epics
Arya and Anarya are primarly used in the moral sense in the Hindu Epics. People are usually called Arya or Anarya based on their behaviou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - The Great Migrations
Western historians refer to the period of migrations that separated Antiquity from the Middle Ages in Europe as the Great Migrations or a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arya: Encyclopedia Ii - Arya - Arya In The Epics
Arya and Anarya are primarily used in the moral sense in the Hindu Epics. People are usually called Arya or Anarya based on their behavio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Overview Of Historical Migrations
Human migration has taken place at all times and in the greatest variety of circumstances. It has been tribal, national, class and indivi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Other Old World Migrations
Other migrations that happened later in the history of Europe generally did not give rise to new states, but disrupted and, to some exten...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Role In Imperialism And Nazism
The theory that the original Aryans were northern Europeans who had migrated into India was used by some British imperialists as an ideol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Polynesian Migration
With the art of open-sea navigation involving the most confident and courageous use of the available technologies of boat-building, combi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Racial Aspects Of The Theory
Because of the view that the Aryans were the ancestors of Europeans it was assumed by many scholars that they must have been "white" cauc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Modern Theory
While the classical "Aryan invasion" scenario – the idea that a wave of Vedic Aryan invaders were the cause of the Indus Valley Civiliz...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - The Great Migrations
Western historians refer to the period of migrations that separated Antiquity from the Middle Ages in Europe as the Great Migrations or a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aryan Invasion Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Aryan Invasion Theory - Later Developments
Even in the 19th century several theorists had criticised the use of the term "primitive [i.e. primal] Aryans" to refer to the earliest s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - World War Ii And Post-world War Ii Migrations
See World War II evacuation and expulsion for World War II forced migrations. Provisions of the Potsdam Agreement from 1945 signed by vic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Overview Of Historical Migrations
Human migration has taken place at all times and in the greatest variety of circumstances. It has been tribal, national, class and indivi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Other Old World Migrations
Other migrations that happened later in the history of Europe generally did not give rise to new states, but disrupted and, to some exten...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - World War Ii And Post-world War Ii Migrations
See World War II evacuation and expulsion for World War II forced migrations. Provisions of the Potsdam Agreement from 1945 signed by vic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Migration - Polynesian Migration
With the art of open-sea navigation involving the most confident and courageous use of the available technologies of boat-building, combi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soma: Encyclopedia Ii - Soma - Candidates For The Soma Plant
Even in the Rigveda, Soma is described as growing far away, in the mountains, and has to be purchased from travelling traders. This is co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michael E. J. Witzel: Encyclopedia Ii - Michael E. J. Witzel - Work
Witzel's analysis of the Vedic dialects have been praised as "a breakthrough in Vedic Studies" by Frits Staal [6], Professor of philosoph...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Pre-indo-european Peoples
The earliest modern humans, or Homo sapiens sapiens - as opposed to Neanderthals - to enter Europe did so perhaps around 50,000 years ago...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pre-islamic Period Of Afghanistan - Ancient Afghanistan: From The Aryans To The Medes. 1500 Bce - 551 Bce
Between 2000-1200 BCE, a branch of Indo-European-speaking tribes known as the Aryans or Indo-Iranians began migrating into the region. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vedic Civilization: Encyclopedia Ii - Vedic Civilization - Rigvedic Period
The origin of the Vedic civilization and its relation to the Indus Valley civilization and related cultures and an Indo-Aryan migration a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Punjab: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Punjab - Indo-aryans
Main articles: Aryan invasion theory, Vedic civilization Factors in the civilization's decline likely included a change in weather patter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genetics And Archaeogenetics Of South Asia: Encyclopedia Ii - Genetics And Archaeogenetics Of South Asia - Genetics And Archaeogenetics Of The Period Before 1000 Bce
The recent advances in Archaeogenetics have some interesting results for Indo-Aryan migration but are still in the early stages. Two rece...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jainism: Encyclopedia Ii - Jainism - Jainism And Indian Archaeology
Archaeological evidence such as various seals and other artifacts from the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3000–1500 BC) has been cited b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sindhi People: Encyclopedia Ii - Sindhi People - Culture And Society
Sindhis are an Indo-Aryan people who have been modified by mainly Iranian peoples, Turkic, and Afghan people over time. As a result of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-scythians: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-scythians - Origins
The ancestors of the Indo-Scythians are thought to be Sakas (Scythian) tribes, originally settled in southern Siberia, in the Ili river a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hindu: Encyclopedia Ii - Hindu - Hallmarks Of Hindu Society
Hindu - Ethnic and Cultural Fabric. See also: Indo-Aryan, Aryan Invasion Theory, Demographics of India & Histo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Proto-indo-europeans: Encyclopedia Ii - Proto-indo-europeans - Origins
The scholars of the 19th century that originally tackled the question of the original homeland of the Indo-Europeans (also called Urheima...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Competing Theories
Few details of these cultures are widely agreed upon, and even the date of the Indo-European arrival in Old Europe is questioned, whether...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Origins
Archeologists believe that food-producing societies first emerged in the Levantine region of southwest Asia in the early Holocene, and de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neolithic Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Neolithic Europe - Neolithic Languages
How many Neolithic languages existed is not known, nor whether the ancient names of peoples believed, in ancient times or now, to have de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kambojas: Encyclopedia Ii - Kambojas - Kambojas: A Warrior Clan
In India, the Kambojas seem to have belonged to the Kshatriya caste of Indo-Aryan society. The earliest and most powerful reference endor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nepal Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Nepal Civil War - Background
The oldest roots of this conflict probably lie in the ascension of Indo-Aryan elites who more or less simultaneously migrated eastward ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic cultures. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have iden...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Early History
History of the Balkans - Chalcolithic civilization. Early cultures of the Balkans were predominantly agricultural. Archaeologists have ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. For more info please use the main article; October 8, 1912 the Fir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Current State And Perspectives
Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Current State And Perspectives
Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. Main article: First Balkan War For more info please use the main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Current State And Perspectives
Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981. Slov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Pig War
Main Article: Bosnian crisis The means adopted by the governments of Vienna and Budapest to nullify the plans of Serbian expansion were ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Balkan Wars
Main article: Balkan Wars History of the Balkans - First Balkan War. Main article: First Balkan War For more info please use the main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Classical Antiquity
History of the Balkans - Odrysian empire. Main article: Odrysian empire The Odrysian empire was a union of Thracian tribes that was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Middle Ages And The Early Modern Period
The Balkans was a confluence of great powers, a buffer between occident and orient. Various wars, rebellions, invasions, and disputes bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Balkans In Modern Times
History of the Balkans - World War I in the Balkans. World War I (then known as the Great War) started when a Serb man called Gavrilo P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - Rise Of Independence
The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire was losing influence, status and territory throughout the 19th century, known as the 'sick man of Europe'; a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Armenians: Encyclopedia Ii - Armenians - Classification
Armenians are a sub branch of the Indo-European family, which migrated from the north Caucasus in multiple directions around 4500 B.C. Ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baltic Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Baltic Languages - History
According to one theory, the Indo-European tribes speaking the dialects that would become the Baltic languages probably settled in the ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Germans: Encyclopedia Ii - Germans - History
The Germans are a Germanic people. Ethnographers hypothesize that all Germanic speakers originally came from Scandinavia, which includes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scythia: Encyclopedia Ii - Scythia - History
Scythia - Overview. To date, no widely accepted explanation exists for the origin of the Scythians, nor how they migrated to the Caucas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phrygia: Encyclopedia Ii - Phrygia - History
Phrygia - Bronze Age migrations. After the collapse of the Hittite Empire at the beginning of the 12th century BC, the political vacuum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oestriminis: Encyclopedia Ii - Oestriminis - The Expulsion Of The Oestrimni
The invasion of serpents recalled by Avienus is probably related to the Saephe or Ophis ("People of the Serpents") and the Dragani ("Peop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hattusa: Encyclopedia Ii - Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City
Only a generation later, a Hittite king had chosen the site as his residence and capital. The Hittites, speaking an Indo-European languag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Globular Amphora Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Globular Amphora Culture - Interpretation
The inclusion of animals into the grave indicate an intrusive cultural element, that is, probably a new people. The practice of suttee is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Persian People: Encyclopedia Ii - Persian People - Origins And Roots
The Persians of Iran are mainly descended from the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranians, an Indo-European people that migrated to the regi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Elamite Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Elamite Language - Relations To Other Language Families
Elamite was not related to the neighboring Semitic languages, or Indo-European languages, and although some call Elamite the "sister" to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian Dominance
The conquests of Alexander had a number of consequences for the Greek city-states. It greatly widened the horizons of the Greeks, making ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Celt: Encyclopedia Ii - Celt - Origins And Geographical Distribution
The Celtic language family is a branch of the larger Indo-European family, which leads some scholars to a hypothesis that the original sp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - Linguistics
The linguistic facts of the situation are little disputed. However, linguistic data alone cannot determine whether this migration was pea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - Philology
Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda. The Rigveda is by far the most archaic testimony of Vedic Sanskrit. It describes a pastoral or nomadic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Indo-aryan Migration: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-aryan Migration - Physical Anthropology
Brian E. Hemphill and Alexander F. Christensen's study (1994) of the migration of genetic traits does not support a movement of Aryan spe...   » Read the article