Indies

Father Dagon and Mother Hydra are both minor Great Old Ones; though it is possible that they are merely Deep Ones that have grown abnormally large. Together with Cthulhu, they form the triad of gods worshipped by the Deep Ones. (See Dagon, a Semitic fertility deity.) Mother Hydra is the consort to Father Dagon. The Call of Cthulhu role-playing game suggests that Mother Hydra may not be a Great Old One at all but is in fact just a gigantic Deep One. It is also possible that she holds a titular position for the city th ...

See also:

Deep One Cthulhu mythos, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Deep Ones in the mythos, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Deep One hybrid, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Father Dagon and Mother Hydra, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Innsmouth, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Y'ha-nthlei, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Esoteric Order of Dagon, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Esoteric Order of Dagon in Media, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Movie

Read more here: » Deep One Cthulhu mythos: Encyclopedia II - Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Father Dagon and Mother Hydra

The (fictional) town of Innsmouth is a coastal village located in Essex County, Massachusetts, between Newburyport and Arkham. Founded in 1643, Innsmouth was once a great trading center and port of call for ships from across the world. The War of 1812 brought an end to the town's prosperity when many of its sailors turned to privateering and were subsequently killed in raids against the British fleet. As a result, sea trade fell off considerably and most of the town's income came primarily from mills built along the Manuxet River. The town also relied on dwindling revenues from Captain Obed Ma ...

See also:

Deep One Cthulhu mythos, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Deep Ones in the mythos, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Deep One hybrid, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Father Dagon and Mother Hydra, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Innsmouth, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Y'ha-nthlei, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Esoteric Order of Dagon, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Esoteric Order of Dagon in Media, Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Movie

Read more here: » Deep One Cthulhu mythos: Encyclopedia II - Deep One Cthulhu mythos - Innsmouth

Several languages have been born on American soil, including creoles and sign languages. Languages in the United States - Gullah. Gullah, an English-African creole is spoken on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia. It retains strong influences of West African languages, and is distinct enough to be considered a separate language from English. African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), also known as Ebonics, is a variety of English spoken by many African-America ...

See also:

Languages in the United States, Languages in the United States - Official language status, Languages in the United States - Pre-colonial languages, Languages in the United States - American Indian languages, Languages in the United States - Austronesian languages, Languages in the United States - The colonial languages, Languages in the United States - English, Languages in the United States - French, Languages in the United States - Welsh, Languages in the United States - Scottish Gaelic, Languages in the United States - Dutch, Languages in the United States - German, Languages in the United States - Swedish, Languages in the United States - Spanish, Languages in the United States - Russian, Languages in the United States - Finnish, Languages in the United States - Immigrant languages, Languages in the United States - New American languages, Languages in the United States - Gullah, Languages in the United States - Hawaiian Creole, Languages in the United States - Sign languages, Languages in the United States - Artificial languages, Languages in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Languages in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Languages in the United States - New American languages

List of misconceptions - Animals. An old (and surely dying) superstition is that toads can give people warts if they are touched. In reality, warts are caused by a virus that doesn't have anything to do with toads. Nevertheless, people should avoid touching frogs or toads, for some of them secrete poison through glands. Dragonflies do not have stingers, and do not bite people.

See also:

List of misconceptions, List of misconceptions - Geography, List of misconceptions - History, List of misconceptions - Life, List of misconceptions - Animals, List of misconceptions - Entertainment, List of misconceptions - Science, List of misconceptions - Astronomy, List of misconceptions - Physics, List of misconceptions - Technology, List of misconceptions - Transportation

Read more here: » List of misconceptions: Encyclopedia II - List of misconceptions - Life

Indigenous is the current preferred term in some anthropological and linguistic circles. Although its spelling is similar to that of "Indian", the two words are not related. Indigenous is from Latin, indigena, meaning "a native". The Spanish and Portuguese word indígenas ("indigenes") is widely used to refer to native peoples in Latin American countries today. Canadian French uses autochtones for people as the ...

See also:

Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

Read more here: » Native American name controversy: Encyclopedia II - Native American name controversy - Indigenous

The term "Aboriginal" is another alternate form encountered in English-speaking regions of the world to refer to a people "having existed from the beginning." Its use is largely a product of arbitrary historical circumstance, and its meaning has been formalised in the statutory systems of a few countries where it has been employed. For example, the Canadian Constitution states: "'Aboriginal' in the context of this plan includes all Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples of Canada" (Constitution Act, 1982, Sub ...

See also:

Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

Read more here: » Native American name controversy: Encyclopedia II - Native American name controversy - Aboriginal

Portugal This article is part of the series: Politics of Portugal President: Jorge Sampaio Assembly of the Republic Prime Minister: José Sócrates Council of Ministers Supreme Court of Justice Constitutional Court Council of State Elections Political Parties Socialist Social Democratic Communist Popula ...

See also:

Portugal, Portugal - History, Portugal - Lusitania, Portugal - The kingdom, Portugal - The Portuguese discoveries, Portugal - Braganza Dynasty, Portugal - The republics, Portugal - Government and politics, Portugal - Foreign relations and military, Portugal - Subdivisions, Portugal - Geography and climate, Portugal - Flora and fauna, Portugal - Economy, Portugal - Transportation and communications, Portugal - Demographics, Portugal - Education, Portugal - Culture, Portugal - Cuisine, Portugal - Sports and games, Portugal - Festivals and holidays, Portugal - Notes

Read more here: » Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Portugal - Government and politics

Main articles: Foreign relations of Portugal and Military of Portugal Foreign relations are essential to Portugal. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, an alliance dating from 1294, has been retained throughout its history, making it the oldest alliance still in force in the world. This English–Portuguese alliance was renewed in 1386 with the Treaty of Windsor. The treaty established a pact of mutual support between the countries. This alliance was used in the successive expulsion of the Spanish kings and broke Englan ...

See also:

Portugal, Portugal - History, Portugal - Lusitania, Portugal - The kingdom, Portugal - The Portuguese discoveries, Portugal - Braganza Dynasty, Portugal - The republics, Portugal - Government and politics, Portugal - Foreign relations and military, Portugal - Subdivisions, Portugal - Geography and climate, Portugal - Flora and fauna, Portugal - Economy, Portugal - Transportation and communications, Portugal - Demographics, Portugal - Education, Portugal - Culture, Portugal - Cuisine, Portugal - Sports and games, Portugal - Festivals and holidays, Portugal - Notes

Read more here: » Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Portugal - Foreign relations and military

The term Amerindian is a derivative of "American Indian" (as is "Amerind", though this term is more popular in linguistic circles), and is not necessarily completely synonymous with "Native American". Although all Amerindians are Native Americans, not all Native Americans are Amerindians. "Amerindian" relates to a mega-group of peoples spanning the Americas that are related in culture and genetics, and are quite distinct from the later arriving Eskimos (Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples native to Alaska and the Canadian Arctic). The lat ...

See also:

Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

Read more here: » Native American name controversy: Encyclopedia II - Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind

When Christopher Columbus set sail across the Atlantic Ocean, he believed that he would arrive in the Indies. The purpose of his trip was to expand the spice trade by avoiding the lengthy trip around the Cape of Good Hope. Because of this, he referred to the native people that he found as Indians. The name has been used ever since to varying degrees, however, there are two major problems with this name: It is also the name of the peoples of a different continent. It is a name assigned by an outsider, and specific ...

See also:

Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

Read more here: » Native American name controversy: Encyclopedia II - Native American name controversy - Indian

List of misconceptions - Transportation. Some believe that the ship Mary Celeste was called Marie Celeste. In fact Marie Celeste was the spelling used by Arthur Conan Doyle in a story based on the incident. ...

See also:

List of misconceptions, List of misconceptions - Geography, List of misconceptions - History, List of misconceptions - Life, List of misconceptions - Animals, List of misconceptions - Entertainment, List of misconceptions - Science, List of misconceptions - Astronomy, List of misconceptions - Physics, List of misconceptions - Technology, List of misconceptions - Transportation

Read more here: » List of misconceptions: Encyclopedia II - List of misconceptions - Technology

Many details concerning the life of Camões (pronounced cam-oynsh) remain unknown, but he is thought to have been born around 1524. He was the son of Simão Vaz de Camões and Anna de Sá e Macedo, a family from the northern Portuguese region of Chaves. He probably studied humanities in Coimbra, where his uncle D. Bento de Camões was a priest at the renowned Monastery of Santa Cruz. Camões moved back to Lisb ...

See also:

Luís de Camões, Luís de Camões - Biography, Luís de Camões - Os Lusiadas, Luís de Camões - Critical Overview:, Luís de Camões - Works, Luís de Camões - Selected criticism, Luís de Camões - English, Luís de Camões - Spanish

Read more here: » Luís de Camões: Encyclopedia II - Luís de Camões - Biography

Os Lusíadas are named from the fabled hero Lusus, who is said to have come with Ulysses to what is now Portugal and called it Lusitania. Os Lusíadas tells the story of Vasco da Gama and the Portuguese heroes who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and opened a new route to the Indies. It is a humanist epic in its association of pagan mythology with a Christian outlook, in its conflicting feelings about war and empire, in its love of home and desire of adventure, in its appreciation o ...

See also:

Luís de Camões, Luís de Camões - Biography, Luís de Camões - Os Lusiadas, Luís de Camões - Critical Overview:, Luís de Camões - Works, Luís de Camões - Selected criticism, Luís de Camões - English, Luís de Camões - Spanish

Read more here: » Luís de Camões: Encyclopedia II - Luís de Camões - Os Lusiadas

Americas - Ethnology. The American population is made up of the descendents of three large ethnic groups and their combinations: the native inhabitants of the Americas, being "Indians" (or "Native Americans" or "Amerindians"), Eskimos, and Aleuts; Europeans (of mainly Spanish, British, Irish, Portuguese, French, Italian, German and Dutch, origin); and black Africans. There are also more recent immigrants, such as from the Balkan, Centr ...

See also:

Americas, Americas - Naming of America, Americas - Usage, Americas - Demography, Americas - Ethnology, Americas - Languages

Read more here: » Americas: Encyclopedia II - Americas - Demography

Christopher Columbus has had a cultural significance beyond his actual achievements and actions as an individual; he also became a symbol, a figure of legend. The mythology of Columbus has cast him as an archetype for both good and for evil. The casting of Columbus as a figure of "good" or of "evil" often depends on people's perspectives as to whether the arrival of Europeans to the New World and the introduction of Chr ...

See also:

Christopher Columbus, Christopher Columbus - Background, Christopher Columbus - Early life, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' idea, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' campaign for funding, Christopher Columbus - Voyages, Christopher Columbus - First voyage, Christopher Columbus - Second voyage, Christopher Columbus - Third voyage and arrest, Christopher Columbus - Fourth and final voyage, Christopher Columbus - Later life, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' national origin, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' language, Christopher Columbus - Perceptions of Columbus, Christopher Columbus - Columbus as hero, Christopher Columbus - Columbus as villain, Christopher Columbus - Physical appearance

Read more here: » Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia II - Christopher Columbus - Perceptions of Columbus

Valignano excelled as a student at the University of Padua, where he studied Christian theology. Valignano's insights into Christian message convinced many within the Church that he was the perfect individual to carry the spirit of the Counter-Reformation to the East. He was quickly ordained in the Society of Jesus and at the age of 34 he was appointed Visitor of Missions in the Indies and had made his pr ...

See also:

Alessandro Valignano, Alessandro Valignano - Education and Commission, Alessandro Valignano - Valignano's methods in Japan, Alessandro Valignano - Language Study, Alessandro Valignano - Establishment of the Seminaries, Alessandro Valignano - Success of Seminary Reforms, Alessandro Valignano - Mercantilism and the Port of Nagasaki, Alessandro Valignano - Conflicts with Rome, Alessandro Valignano - Late Life and the Decline of the Mission, Alessandro Valignano - Legacy

Read more here: » Alessandro Valignano: Encyclopedia II - Alessandro Valignano - Education and Commission

The need for a natively trained clergy was obvious to Valignano, and so in 1580 a recently emptied Buddhist monastery in Arima province was converted into a nascent seminary. There twenty-two young Japanese converts began to the process of instruction towards holy orders. The process was repeated two years later at Azuchi, where the seminarians numbered thirty-three. The first order of business in the seminaries would be language training. Valignano made clear that all seminarians, whatever their background, would receive education in ...

See also:

Alessandro Valignano, Alessandro Valignano - Education and Commission, Alessandro Valignano - Valignano's methods in Japan, Alessandro Valignano - Language Study, Alessandro Valignano - Establishment of the Seminaries, Alessandro Valignano - Success of Seminary Reforms, Alessandro Valignano - Mercantilism and the Port of Nagasaki, Alessandro Valignano - Conflicts with Rome, Alessandro Valignano - Late Life and the Decline of the Mission, Alessandro Valignano - Legacy

Read more here: » Alessandro Valignano: Encyclopedia II - Alessandro Valignano - Establishment of the Seminaries

As the scale of the mission began to expand rapidly, financial difficulties began to crop up. All of the Jesuit institutions: the seminaries, the schools, the printing presses and the missions required money to finance. This eternal conflict, which Valignano describes as the one between "God and Mammon" raged for most of the history of the mission. Originally local Japanese daimyo had tried to curry favor with the Jesuit administration in order to have the Portuguese trading ships visit their local port more frequently. All of this ch ...

See also:

Alessandro Valignano, Alessandro Valignano - Education and Commission, Alessandro Valignano - Valignano's methods in Japan, Alessandro Valignano - Language Study, Alessandro Valignano - Establishment of the Seminaries, Alessandro Valignano - Success of Seminary Reforms, Alessandro Valignano - Mercantilism and the Port of Nagasaki, Alessandro Valignano - Conflicts with Rome, Alessandro Valignano - Late Life and the Decline of the Mission, Alessandro Valignano - Legacy

Read more here: » Alessandro Valignano: Encyclopedia II - Alessandro Valignano - Mercantilism and the Port of Nagasaki

Alessandro Valignano excercised his position as Visitor by overseeing all of the Jesuit missions in Asia from the major Portugese port of Macao, but his primary focus was always on the Japanese mission. By 1600 the Jesuit mission there was in decline because of persecution from the shogun Hideyoshi and later, most severely, under the Tokugawas. Tokugawa Ieyasu worked diligently to thwart all European attempts to reestablish contact with Japan, religious or otherwise, after his rise to power in 1603. All samurai and members of the army ...

See also:

Alessandro Valignano, Alessandro Valignano - Education and Commission, Alessandro Valignano - Valignano's methods in Japan, Alessandro Valignano - Language Study, Alessandro Valignano - Establishment of the Seminaries, Alessandro Valignano - Success of Seminary Reforms, Alessandro Valignano - Mercantilism and the Port of Nagasaki, Alessandro Valignano - Conflicts with Rome, Alessandro Valignano - Late Life and the Decline of the Mission, Alessandro Valignano - Legacy

Read more here: » Alessandro Valignano: Encyclopedia II - Alessandro Valignano - Late Life and the Decline of the Mission

Generally, ethnic groups desire that others use the name they give themselves. This preference has gained importance recently as a means of avoiding ethnic discrimination. The principle applies poorly to larger, multi-ethnic groups since different sub-groups often have incompatible preferences. English, like other natural languages, has traditionally ignored this principle, exerting its privilege to invent its own ethnic terms, such as German, Dutch, and Albanian, and disregarding the self-appellations and preferences of ...

See also:

Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Early history, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - The Bering Strait Land Bridge Theory, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - European colonization of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - United States, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Mexico, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Belize, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Guatemala, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Brazil, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Argentina, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Other parts of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Statistics on indigenous populations, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Cultural aspects, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Gender, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Music and art, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Controversial terminology, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada and the North, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Latin America

Read more here: » Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Controversial terminology

Though cultural features including language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another; there are certain elements which are encountered frequently and shared by many indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Gender. Most indigenous peoples had traditional gender roles. Agriculture was often women's work while war and hunting was men's. In some tribes, social and clan relationships were matrilinear and matriarchal but several different systems were in use. Men filled the war leader role. The cradle bo ...

See also:

Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Early history, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - The Bering Strait Land Bridge Theory, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - European colonization of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - United States, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Mexico, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Belize, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Guatemala, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Brazil, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Argentina, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Other parts of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Statistics on indigenous populations, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Cultural aspects, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Gender, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Music and art, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Controversial terminology, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada and the North, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Latin America

Read more here: » Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Cultural aspects

The European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the continent. In the 15th to 19th centuries, their populations were ravaged by the privations of displacement, by disease, and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Arawaks of Hispaniola. Th ...

See also:

Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Early history, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - The Bering Strait Land Bridge Theory, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - European colonization of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - United States, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Mexico, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Belize, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Guatemala, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Brazil, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Argentina, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Other parts of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Statistics on indigenous populations, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Cultural aspects, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Gender, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Music and art, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Controversial terminology, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Canada and the North, Indigenous peoples of the Americas - Latin America

Read more here: » Indigenous peoples of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - Indigenous peoples of the Americas - European colonization of the Americas