Patanjali:

Patanjali (Pathanjali). Author of the Yoga Sutras, which form the foundation of the yoga system of Indian philosophy. See raja-yoga.

(See also: Patanjali , Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

For more dictionary entries, see » Indian Philosophy Dictionary

Rajneesh - Childhood and awakening. Osho was born at Kuchwada, a small village in Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh state in India. At the time, the astrologer predicted that he might die before he was seven years old according to the birth chart. His parents, who were Jains, chose to send him to be with his maternal grandparents until he was seven years old. Osho explains that this was a major influence on his growth because his grandmother gave him the utmost freedom and respect, and also made the other people including her husband do the same. So, Osho was left reckless ...

See also:

Rajneesh, Rajneesh - Osho's philosophy, Rajneesh - Osho on meditation, Rajneesh - Biographical notes, Rajneesh - Childhood and awakening, Rajneesh - The Commune, Rajneesh - The U.S. chapter, Rajneesh - Back in Pune, Rajneesh - Quotations, Rajneesh - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rajneesh: Encyclopedia II - Rajneesh - Biographical notes

Dharma (Sanskrit, roughly law or way) is the way of the higher Truths. Dharma forms the basis for philosophies, beliefs and practices originating in India. The oldest of these, widely known as Hinduism, is Sanatana Dharma or Eternal Dharma. Buddhism, Ayyavazhi, Jainism and Sikhism also retain the centrality of Dharma. In these traditions, beings that live in harmony with Dharma proceed more quickly towards moksha, nirvana, or personal liberation. Dharma also refers to the teachings and doctrines of t ...

Including:

• Dharma - Meanings and origins of the word Dharma
• Dharma - Dharma in Hinduism
• Dharma - Proto-dharma: rta in the Vedas
• Dharma - Developing conceptions
• Dharma - Dharma as a Purushartha
• Dharma - Kane's view
• Dharma - In Jainism
• Dharma - The two Dharmas
• Dharma - In Buddhism
• Dharma - The teachings of the Buddha
• Dharma - Qualities of Buddha Dharma
• Dharma - Dharmas in Buddhist phenomenology
• Dharma - Dharma as righteousness

Read more here: » Dharma

Metaphysically, Samkhya maintains a radical duality between spirit/consciousness (Purusha) and matter (Prakrti). All physical events are considered to be manifestations of the evolution of Prakrti, or primal nature (from which all physical bodies are derived). Each sentient being is a Purusha, and is limitless and unrestricted to its body. Bondage arises when the Purusha is misled as to its own identity and confuses itself with the physical body. The spirit is liberated with the realization that it i ...

See also:

Samkhya, Samkhya - Epistemology, Samkhya - The metaphysics of Samkhya

Read more here: » Samkhya: Encyclopedia II - Samkhya - The metaphysics of Samkhya

The following is an overview of the Eastern philosophic traditions. Each tradition has a separate article with more detail on sects, schools, etc. (c.f.) Eastern philosophy - Hinduism. Main article: Hinduism Hinduism (सनातन धर्म; Sanātana Dharma, roughly Perennial Faith) is generally considered to be the oldest major world religion still practised today and first among Dharma faiths. Hinduism is characterized by a diverse array of belief systems, ...

See also:

Eastern philosophy, Eastern philosophy - Philosophical and religious traditions, Eastern philosophy - Hinduism, Eastern philosophy - Sufism & Islamic philosophy, Eastern philosophy - Confucianism, Eastern philosophy - Taoism, Eastern philosophy - Legalism, Eastern philosophy - Buddhism, Eastern philosophy - Jainism, Eastern philosophy - Maoism, Eastern philosophy - Shinto, Eastern philosophy - Arguments against the Eastern philosophy designation, Eastern philosophy - The perception of God and the gods, Eastern philosophy - Gods' relationship with the universe, Eastern philosophy - The role and nature of the individual, Eastern philosophy - Syntheses of Eastern and Western philosophy

Read more here: » Eastern philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Eastern philosophy - Philosophical and religious traditions

Rajneesh - Childhood and awakening. Osho was born at Kuchwada, a small village in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. At the time, the astrologer predicted that he might die before he was seven years old according to the birth chart. His parents, who were Jains, chose to send him to be with his maternal grandparents until he was seven years old. Osho explains that this was a major influence on his growth because his grandmother gave him the utmost freedom and respect, and also made the other people including her husband do the same. So, Osho was left reckless ...

See also:

Rajneesh, Rajneesh - Osho's philosophy, Rajneesh - Osho on meditation, Rajneesh - Biographical notes, Rajneesh - Childhood and awakening, Rajneesh - The Commune, Rajneesh - The U.S. chapter, Rajneesh - Back in Pune, Rajneesh - Quotations, Rajneesh - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rajneesh: Encyclopedia II - Rajneesh - Biographical notes

TS Eliot wrote in Four Quartets : "The only wisdom one can hope to acquire is the wisdom of humility...humility is endless..." I mulled over these words as I strolled through the bazaars of Hyderabad; its unique multicultural and multilingual tehzeeb an eloquent testimony of the richness of life itself, a flavour one couldn't possibly acquire from books alone.

Spiritually, Hyderabad stands out as a wonderful link-bridge between the north and south, imbibing the best of both in its culture, cuisine and character. The Deccan festival, conducted every year in March, celebrates the city's composite and secular character.

(See also: Deccan , Indian Festivals, Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Deccan: The Serene Jewel Of the Deccan  

Sankhya

One of the schools (systems) of Indian philosophy

(See also: Sankhya , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

For more dictionary entries, see » Indian Philosophy Dictionary

Like the vast supercontinent Eurasia, the culture of Asia is the aggregate of the cultural heritage of many nationalities, societies, religions, and ethnic groups in Asia. The continent is often divided into geographic and cultural subregions, including the Caucasus, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia (the "Indian subcontinent"), North Asia, and Southeast Asia. (Southwest Asia and the Middle East are often considered geographically but not culturally Asian). Asian cultures also range ...

Including:

• Culture of Asia - Nationalities and ethnic groups
• Culture of Asia - Architecture
• Culture of Asia - Art
• Culture of Asia - Visual arts
• Culture of Asia - Performing arts
• Culture of Asia - Mythology and folklore
• Culture of Asia - Languages
• Culture of Asia - Literature
• Culture of Asia - Classical
• Culture of Asia - Modern
• Culture of Asia - Philosophy
• Culture of Asia - Religions
• Culture of Asia - Festivals & celebrations
• Culture of Asia - Food & drink
• Culture of Asia - Culture by people
• Culture of Asia - Notes

Read more here: » Culture of Asia: Encyclopedia - Culture of Asia

Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas Mahābhārata Bhagavad Gītā Ramayana Puranas (List) Tantras Sutras (List) Stotras Ashtavakra Gita G ...

Including:

• Upanishad - Place in the Hindu canon
• Upanishad - List of Upanishads
• Upanishad - Principal Upanishads
• Upanishad - Canon by Vedic Shakha
• Upanishad - The Muktika canon

Read more here: » Upanishad: Encyclopedia - Upanishad

There have been many modern attempts to integrate Western and Eastern philosophical traditions. German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was very interested in Taoism. His system of dialectics is sometimes interpreted as a formalization of Taoist principles. Hegel's rival Arthur Schopenhauer developed a philosophy that was essentially a synthesis of Hinduism and Buddhism with Western thought. He anticipated that the Upanishads (primary Hindu scriptures) would have a much greater influence in the West than they ha ...

See also:

Eastern philosophy, Eastern philosophy - Philosophical and religious traditions, Eastern philosophy - Hinduism, Eastern philosophy - Sufism & Islamic philosophy, Eastern philosophy - Confucianism, Eastern philosophy - Taoism, Eastern philosophy - Legalism, Eastern philosophy - Buddhism, Eastern philosophy - Jainism, Eastern philosophy - Maoism, Eastern philosophy - Shinto, Eastern philosophy - Arguments against the Eastern philosophy designation, Eastern philosophy - The perception of God and the gods, Eastern philosophy - Gods' relationship with the universe, Eastern philosophy - The role and nature of the individual, Eastern philosophy - Syntheses of Eastern and Western philosophy

Read more here: » Eastern philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Eastern philosophy - Syntheses of Eastern and Western philosophy

Jiva Goswami was one of the most prolific and important writers of the Gaudiya Vaishnava school of Hinduism, and one of the famous Six Goswamis of Vrindavana. He was also the nephew of two of the chief Goswamis, Rupa Goswami (1489 – 1564 CE) and Sanatana Goswami (1488 – 1558 CE). Jiva Goswami - His Birth and Early Years. There seems to be some controversy amongst biographers about Jiva Goswami’s birth. Some opine that he lived from 1511 – 1596 CE, while others claim that he lived from 1533 to 1618 CE. ...

Including:

• Jiva Goswami - His Birth and Early Years
• Jiva Goswami - Jiva Leaves Home
• Jiva Goswami - Jiva in Vrindavana
• Jiva Goswami - Jiva Goswami’s Contributions
• Jiva Goswami - Achintya-bhedabheda Philosophy
• Jiva Goswami - Jiva Goswami’s Literary Achievments
• Jiva Goswami - 1-Harinamamrita Vyakarana
• Jiva Goswami - 2-Sutra-malika
• Jiva Goswami - 3-Dhatu-sangraha
• Jiva Goswami - 4-Radha-Krishna Archana Chandrika
• Jiva Goswami - 5-Rasamrita-sesa
• Jiva Goswami - 6-Madhava-mahotsava
• Jiva Goswami - 7-Sankalpa-kalpadruma
• Jiva Goswami - 8-Gopala-virudavali
• Jiva Goswami - 9-Bhavartha-suchaka-champu
• Jiva Goswami - 10-Gopala-tapani Upanisad commentary
• Jiva Goswami - 11-Commentary on Brahma-samhita
• Jiva Goswami - 12-Commentary on Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu
• Jiva Goswami - 13-Commentary on Ujjvala-nilamani
• Jiva Goswami - 14-Commentary on Yogasara-stavaka
• Jiva Goswami - 15-Agni Puranastha gayatri-bhasya
• Jiva Goswami - 16-Padma Puranokta Krishna-pada-padma-chihna
• Jiva Goswami - 17-Sri Radhika-kara-pada-sthita-chihna
• Jiva Goswami - 18-Laghu Vaishnava Toshani
• Jiva Goswami - 19-Gopala-champu
• Jiva Goswami - 20-Sad Sandarbhas Six Sandarbhas
• Jiva Goswami - Jiva’s Demise
• Jiva Goswami - Bibliography

Read more here: » Jiva Goswami: Encyclopedia - Jiva Goswami

Vallabhacharya (1479 - 1531) was the founder of the Vallabha sect in Indian philosophy. He called his system of thought Shuddhadvaita (pure monism). Vallabhacharya - Everything is Krishna's Leela. According to the version of Vaishnava Theology he espoused; the glorious Krishna in His sat-chid-ananda form is the Absolute Brahman. He is permanently playing out His sport (leela) from His seat in the goloka which is even beyond the divine Vaikuntha, the abode of Vishnu and Satya-loka, the abode of Brahma ...

Including:

• Vallabhacharya - Everything is Krishna's Leela
• Vallabhacharya - Grace the only path in Kali yuga
• Vallabhacharya - Atma-nivedana
• Vallabhacharya - Ashta-chaap

Read more here: » Vallabhacharya: Encyclopedia - Vallabhacharya

Isha Upanishad (IAST īśopaniṣad), also known as the Ishavasya (īśāvāsya) Upanishad, is one of the smaller Upanishads but is probably the most often quoted Upanishad. Ishopanishad - About the Upanishad. Ishopani ...

Including:

• Ishopanishad - About the Upanishad
• Ishopanishad - A Difficult Upanishad
• Ishopanishad - Operational plan for how to live
• Ishopanishad - Two most beautiful verses descriptive of Atman
• Ishopanishad - Stepwise Formula for identification with the Ultimate
• Ishopanishad - A most powerful profile of the Self in all of Upanishads
• Ishopanishad - Verses #s. 9 10 and 11
• Ishopanishad - Seven interpretations as a sample
• Ishopanishad - Practical implications
• Ishopanishad - More Technicalities
• Ishopanishad - Winding up with a universal prayer
• Ishopanishad - Allegory of the Golden Container
• Ishopanishad - The final utterance
• Ishopanishad - Sources

Read more here: » Ishopanishad: Encyclopedia - Ishopanishad

Dharma (Sanskrit, roughly law or way) is the way of the higher Truths. Beings that live in harmony with Dharma proceed more quickly towards moksha, nirvana, or personal liberation. Dharma forms the basis for philosophies, beliefs and practices originating in India. The oldest of these, widely known as Hinduism, is Sanatana Dharma or Eternal Dharma. Buddhism, Ayyavazhi, Jainism and Sikhism also retain the centrality of Dharma. For the followers of these traditions, Dharma also refers to the teachings ...

Including:

• Dharma - Meanings and origins of the word Dharma
• Dharma - Dharma in Hinduism
• Dharma - Origin and development in Hinduism
• Dharma - Proto-dharma: rta in the Vedas
• Dharma - Developing conceptions
• Dharma - Dharma as a Purushartha
• Dharma - Kane's view
• Dharma - In Jainism
• Dharma - The two Dharmas
• Dharma - In Buddhism
• Dharma - The teachings of the Buddha
• Dharma - Qualities of Buddha Dharma
• Dharma - Dharmas in Buddhist phenomenology
• Dharma - Dharma as righteousness

Read more here: » Dharma: Encyclopedia - Dharma

This page lists some links to ancient philosophy. In Europe, the spread of Christianity through the Roman world marked the end of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy. Ancient philosophy - Classical. Ancient philosophy - Greek. Pericles (495-429) Aspasia (469-406) Socrates(469-399) Euclid of Megara (450-380) Antisthenes (445-360) Aristippus (435-356) Plato (429-347)Including:

• Ancient philosophy - Classical
• Ancient philosophy - Greek
• Ancient philosophy - Roman
• Ancient philosophy - Schools of thought in the Hellenistic period
• Ancient philosophy - Vedic philosophy
• Ancient philosophy - Classical Indian philosophy
• Ancient philosophy - Old Iranian philosophy
• Ancient philosophy - Chinese philosophy

Read more here: » Ancient philosophy: Encyclopedia - Ancient philosophy

Akshapada Gotama (? c. 5th century BC or 2nd century BC) (also spelt as Aksapada Gautama and in other ways) was the originator of the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy. His sutras provide a systematic presentation of the logical approach to philosophy. He was a logician who authored the Nyaya Sutras, considered the foundation of the Nyaya school of Hinduism. Aksapada is believed to be Gautama Rishi, one of the Saptarishis (The Seven Sages) and is known as Dirghatapas; because of the various ways of renderin

Read more here: » Akshapada Gotama: Encyclopedia - Akshapada Gotama

Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Purva Mimamsa Advaita Vedanta Vishishtadvaita Dvaita Carvaka Jain Buddhist Logic Hindu philosophy (one of the main divisions of Indian philosophy) is traditionally seen through the prism of six different systems (called darshanas in Sanskrit) that are listed here and make up the main belief systems of Hinduism. Th ...

Including:

• Hindu philosophy - Hindu Philosophy: The Six Main Schools of Thought
• Hindu philosophy - Samkhya
• Hindu philosophy - Nyaya
• Hindu philosophy - Vaisheshika
• Hindu philosophy - Yoga
• Hindu philosophy - Purva Mimamsa
• Hindu philosophy - Uttara Mimamsa: The Three Schools of Vedanta

Read more here: » Hindu philosophy: Encyclopedia - Hindu philosophy

Jainism (pronounced in English as /ˈdʒeɪ.nɪzm̩/), traditionally known as Jain Dharma (जैन धर्म) , is a religion and philosophy originating in the prehistory of South Asia. Now a minority in modern India with growing communities in the US, Western Europe, Africa and elsewhere, Jains have continued to sustain the the ancient Shraman (श्रमण) tradition. Jainism has significantly influenced the ethical, political and economic spheres in India for well ...

Including:

• Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma
• Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology
• Jainism - Beliefs and practices
• Jainism - Jain Symbols
• Jainism - Jain Literature
• Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals
• Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions
• Jainism - Geographical spread and influence
• Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture
• Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology
• Jainism - Holy sites
• Jainism - Jain Temples in the West
• Jainism - Holy days
• Jainism - Jainism and other religions

Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia - Jainism

Osho (Rajneesh) claimed that the greatest values in life are (in no specific order) love, meditation and laughter, and that the sole goal of human life was to reach spiritual enlightenment. He extracted and expounded truth and techniques from various spiritual sources. He was a prolific speaker both in Hindi and English on various spiritual traditions including those of Buddha, Krishna, Jesus, Socrates, Zen masters, Hassid, Sufism and many others. His lectures were mixed with wit and jokes. His discourses have been printed in several hundred books an ...

See also:

Rajneesh, Rajneesh - Osho's philosophy, Rajneesh - Osho on meditation, Rajneesh - Biographical notes, Rajneesh - Childhood and awakening, Rajneesh - The Commune, Rajneesh - The U.S. chapter, Rajneesh - Back in Pune, Rajneesh - Quotations, Rajneesh - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rajneesh: Encyclopedia II - Rajneesh - Osho's philosophy

East Asian Tigers - Mainland China. Main article: Economy of the People's Republic of China Comparison between mainland China and the Tigers can be divided between the Maoist era and the era of reform starting with Deng Xiaoping. The main question that has been raised with respect to the Maoist era is to what extent the economic performance of the Tigers was reproducible in Mainland China in the 1960s. The main question that has been raised with respect to the post-Maoist era is to what ...

See also:

East Asian Tigers, East Asian Tigers - Background, East Asian Tigers - Characteristics of the Tiger economies, East Asian Tigers - Criticism of the export-driven trade model, East Asian Tigers - Comparisons, East Asian Tigers - Mainland China, East Asian Tigers - India, East Asian Tigers - Taiwan: A case study

Read more here: » East Asian Tigers: Encyclopedia II - East Asian Tigers - Comparisons

The RSS has been described by the 'Economist' as the largest non-communist revolutionary organisation in the world.The sangh is noted for its patriotism, nationalism,dedication, ideology etc.The Sangh organises itself hierarchically, with a single individual, the sarsanghachalak, directing it. The position is decided by appointment, with each sarsanghachalak appointing his successor. The current sarsanghachalak of RSS is K.S. Sudarshan. Most of the organisational work of the Sangh is done through the coordination of shakhas, or branch ...

See also:

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Organization, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - RSS Sarsanghchalaks, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Roots and history, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Political clout, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Shakha, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Office bearers, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Organisations inspired by RSS

Read more here: » Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: Encyclopedia II - Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Organization