Definition and meaning of Paleo-Indians:

Paleo-Indians

The Paleo-Indians were the first human inhabitants of the Americas, who crossed the land bridge from Asia perhaps as long as fifty thousand years ago and survived by hunting large mammals.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Indian policies

Indian policies - [Social Studies]

Since the arrival of Columbus in North America, Native Americans have faced European diseases, expansion, and competitiveness. Conflict over the rights of settlers to locate on land occupied by Native Americans prompted wars with tribes throughout the east and west. The traditions of Native Americans disappeared as they were removed from their homelands, isolated on reservations, and forced to abandon their rituals. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, established to care for the Indians, was challenged to make their lives on reservations bearable. In efforts to assimilate Native Americans, Congress passed the Dawes Act in 1887. It dissolved many tribes as legal entities, did away with tribal ownership of land, and gave heads of individual families 160 acres. If they cooperated, they secured title and citizenship in 25 years, a period of time later extended. Many Native Americans refused to comply with the act and stayed on their reservation land. All Native Americans were not granted citizenship until 1924. The idea of destroying tribal culture to further assimilation remained an aspect of federal policy until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 which attempted to restore the tribal basis of life as a way to realize social and economic reform. After World War II, the federal government again reduced aid to Indian reservations and confiscated more land. In the 1960s, following the example set by African Americans in their quest for civil rights, Native Americans formed the American Indian Movement to.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Indian policies

Indian policies - [Social Studies]

Since the arrival of Columbus in North America, Native Americans have faced European diseases, expansion, and competitiveness. Conflict over the rights of settlers to locate on land occupied by Native Americans prompted wars with tribes throughout the east and west. The traditions of Native Americans disappeared as they were removed from their homelands, isolated on reservations, and forced to abandon their rituals. The Bureau of Indian Affairs, established to care for the Indians, was challenged to make their lives on reservations bearable. In efforts to assimilate Native Americans, Congress passed the Dawes Act in 1887. It dissolved many tribes as legal entities, did away with tribal ownership of land, and gave heads of individual families 160 acres. If they cooperated, they secured title and citizenship in 25 years, a period of time later extended. Many Native Americans refused to comply with the act and stayed on their reservation land. All Native Americans were not granted citizenship until 1924. The idea of destroying tribal culture to further assimilation remained an aspect of federal policy until the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 which attempted to restore the tribal basis of life as a way to realize social and economic reform. After World War II, the federal government again reduced aid to Indian reservations and confiscated more land. In the 1960s, following the example set by African Americans in their quest for civil rights, Native Americans formed the American Indian Movement to.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

traditional Indian medicine: 1. (TIM, American Indian Healing, Indian Medicine, Native American Healing Ways, Traditional Native American Medicine Ways) Native American shamanism. 2. Ayurveda.

(See also: Traditional Indian medicine, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Definition and meaning of American Indian Movement:

American Indian Movement

Members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) demanded the return of lands taken illegally from their ancestors. They launched a concerted effort to revive tribal cultures and used confrontations with the federal government to publicize their case for Indian rights. Some sought Indian nationalism in the form of establishing Indian states within states.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM):

1. Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani.
2. Ayurveda, naturopathy, Siddha, Tibetan medicine, Unani, and yoga.

(See also: Indian Systems of Medicine, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Definition and meaning of Board of Indian Commissioners:

Board of Indian Commissioners

Established in 1869, the Board of Indian Commissioners was a nonpartison board created as an advisory agency to eliminate politics and corruption from the government bureaucracy dealing with Indian affairs.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Bureau of Indian Affairs:

Bureau of Indian Affairs

The Bureau of Indian Affairs was a government agency, within the U.S. Department of the Interior, responsible for carrying out official Indian policy.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

classical Indian medicine (ancient Indian medicine, Ayurveda, classical Ayurveda, classic Hindu medicine, traditional Ayurveda, traditional Indian medicine): A group of certain of the ancient indigenous medical ways of India that stems principally from two ancient treatises - the Caraka Samhita and the Susruta Samhita. Both describe Ayurveda's source as divine.

(See also: Classical Indian medicine, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Definition and meaning of French and Indian War:

French and Indian War

Fourth in the series of great wars between England and France, this conflict (1754<>1763) had its focal point in North America and pitted the French and their Native American allies against the English and their Native American allies. Known in Europe as the Seven Years' War, this struggle drove the French from North America.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Indian Removal Act:

Indian Removal Act

This legislation passed by Congress in 1830 provided funds for removing and resettling eastern Indians in the West. It granted the president the authority to use force if necessary.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Six Schools of Indian Philosophy.

See DARSANA

(See also: Six Schools of Indian Philosophy, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Definition and meaning of Pan-Indian resistance movement:

Pan-Indian resistance movement

This movment called for the political and cultural unification of the Indian tribes in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Indian Reorganization Act of 1934:

Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

This law reversed previous Indian policy by guaranteeing religious freedom and tribal self-government and providing economic assistance.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Indian Self-Determination Act:

Indian Self-Determination Act

In 1975, responding to AIM and public sympathy, Congress passed the Indian Self-Determination Act. It gave individual tribes greater control over matters of their education, welfare programs, and law enforcement.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Dharma

Indian (Bharat) expression for the "eternal law of the cosmos", "inherent property in the nature of the things". -Origin Sanskrit, literally 'decree, custom, or property of something'. From spiritual point of view it means - characteristics of truth, honesty, and justice - Also it is often used in the sense of "religion", e.g. Christian religion, Hindu religion (dharma) etc. [The word is accepted in New English Oxford Dictionary].€€€

(See also: Dharma, Hinduism, Yoga, Body Mind and Soul)

Definition and meaning of Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean:

CORDIO (Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean) - CORDIO is an international program created to respond to the degradation of coral reefs throughout the Indian Ocean. In the western Indian Ocean region coral reefs are key ecosystems that support large sectors of the countries' populations and economies, through artisanal fisheries, tourism and large-scale investments. Projects within CORDIO focus on determining a) the biophysical impacts of coral degradation as a result of bleaching and other disturbances, and the long term prospects for recovery, b) the socio-economic impacts of coral mortality and options for mitigating these through management and development of alternative livelihoods, and c) the prospects of restoration and rehabilitation of reefs to accelerate the ecological and economic recovery.

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

neo-Indian religion: Navabharata Dharma.

A modern form of liberal Hinduism that carries forward basic Hindu cultural values - such as dress, diet and the arts - while allowing religious values to subside. It emerged after the British Raj, when India declared itself an independent, secular state. It was cultivated by the Macaulay education system, implanted in India by the British, which aggressively undermined Hindu thought and belief. Neo- Indian religion encourages Hindus to follow any combination of theological, scriptural, sadhana and worship patterns, regardless of sectarian or religious origin. Extending out of and beyond the Smarta system of worshiping the Gods of each major sect, it incorporates holy icons from all religions, including Jesus, Mother Mary and Buddha. Many Navabharatis choose to not call themselves Hindus but to declare themselves members of all the world's religions.

See: panchayatana puja, Smartism, Smarta Sampradaya, syncretism, universalist.

(See also: Neo-Indian religion, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Indian Head Massage

A massage of the upper-back, arms, neck, head and face which is carried out on a fully-clothed client, usually sitting in an upright chair (as opposed to lying on a therapy/treatment couch).

(See also: Indian Head Massage, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Native American Indian health care:

community-based health care practices found among the tribes of North America that share the use of sweating, purging, herbal remedies, and shamanism.

(See also: Native American Indian health care, Alternative Medicine, Body Mind and Soul)