India's independent judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and 25 other justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the Chief Justice of India. In the 1960s India moved away from using juries for most trials, finding them to be corrupt and ineffective, instead almost all trials are conducted by judges. In ...

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Politics of India, Politics of India - Justice System, Politics of India - Political Parties in India

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Political integration of India, Political integration of India - British India, Political integration of India - The states, Political integration of India - Process of accession, Political integration of India - Instrument of accession, Political integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political integration of India - Accession of the states, Political integration of India - Junagadh, Political integration of India - Kashmir, Political integration of India - Hyderabad, Political integration of India - Conflicting agendas, Political integration of India - Integrating the Union, Political integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political integration of India - States reorganization, Political integration of India - Punjab and northeastern India, Political integration of India - Integration in media, Political integration of India - Into the 21st century, Political integration of India - Notes

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British colonization of Indian subcontinent began in the early 18th century. By the mid-19th century, most of the subcontinent was under British rule. With the arrival of Lord Louis Mountbatten as the Viceroy of India in early 1947, the British government under Prime Minister Clement Attlee made a clear indication that the independence of India was imminent.[1] India's top political parties, the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League were both negotiating the impending transfer of po ...

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Political integration of India, Political integration of India - British India, Political integration of India - The states, Political integration of India - Process of accession, Political integration of India - Instrument of accession, Political integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political integration of India - Accession of the states, Political integration of India - Junagadh, Political integration of India - Kashmir, Political integration of India - Hyderabad, Political integration of India - Conflicting agendas, Political integration of India - Integrating the Union, Political integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political integration of India - States reorganization, Political integration of India - Punjab and northeastern India, Political integration of India - Integration in media, Political integration of India - Into the 21st century, Political integration of India - Notes

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The Republic of India, commonly known as India, is a country in South Asia which comprises the majority of the Indian subcontinent. India has a coastline which stretches over seven thousand kilometres, and shares a border with Pakistan to the west, the People's Republic of China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. On the Indian Ocean, it is adjacent to three island nations -- the Maldives (to the southwest), Sri Lanka (to the south), and Indonesia (to the southeast). India also claims a ...

Including:

India - History India - Government India - Politics India - States and union territories India - Geography India - Economy India - Demographics India - Culture India - Sports and games India - Holidays India - Notes

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For most of its independent history, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress Party (INC). Following its position as the largest political organisation in pre-independence India, the INC, usually led by a member of the Nehru-Gandhi family, dominated national politics for over four decades. In 1975, the government led by Indira Gandhi imposed Emergency Rule across the nation. After emergency was lifted in 1977, and fresh elections were called, a united opposition, under the banner of the Janata Party won the elections and f ...

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India, India - History, India - Government, India - Politics, India - States and union territories, India - Geography, India - Economy, India - Demographics, India - Culture, India - Sports and games, India - Holidays, India - Notes

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For most of its independent history, India's national government has been controlled by the Indian National Congress Party. Following its position as the largest political organisation in pre-independence India, Congress, usually led by a member of the Nehru-Gandhi family, dominated national politics for over forty years. In 1977, a united opposition, under the banner of the Janata Party, won the election and formed a non-Congress government for a short period after the unpopular 'emergency rule' imposed by Indira Gandhi in the previous Cong ...

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India, India - History, India - Government, India - Politics, India - States and union territories, India - Geography, India - Economy, India - Demographics, India - Culture, India - Sports and games, India - Holidays, India - Notes

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See Also: Indian Independence Movement, British India, Partition of India, Indian Independence Act 1947 With the arrival of Lord Louis Mountbatten in early 1947, the British government led by Prime Minister Clement Attlee made a clear indication that the independence of India was imminent. India's top political parties, the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League were engaged in discussions to prepare a plan for transfer of power, and the make-up of the new Indian government. To this end, elections were held fo ...

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Political Integration of India, Political Integration of India - British India and the States, Political Integration of India - Provinces of British India, Political Integration of India - The States, Political Integration of India - Other British domains in South Asia, Political Integration of India - Process of Accession and Integration, Political Integration of India - Instrument of Accession, Political Integration of India - Reactions, Political Integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political Integration of India - Accession of the States, Political Integration of India - Junagadh, Political Integration of India - Kashmir, Political Integration of India - Hyderabad, Political Integration of India - A Game of Chess?, Political Integration of India - Consolidation and Reorganization of the Union, Political Integration of India - Constitution and Republic, Political Integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political Integration of India - The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Political Integration of India - Punjab and Northeastern India, Political Integration of India - Into the 21st century

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From June to August 15, 1947, 562 of the 565 India-linked states signed the instrument of accession. Despite dramatic political exchanges, Travancore, Jodhpur and Indore signed on time. Patel was also willing to take on other Indian leaders for the sake of accomplishing the job. The privy purse pledge was offensive to many socialists, and Prime Minister Nehru had complained of Patel by-passing the Cabinet. Patel described the pledge as an essential guarantee of the Government's intentions, and it was duly incorporated into the Constit ...

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Political integration of India, Political integration of India - British India, Political integration of India - The states, Political integration of India - Process of accession, Political integration of India - Instrument of accession, Political integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political integration of India - Accession of the states, Political integration of India - Junagadh, Political integration of India - Kashmir, Political integration of India - Hyderabad, Political integration of India - Conflicting agendas, Political integration of India - Integrating the Union, Political integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political integration of India - States reorganization, Political integration of India - Punjab and northeastern India, Political integration of India - Integration in media, Political integration of India - Into the 21st century, Political integration of India - Notes

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The geography of India is extremely diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, hills and plateaus. Climate ranges from equatorial in the far south, to tundra in the Himalayan altitudes. India comprises most of the Indian subcontinent and has a long coastline of over 7,000 km (4,300 miles), most of which lies on a peninsula that protrudes into the Indian Ocean. India is bounded in the west ...

Including:

Geography of India - Location and extent Geography of India - Political geography Geography of India - Geographical regions
Geography of India - Mountains Geography of India - Indo-Gangetic plain Geography of India - Thar Desert Geography of India - Highlands Geography of India - East coast Geography of India - West coast Geography of India - Islands
Geography of India - Rivers Geography of India - Bodies of water Geography of India - Wetlands
Geography of India - The Sundarbans Geography of India - Rann of Kutch
Geography of India - Climate Geography of India - Geology Geography of India - Natural disasters Geography of India - Natural resources Geography of India - International agreements Geography of India - Notes

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The culture of India is one of the oldest cultures in the world. In modern India, there is remarkable cultural diversity throughout the country. The South, North, and Northeast have their own distinct cultures and almost every state has carved out its own cultural niche. In spite of the diversity, it's bound by a common a thread as one civilization perhaps because of its common history and transfer of age old knowledge in the geographies. Indian culture and religions had great impacts on South East Asia and this is evident in the lega ...

Including:

Culture of India - Cultural policy Culture of India - History Culture of India - Drama and theatre Culture of India - Literature Culture of India - Dance Culture of India - Music Culture of India - Art
Culture of India - Painting
Culture of India - Movies Culture of India - Recreation and sports Culture of India - Cuisine Culture of India - Different communities Culture of India - Political culture

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Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the Minister for Home and States Affairs, given the explicit responsibility of welding an united and strategically secure India in time for the transfer of power. The chief secretary of the States Department, later the Ministry of States was V.P. Menon, who became Patel's right-hand. H.M. Patel, chief secretary of the Home Ministry also played an important role. India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, as the President of the All India States Peoples Conference was an influential leader who helped Patel's ...

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Political Integration of India, Political Integration of India - British India and the States, Political Integration of India - Provinces of British India, Political Integration of India - The States, Political Integration of India - Other British domains in South Asia, Political Integration of India - Process of Accession and Integration, Political Integration of India - Instrument of Accession, Political Integration of India - Reactions, Political Integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political Integration of India - Accession of the States, Political Integration of India - Junagadh, Political Integration of India - Kashmir, Political Integration of India - Hyderabad, Political Integration of India - A Game of Chess?, Political Integration of India - Consolidation and Reorganization of the Union, Political Integration of India - Constitution and Republic, Political Integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political Integration of India - The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Political Integration of India - Punjab and Northeastern India, Political Integration of India - Into the 21st century

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The states of Gwalior, Bikaner, Patiala and Baroda were the first to join India on April 28, 1947. Others were wary, distrusting a democratic government led by revolutionaries and fearful of losing their influence as rulers. Thus, Travancore and Hyderabad announced their desire for independence while the Nawab of Bhopal, Hamidullah Khan, expressed his desire to either negotiate with Pakistan or seek independence. The Nawab was a powerful influence on a number of princes, as he was the former chancellor of the Chamber of Princes. In ad ...

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Political integration of India, Political integration of India - British India, Political integration of India - The states, Political integration of India - Process of accession, Political integration of India - Instrument of accession, Political integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political integration of India - Accession of the states, Political integration of India - Junagadh, Political integration of India - Kashmir, Political integration of India - Hyderabad, Political integration of India - Conflicting agendas, Political integration of India - Integrating the Union, Political integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political integration of India - States reorganization, Political integration of India - Punjab and northeastern India, Political integration of India - Integration in media, Political integration of India - Into the 21st century, Political integration of India - Notes

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From May of 1947, Sardar Patel had worked to lobby the princes, to make them hospitable to dialogue with the future Government of India, and make them partners instead of sources of potential conflict. Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, the leaders with Patel of India's freedom struggle were of the opinion that he was best suited to handle the problem, while Mountbatten and British officials also expressed relief that Patel had been chosen to address the ...

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Political Integration of India, Political Integration of India - British India and the States, Political Integration of India - Provinces of British India, Political Integration of India - The States, Political Integration of India - Other British domains in South Asia, Political Integration of India - Process of Accession and Integration, Political Integration of India - Instrument of Accession, Political Integration of India - Reactions, Political Integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political Integration of India - Accession of the States, Political Integration of India - Junagadh, Political Integration of India - Kashmir, Political Integration of India - Hyderabad, Political Integration of India - A Game of Chess?, Political Integration of India - Consolidation and Reorganization of the Union, Political Integration of India - Constitution and Republic, Political Integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political Integration of India - The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Political Integration of India - Punjab and Northeastern India, Political Integration of India - Into the 21st century

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Many of the 565 states that had joined the Union were very small and lacked resources to sustain their economies and support their growing populations. Many published their own currency, imposed restrictions and their own tax rules that impeded free trade. Although Prajamandals (People's Conventions) had been organized to increase democracy, a contentious debate opened over dissolving the very states India promised to officially recognize just months ago. Challenged by princes, Sardar Patel and V. P. Menon emphasized that witho ...

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Political integration of India, Political integration of India - British India, Political integration of India - The states, Political integration of India - Process of accession, Political integration of India - Instrument of accession, Political integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political integration of India - Accession of the states, Political integration of India - Junagadh, Political integration of India - Kashmir, Political integration of India - Hyderabad, Political integration of India - Conflicting agendas, Political integration of India - Integrating the Union, Political integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political integration of India - States reorganization, Political integration of India - Punjab and northeastern India, Political integration of India - Integration in media, Political integration of India - Into the 21st century, Political integration of India - Notes

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From June to August 15th, 1947, 562 of the 565 India-linked states signed the instrument of accession, largely due to the personal appeals and direct diplomacy of Sardar Patel, V.P. Menon and with the help of Lord Mountbatten and Jawaharlal Nehru. In the strenous process of integration, three major conflicts arose that posed a major threat to Indian security and unity. One, the Kashmir problem continues to this da ...

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Political Integration of India, Political Integration of India - British India and the States, Political Integration of India - Provinces of British India, Political Integration of India - The States, Political Integration of India - Other British domains in South Asia, Political Integration of India - Process of Accession and Integration, Political Integration of India - Instrument of Accession, Political Integration of India - Reactions, Political Integration of India - Patel's diplomacy, Political Integration of India - Accession of the States, Political Integration of India - Junagadh, Political Integration of India - Kashmir, Political Integration of India - Hyderabad, Political Integration of India - A Game of Chess?, Political Integration of India - Consolidation and Reorganization of the Union, Political Integration of India - Constitution and Republic, Political Integration of India - Pondicherry and Goa, Political Integration of India - The States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Political Integration of India - Punjab and Northeastern India, Political Integration of India - Into the 21st century

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The Constitution of India stipulates that India be a federal polity with a central government in New Delhi, and state governments for the various states and Union territories. Consequently, political parties in India are classified as national and state (regional) parties based on their realms of influence. See list of recognised political parties in India List of political parties in India - National parties. Bahujan Samaj Party ("Majority Society Party", BSP, led by Mayawati) Bharat ...

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List of political parties in India, List of political parties in India - The parties, List of political parties in India - National parties, List of political parties in India - State parties, List of political parties in India - Other parties represented in the Lok Sabha, List of political parties in India - Registered Unrecognized Parties, List of political parties in India - A, List of political parties in India - B, List of political parties in India - C, List of political parties in India - D, List of political parties in India - E, List of political parties in India - F, List of political parties in India - G, List of political parties in India - H, List of political parties in India - I, List of political parties in India - J, List of political parties in India - K, List of political parties in India - L, List of political parties in India - M, List of political parties in India - N, List of political parties in India - O, List of political parties in India - P, List of political parties in India - Q, List of political parties in India - R, List of political parties in India - S, List of political parties in India - T, List of political parties in India - U, List of political parties in India - V, List of political parties in India - Y, List of political parties in India - Other parties, List of political parties in India - Parties from the past, List of political parties in India - Coalitions, List of political parties in India - Political parties listed by relationship, List of political parties in India - Distribution of seats in the Fourteenth Lok Sabha

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India is divided into 28 states (which are further subdivided into districts), six union territories and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. States have their own elected government, while Union Territories are governed by an administrator appointed by the union government. States: Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka< ...

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Geography of India, Geography of India - Location and extent, Geography of India - Political geography, Geography of India - Geographical regions, Geography of India - Mountains, Geography of India - Indo-Gangetic plain, Geography of India - Thar Desert, Geography of India - Highlands, Geography of India - East coast, Geography of India - West coast, Geography of India - Islands, Geography of India - Rivers, Geography of India - Bodies of water, Geography of India - Wetlands, Geography of India - The Sundarbans, Geography of India - Rann of Kutch, Geography of India - Climate, Geography of India - Geology, Geography of India - Natural disasters, Geography of India - Natural resources, Geography of India - International agreements, Geography of India - Notes

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Main Article: Political Integration of India The British India consisted of some provinces and a few hundred princely states. The provinces were given to India or Pakistan, some provinces were partitioned and then given to the two nations. However, the princely states were given a right to either remain independent or join either nation. Not all princely states joined India on the day of independence on 15 August 1947. Hyderabad - the state's occupation by Indian troops between September 13 - September 17 ...

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History of Independent India, History of Independent India - Political Integration of India, History of Independent India - Constitution, History of Independent India - The 1950s and 1960s, History of Independent India - Military Conflicts, History of Independent India - The 1970s and Emergency, History of Independent India - The 1980s, History of Independent India - The Era of Coalitions, History of Independent India - Into the 21st century

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Indian Buddhism weakened in the 7th century following White Hun and early Islamic invasions such as that of Muhammad bin Qasim. Beyond the direct political effects, these invasions also impeded commercial ties to the west, weakening the merchant classes who tended to sponsor Buddhism [1]. However, Buddhism would enjoy a strong revival under the Pala Empire in the northeast. Mahayana Buddhism flourished under the Palas, between the 8th and the 12th century. However, after the defe ...

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Decline of Buddhism in India, Decline of Buddhism in India - Integration with life in India, Decline of Buddhism in India - Political and military developments, Decline of Buddhism in India - Assimilation conversion and destruction, Decline of Buddhism in India - Survival of Buddhism in India, Decline of Buddhism in India - Revival

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2000s in India - Cricket. Sachin Tendulkar Saurav Ganguly Rahul Dravid VVS Laxman 2000s in India - Hockey. Dhanraj Pillai 2000s in India - Chess. Viswanathan Anand ...

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2000s in India, 2000s in India - The decade as a whole, 2000s in India - Political fronts, 2000s in India - Politicians, 2000s in India - Entertainers, 2000s in India - Bollywood actors, 2000s in India - Sportspersons, 2000s in India - Cricket, 2000s in India - Hockey, 2000s in India - Chess, 2000s in India - Industrialists, 2000s in India - Trends

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