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| India | A Wisdom Archive on India |  | India A selection of articles related to India:
Willi. See VILI
Will-less A condition of beings who have not yet evolved forth free will, hence without initiative or self-determination. A specific instance is the case where will-less may be applied to the gods in heaven against whom Satan rebelled (as narrated in Milton''s Paradise Lost). In theosophical literature, used in reference to mankind in its early stages before manas (mind) became awakened, hence to the first and second root-races and early third root-race
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Below are some short introductions. Click on the blue hyperlinked word to get more related articles.
Arunagirinathar - (Tamil) South Indian Saivite poet saint (ca 1500).
See: Kandar Anubhuti.
Kriyakramadyotika - (Sanskrit) A manual by Aghorasiva (ca 1050) detailing Agamic Saiva ritual. It is used widely by South Indian priests today.
Kilna - Kilna ((E.Indian)) Hindu term for the mantra or charm which yogis practice to prevent the fatal bite of a venomous serpent.
Kerala - (Sanskrit) The small Indian state, formerly called Konkan, along the southwestern tip of India. Area 15,000 square miles, population 25 million.
Materialism - The doctrine that matter is the only reality, that all life, thought and feelings are but the effects of movements of matter, and that there exist no worlds but the physical. Materialists usually hold that there is no God - a cosmic, material, prime mover perhaps, but no personal God. An Indian school of thought which propounded this view was the Charvaka.
See: atheism, Charvaka, nastika, worldly.
Pisachas - Pisachas pisacas (Sanskrit) Shades, fading remnants or shells of human beings in kama-loka, which become elementaries, or malevolent astral beings, in the cases of people who live a consistently evil life while in incarnation. In southern Indian folklore the pisachas are ghosts, demons, larvae, and vampires -- generally female -- who haunt men. In the Puranas, they are goblins or demons created by Brahma.
In archaic Hindu literature, the pisachas are connected with the daityas, danavas, etc. Here they are no longer mere astral shells, but represent evolving beings of the earlier races of man: "The Demons, so called in the Puranas, are very extraordinary devils when judged from the standpoint of European and orthodox views about these creatures, since all of them -- Danavas, Daityas, Pisachas, and the Rakshasas -- are represented as extremely pious, following the precepts of the Vedas, some of them even being great Yogis.
But they oppose the clergy and Ritualism, sacrifices and forms -- just what the full-blown Yogins do to this day in India -- and are no less respected for it, though they are allowed to follow neither caste nor ritual; hence all those Puranic giants and Titans are called Devils" (SD 1:415).
Kashmir - (Sanskrit) The Northernmost area of India, part of the present-day state of Jammu and Kashmir. It figures prominently in the history of Saivism. Area 115,000 square miles, under dispute between India and Pakistan. Population is six million in the Indian sector.
Chidambaram - (Tamil) "Hall of Consciousness."
A very famous South Indian Siva Nataraja temple.
See: Nataraja.
Chandra - This is the Moon and also the name of the demigod who rules the Moon, Chandradeva. He is one of the primeval demigods in this cycle of creation. This is what Indian or Hindu astrologers call in India, as well as the Moon.
Maharaja - (Sanskrit) "Great king."
Indian monarch. Title of respect for political or (in modern times) spiritual leaders.
Assam - (Sanskrit) Indian state in the northeast corner of the country, south of Bhutan, almost separated from the rest of India by Bangladesh. Area 30,000 square miles, population 21 million.
Tamasha - Tamasha (East Indian) Used by Hindus and Anglo-Indians to signify show, representation, phenomenon, hence often illusion.
Andhra Pradesh - Andhra Pradesh (Pradesha): (Sanskrit) Modern Indian state located on the southeast coast of India north of Tamil Nadu. The capital is Hyderabad. Language: Telegu. Dominant faith: Vaishnavism. Area: 106,000 square miles. Population 54 million. Famous for its opulent Tirupati Vaishnava temple.
Vivekananda - (1863-1902) A Hindu reformer and Indian culture hero, born Narendranath Datta, who founded the Vedanta Society (New York, 1895) as well as both the Ramakrishna Mission and the Ramakrishna Order in India (1897).
Charvaka - (Sanskrit) "Good or sweet voice or word."
Indian philosopher (ca 600 bce) who fashioned the school of pure materialism bearing his name. One of the great skeptics of all time.
See: nastika.
Ashvaghosha - (Sanskrit) Buddhist scholar, pantheist philosopher (ca 80 bce150 ce), and one of the great poets of Indian history. A principal architect of the Mahayana school.
See: pantheism.
Ayurveda - (Sanskrit) "Science of life." A holistic system of medicine and health native to ancient India. This sacred Vedic science is an Upaveda of the Atharva Veda. Three early giants in this field who left voluminous texts are Charaka, Sushruta and Vagbhata.
Ayurveda covers many areas, including:
chikitsa, general medicine,
shalya, surgery,
dehavritti, physiology,
nidana, diagnosis,
dravyavidya, medicine and pharmacology,
agada tantra, antidote method,
stritantra, gynecology,
pashu vidya, veterinary science,
kaumara bhritya, pediatrics, 1
urdhvanga, diseases of the organs of the head,
bhuta vidya, demonology, 1
rasayana, tonics, rejuvenating,
vajikarana, sexual rejuvenation.
Among the first known surgeons was Sushruta (ca 600 bce), whose Sushruta Samhita is studied to this day. (Hippocrates, Greek father of medicine, lived two centuries later.) The aims of ayurveda are ayus, "long life," and arogya, "diseaselessness," which facilitate progress toward ultimate spiritual goals. Health is achieved by balancing energies (especially the doshas, bodily humors) at all levels of being, subtle and gross, through innumerable methods, selected according to the individual''s constitution, lifestyle and nature. Similar holistic medical systems are prevalent among many communities, including the Chinese, American Indians, Africans and South Americans.
See: doshas.
Adisaiva - (Sanskrit) A hereditary priest and teacher of the South Indian Saiva Siddhanta tradition; Saivite brahmins descended from the gotras of five rishis and who alone are entitled to conduct rites in Agamic Siva temples. Adisaiva and Sivacharya are synonyms for this hereditary priest lineage.
See: Sivacharya.
Bharat - n (Sanskrit) "He who supports, maintains or bears a burden." The ancient and original name of Indian lands and the constitutional name of independent India. (Bharat In Hindi.) Also, Bharatavarsha "land of Bharata," a legendary monarch and sage.: : : : : : : : : : :
Vighadia - Vighadia (East Indian) [cf Sanskrit vighatika]
A medieval and modern Hindu term used in the reckoning of time; sixty vighadias equal one ghadia so that a vighadia equals 24 seconds.
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| | ARTICLES RELATED TO India | | | | | * Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary on Will
Will The ensouling creative essence of abstract, eternal motion throughout the kosmos. As an eternal principle it is neither spirit nor substance but everlasting ideation. In its abstract sense, it is a hierarchy of intelligent forces emanating from the aggregate of the hosts of beings, visible and invisible, which are nature itself.
The so-called laws of nature are the action and interaction of the combined consciousnesses and wills which pervade the kosmos. The will pours forth in floods of light and life from the primal Logos. These floods, following the pathways of universal circulation, come to us from the central heart of the solar system -- insofar as our solar universe is concerned. They thus descend, plane by plane and cycle by cycle, into the depths of matter, from which finally they arise again towards their primal source.
In this progressive descent and ascent, will is made to manifest in keeping with each plane or state of consciousness which it enters. There is, therefore, the one fundamental kosmic will-ideation, breaking into innumerable streams of willing entities during periods of manifestation, and thus it operates in myriad ways, in every round of the endless ladder of life.
Divine or universal thought and will come into manifestation through the collective hosts of spiritual beings, the dhyani-chohans, who are the vehicles through which the unmanifested appears. "They are the Intelligent Forces that give to and enact in Nature her ''laws,'' while themselves acting according to laws imposed upon them in a similar manner by still higher Powers; but they are not ''the personifications'' of the powers of Nature, as erroneously thought" (SD 1:38). The natural law which preserves the balanced motion of planetary rotation was explained by Herschel''s saying "that there is a will needed to impart a circular motion and another will to restrain it" (SD 1:503).
In the composite human being -- the microcosm -- there are the divine, spiritual, intellectual, emotional, animal, astral, and even physical wills. The old maxim "behind will stands desire" accounts for the paradoxical influence of this colorless force which is used to energize both good and evil motives. Thus, as it operates through the intermediate human nature, the individual consciously and unconsciously gives it a right or wrong direction, according to his use of free will in choosing his course of conduct. The divine will is expressed in the sublime, impersonal desires of lofty celestial deities; while at the opposite pole, selfish, sensual, animal desires too often direct the action of the human will. The origin of good and evil lies respectively in the harmony and the conflict of wills in the kosmos.
The special physical organ of the human will is the pituitary gland. The brain and body show the different action of the conscious, positive, volitional will and of the negative, automatic, vegetative will. The latter energizes the mysteries of organic functions carried on by various conscious or semiconscious elemental entities who themselves act instinctively under the intelligent, harmonious laws of nature for the body''s welfare.
Will power is a mighty, colorless force or energy which can be set in motion by one who has the power and knowledge to do so. In India, in combination with abstract desire, it is mentioned as one of six primary powers (ichchhasakti) by which the adept accomplishes many of his wonders. "The ancients held that any idea will manifest itself externally, if one''s attention (and Will) is deeply concentrated upon it; similarly, an intense volition will be followed by the desired result . . . For creation is but the result of will acting on phenomenal matter, the calling forth out of the primordial divine Light and eternal Life "(SD 2:173). The occult power of will explains many scientific problems of animate and inanimate matter. In human beings, it may consciously and unconsciously act upon other human wills and upon that of beasts; likewise, it may act upon physical and astral substance to produce various phenomena such as levitation, fire-walking, birthmarks, etc. "Paracelsus teaches that ''determined will is the beginning of all magical operations. It is because men do not perfectly imagine and believe the result, that the (occult) arts are so uncertain, while they might be perfectly certain'' " (TG 370).
(See also: Will , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)
For more dictionary entries, see » India Dictionary |
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| | | | * Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary on Winged Wheel
Winged Wheel Used in mystic philosophy worldwide, depicted under many forms, whether as a winged wheel, globe, egg, disk, etc. The Stanzas of Dzyan state that "Fohat takes five strides, and builds a winged wheel at each corner of the square for the four holy ones." Here winged wheel is a name for the four Maharajas who are the guardians or regents of the cosmic forces of the cardinal points north, south, east, and west (SD 1:122).
More generally, the winged wheel or globe suggests cyclic time unrolling its mysterious destiny, emerging from the darkness of the mists of the past, passing through the present, and pursuing its equally mysterious but always karmic courses into the future. In a more restricted sense, it applies to the reimbodying monads, the egg, wheel, or disk representing the monad or consciousness-center, and its wings suggesting its passage through not only duration but space.
See also WHEEL
(See also: Winged Wheel, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul )
For more dictionary entries, see » India Dictionary |
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| | | | * Spiritual - TheosophyDictionary on Wing, Wings
Wing, Wings Often signifying flight, but more accurately the soaring power of the spirit, literally or metaphorically, as in the wings of Mercury, of Christian, Hebrew, and other angelic figures of the Mesopotamian nations, of the horse Pegasus, of the sphinxes representative of the several human powers, of the winged dragons, of the winged wheels mentioned in Ezekiel''s vision of initiation, and also as descriptive of the workings of fohat. The eternal bird, the flutter of whose wings produces life, represents the dual forces proceeding from boundless space, and the emblem is equivalent to Hansa, the Hindu bird of wisdom. Similar to this is the winged globe of Egypt.
As the emblem in ancient symbolic art, representative of the soaring power of the human spirit-soul within, and from this fundamental idea the emblem has been applied to derivative symbolic ideas, such as the flight of the inner self into interior worlds during the trials of initiation, or the soaring intelligence of the initiate penetrating into the mysteries and secrets of interior worlds.
(See also: Wing, Wings, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul )
For more dictionary entries, see » India Dictionary |
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| | | | * Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary on Wind
Wind Often used synonymously with spirit and breath, which are denoted by similar or identical words in many languages. In the New Testament (John 3:8) Jesus uses the simile of wind for spirit: "The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit." Another equally exact translation reads: "The Spirit breathes wither it will, and you hear its voice (or power), but know not whence it comes and whither its destination; thus is everyone who arises out of the spirit."
Wind is also used alternatively with air. The regents of the cosmic forces of north, south, east, and west -- the four Maharajas connected with karma -- have as their material agents the four corresponding winds or spirits, which mightily influence all living things.
With the Greeks, "the cave of the winds was the earth, and the winds were the winds of the spirit, the circulations of the universe figurated as winds: a cave of which the north gate was made of horn through which they ascend also, but mainly descend. And the south gate of the earth, or of the cave of the winds, was made of ivory, signifying the elephants of the south, as the horn does the tusks of the animals of the north. And out of the south gate go the hordes of men" (SOPh 321-2).
See also ANIMA; PNEUMA; SPIRITUS
(See also: Wind, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul )
For more dictionary entries, see » India Dictionary |
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| | | | * Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary on Wine
Wine Used as an emblem of life and spirit, as in the Mysteries, where at one stage of the initiatory rites wine and bread were offered to the candidate as symbols of spirit and body, the meaning being the same as that conveyed elsewhere by fire and water, or blood and flesh. It was necessary for the aspirant to be perfected in both ways.
The rite was very early adopted from the Dionysian Mysteries by the Christian churches in the sacrament of the Eucharist where wine represents the blood of Christ, and the bread his body. Wine is also connected in the same mystical manner with the Greek god Dionysos or Bacchus, for this divinity represented the Christos or initiator, teacher, and savior of mankind; and thus wine stands for inspiration and holy enthusiasm, varying from divine inspiration and spiritual quickening all down the scale to merely phrenetic exaltation, and even when grossly degenerate, orgiastic, and drunken excitement, such as marked the degraded forms of Bacchic worship.
In the New Testament the parable of the turning of water into wine is another way of stating that exoteric or mythologic teachings were explained and illustrated so that the inner wisdom became known, the wine standing for the inner aspect. Only an adept or initiate is able to do this.
See also BREAD AND WINE; SOMA; VINE
(See also: Wine, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul )
For more dictionary entries, see » India Dictionary |
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