Independent may refer to: Independent (mathematics) independent variable (cf. dependent variable) Independent (nation), a fully autonomous self-governing country, nation or state, generally exercising sovereignty. Independent (politician) Independent (voter) Independent (religion) Independent station, unaffiliated television stations. Independent Television (ITV), the original network of British commercial television broadcasters, set up to provide ...

Including:

• Independent - Newspapers

Read more here: » Independent: Encyclopedia - Independent

See also:

Independent politician, Independent politician - Examples of independent politicians, Independent politician - United States, Independent politician - United Kingdom

Read more here: » Independent politician: Encyclopedia II - Independent politician - Examples of independent politicians

The standard definition says: Two events A and B are independent iff P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B). Here A ∩ B is the intersection of A and B, that is, it is the event that both events A and B occur. More generally, any collection of events -- possibly more than just two of them -- are mutually independent iff for any finite subset A1, ..., An of the collection we have This i ...

See also:

Statistical independence, Statistical independence - Independent events, Statistical independence - Independent random variables, Statistical independence - Conditionally independent random variables

Read more here: » Statistical independence: Encyclopedia II - Statistical independence - Independent events

The term War of Independence is generally used to describe a war occurring over a territory that has declared independence. Once the state that previously held the territory sends in military forces to assert its sovereignty or the native population clashes with the former occupier, a separatist rebellion has begun. If a new state is successfully established, the conflict is subsequently known as a war of independence. Examples include: Algerian War of Independence American War of Independence Ang

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In abstract algebra, a subset S of a field L is algebraically independent over a subfield K if the elements of S do not satisfy any non-trivial polynomial equation with coefficients in K. This means that for every finite sequence α1, ..., αn of elements of S, no two the same, and every non-zero polynomial P(x1, ..., xn) with coefficients in K, we have ...

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Central Independent Television, commonly referred to as Central, is the Independent Television company that succeeded ATV on 1 January 1982. Apart from a new name and logo, the company was essentially a continuation of ATV, having originally applied for the franchise as ATV Midlands Limited. The new name was adopted as one of a set of conditions imposed upon ATV by IBA regulators who believed that the company needed to more fully reflect the area it served. Another condition was that ATV move its headquarters to Birmingham from ...

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The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (in Russian: Содружество Независимых Государств (СНГ) - Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv) is a confederation, or alliance, consisting of 11 former Soviet Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Turkmenistan discontinued p ...

Including:

• Commonwealth of Independent States - History
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Foundation
• Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS crisis
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Role and organization
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Institutions
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Election Observation Missions
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Moves for further integration
• Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS Collective Security Treaty
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Russian Language
• Commonwealth of Independent States - Common Economic Space

Read more here: » Commonwealth of Independent States: Encyclopedia - Commonwealth of Independent States

The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...

Including:

• Wars of Scottish Independence - The First War of Independence: 1296-1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Background to the war: 1286-92
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Beginning of the war: 1296–1306
• Wars of Scottish Independence - King Robert the Bruce: 1306–1314
• Wars of Scottish Independence - From Bannockburn to Edinburgh-Northampton: 1314–1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - The Second War of Independence: 1332–1357

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In the fictional Star Wars universe, the Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS for short) is an organization that existed in the latter years of the Republic. The organization was made up of organizations and star systems that wanted to leave the Republic, numbering "thousands" and with at least "ten thousand ready to join". Several corporations including the Trade Federation, Techno Union, Commerce Guild, Corporate Alliance, and InterGalactic Banking Clan also joined. The organization's main goal was to split from the Republic and form their own government, stating that the Republic had become too ...

Including:

• Confederacy of Independent Systems - History of the Confederacy
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Trade Espionage Geonosian Revolution and Techno Union Treason
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Blockade Crisis
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Count Dooku's Rhetoric
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Crisis
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Clone Wars
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the War
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The End of the Confederacy
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Aftermath
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Threat of a new Droid Army
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Key Members of the Confederacy
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - The Separatist Council
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Other Separatist Members and Allies
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Separatist Army
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Planets Moons and Facilities Claimed by the Confederacy
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Heads of State and Government
• Confederacy of Independent Systems - Quotes

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Gospel of Grace Church or Grace Evangelical church was founded at Shandong by Sheng-Mo Du (度胜魔) in 1881. In 1906, Zong-Zhou Yu (俞宗周) established this church in Shanghai. These were some of the early indigenous churches established by local Chinese Christians. Chinese Independent Churches - 2. The True Jesus Church 真耶穌教會. Founded by Paul Wei, Ling-Sheng Zhang , Peter Wang and others in Beijing in 1917, the General Coordination Board was established in Nanjing which was later moved to S ...

Including:

• Chinese Independent Churches - 1. Gospel of Grace Church 福音堂
• Chinese Independent Churches - 2. The True Jesus Church 真耶穌教會
• Chinese Independent Churches - 3. The Church Assembly Hall 聚會所
• Chinese Independent Churches - 4. The Chinese Christian Church 中華基督教會
• Chinese Independent Churches - 5. The Jesus Family 耶穌家庭
• Chinese Independent Churches - 6. The Chinese Church in Christ 基督徒會堂
• Chinese Independent Churches - Summary

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The Association of Independent Music (commonly known as AIM) is a non-profit trade body established in 1998 by UK independent record labels to represent the independent record sector, which constitutes approximately 25% of the UK market. AIM currently has over 800 record label and distributor members. Most recently AIM have featured in the press over their contract negotiations with Apple for rights to distribute their labels' content on the iTunes service. AIM label tracks were not available on iTunes UK at launch, but ...

Including:

• Association of Independent Music - Significant labels under AIM
• Association of Independent Music - Significant artists under AIM labels
• Association of Independent Music - Music download store partners
• Association of Independent Music - External link

Read more here: » Association of Independent Music: Encyclopedia - Association of Independent Music

The Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) was a period of guerrilla strikes, maquis fighting, terrorism against civilians on both sides, and riots between the French army and colonists, or the "colons" as they were called, in Algeria and the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) and other pro-independence Algerians. The struggle was touched off by the FLN in 1954, only two years before France gave up its control over Tunisia and Morocco. The FLN's main Algerian rival — with the same goal of Algerian independence — ...

Including:

• Algerian War of Independence - Beginning of Hostilities
• Algerian War of Independence - FLN
• Algerian War of Independence - Philippeville
• Algerian War of Independence - Conduct of the War
• Algerian War of Independence - Committee of Public Safety
• Algerian War of Independence - De Gaulle
• Algerian War of Independence - The Evian Accords
• Algerian War of Independence - The pieds-noirs' and harkis' exodus
• Algerian War of Independence - Pieds-noirs
• Algerian War of Independence - Harkis
• Algerian War of Independence - War dead
• Algerian War of Independence - Lasting effects in Algerian politics
• Algerian War of Independence - Reference

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Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP), is a term that encompasses technologies which allow a submarine to operate without the need to surface or use a snorkel to access atmospheric oxygen. The term usually excludes the use of nuclear power, and describes augmenting or replacing the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels. AIP is usually implemented as an auxiliary source. Most such systems generate electricity which in turn drives an electric motor for propulsion or recharging the boat's batteries. The submarine's e ...

Including:

• Air-independent propulsion - Internal oxygen supply
• Air-independent propulsion - History
• Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle diesel engines
• Air-independent propulsion - Closed cycle steam turbines
• Air-independent propulsion - Stirling cycle engines
• Air-independent propulsion - Fuel cells
• Air-independent propulsion - Nuclear power
• Air-independent propulsion - Production Non-Nuclear AIP Submarines

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Independent politician - United States. Recent independent candidates for U.S. President include John Anderson in 1980, Ross Perot in 1992 and Ralph Nader in 2004. Congressman Bernie Sanders has been elected as an independent for Vermont-at-large since 1991 and is the only Independent US Congressman; Vermot also elected Jim Jeffords, the only Independent US Senator. Historically, George Washington was the first and only Independent President in U.S. history, as he was not affliated with any party during his tw ...

See also:

Independent politician, Independent politician - Examples of independent politicians, Independent politician - United States, Independent politician - United Kingdom

Read more here: » Independent politician: Encyclopedia II - Independent politician - Examples of independent politicians

The Declaration of Independence is the document that founded the United States of America. In it, the United States Congress: declares the minimum rights that an equitable government must recognize, shows multiple instances of how the British Crown has failed to recognize these rights in regard to the Thirteen Colonies, and concludes that the Colonies are therefore "free and independent states." The document was unanimously ratified by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This anniversary is celebrated as Independence Day in the United States. The original sign ...

Including:

• Declaration of Independence United States - History
• Declaration of Independence United States - Background
• Declaration of Independence United States - Draft and Adoption
• Declaration of Independence United States - Distribution
• Declaration of Independence United States - Signatories
• Declaration of Independence United States - Annotated text of the Declaration
• Declaration of Independence United States - Introduction
• Declaration of Independence United States - Preamble
• Declaration of Independence United States - Indictment
• Declaration of Independence United States - Denunciation
• Declaration of Independence United States - Conclusion
• Declaration of Independence United States - Differences between draft and final versions
• Declaration of Independence United States - Analysis
• Declaration of Independence United States - Historical Influences
• Declaration of Independence United States - Philosophical background
• Declaration of Independence United States - Practical effects
• Declaration of Independence United States - Influence on other documents
• Declaration of Independence United States - Popular culture
• Declaration of Independence United States - Myths

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The term Unionist is used infrequently in Scottish political debate, partly because it suggests unhelpful parallels with the situation in Northern Ireland. However, there is a strong body of opinion opposed to independence and in favour of the continuation of the union with England. This has never been a homogeneous movement, but rather represents a pro-UK consensus of all the major Scottish political parties apart from the SNP. It is a movement that ranges from those in support of the UK as a unitary state governed from Westminster, to those who support varying degrees of devolution of power and/or con ...

See also:

Scottish independence, Scottish independence - Ideology, Scottish independence - Background, Scottish independence - Home Rule, Scottish independence - Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence - 1970s Revival, Scottish independence - Devolution, Scottish independence - Independence in Europe, Scottish independence - Political Parties, Scottish independence - Opposition to independence, Scottish independence - Political parties links, Scottish independence - External party links

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What is defined above is independence of events. In this section we treat independence of random variables. If X is a real-valued random variable and a is a number, then the event that X ≤ a is an event, so it makes sense to speak of its being, or not being, independent of another event. Two random variables X and Y are independent iff for any numbers a and b the events [X ≤ a] (the event of X being less than or equal to a) and [See also:

Statistical independence, Statistical independence - Independent events, Statistical independence - Independent random variables, Statistical independence - Conditionally independent random variables

Read more here: » Statistical independence: Encyclopedia II - Statistical independence - Independent random variables

In many cases, independence is achieved without a declaration of independence but instead occurs by bilateral agreement. An example of this is the independence of many components of the British Empire, most parts of which achieved independence through negotiation with the United Kingdom government. Australia and Canada, for example, achieved full independence through a series of acts of the respective national parliaments of the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. One notable example of self-government in the absence of a formal dec ...

See also:

Declaration of independence, Declaration of independence - Overview, Declaration of independence - List of UDIs, Declaration of independence - Possible future UDI in Quebec, Declaration of independence - Independence without a UDI

Read more here: » Declaration of independence: Encyclopedia II - Declaration of independence - Independence without a UDI

The Scottish independence movement draws on a view of Scottish history to call for reinstatement of a separate sovereign state. The History of Scotland since 1072 included a series of disputes about boundaries, and arguments as to whether the monarch of England was overlord of the Scottish rulers, who were also mostly of Norman ancestry. During the Wars of Scottish Independence (approximately 1290 - 1363) invasions led to periods of temporary English occupation of parts ...

See also:

Scottish independence, Scottish independence - Ideology, Scottish independence - Background, Scottish independence - Home Rule, Scottish independence - Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence - 1970s Revival, Scottish independence - Devolution, Scottish independence - Independence in Europe, Scottish independence - Political Parties, Scottish independence - Opposition to independence, Scottish independence - Political parties links, Scottish independence - External party links

Read more here: » Scottish independence: Encyclopedia II - Scottish independence - Background

Demands for Scottish independence are based on the idea that Scotland is a nation with separate culture and identity from that of England and ought ultimately to secede from the United Kingdom and revert to the independent status as a nation-state it enjoyed before 1707. The independence movement is a diverse one which ranges from those who seek a gradualist advance to independence through the incremental devolution of governance, and those wishing to move straight to a sovereign state. A Scottish Parliament was created in 1999, devol ...

See also:

Scottish independence, Scottish independence - Ideology, Scottish independence - Background, Scottish independence - Home Rule, Scottish independence - Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence - 1970s Revival, Scottish independence - Devolution, Scottish independence - Independence in Europe, Scottish independence - Political Parties, Scottish independence - Opposition to independence, Scottish independence - Political parties links, Scottish independence - External party links

Read more here: » Scottish independence: Encyclopedia II - Scottish independence - Ideology