inception of Darwin's theory

Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882) was a British naturalist who achieved lasting fame by establishing the fact of evolution and originating the theory that this could be explained through natural and sexual selection. He developed his interest in natural history while studying first medicine, then theology, at university. Darwin's five-year voyage on the Beagle and subsequent writings brought him eminence as a geologist and fame as a popular author. His biological observations led him to study t ...

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• Charles Darwin - Life
• Charles Darwin - Early life
• Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle
• Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory
• Charles Darwin - Marriage and children
• Charles Darwin - Development of theory
• Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory
• Charles Darwin - Reaction
• Charles Darwin - Further work until his death
• Charles Darwin - Religious views
• Charles Darwin - Legacy
• Charles Darwin - Commemoration
• Charles Darwin - Eugenics
• Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism
• Charles Darwin - Works
• Charles Darwin - Published works
• Charles Darwin - Letters

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The Origin of Species - Before The Origin. Main article: history of evolutionary thought The idea of biological evolution was supported in Classical times by the Greek and Roman atomists, notably Lucretius. With the dominance of Christianity came belief in the Biblical story of creation according to Genesis, with the doctrine that God had directly "Created kinds" of organisms which were immutable. Other ideas resurfaced, and in 17th century English the word evolution (from ...

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Charles Darwin - Early life. Main article: Charles Darwin's education Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on February 12, 1809, at his family home, the Mount House. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin (née Wedgwood). He was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin on his father's side, and of Josiah Wedgwood on his mother's side, both from the prominent English Darwin — Wedgwood family which supported the U ...

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Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin - Life, Charles Darwin - Early life, Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle, Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory, Charles Darwin - Marriage and children, Charles Darwin - Development of theory, Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory, Charles Darwin - Reaction, Charles Darwin - Further work until his death, Charles Darwin - Religious views, Charles Darwin - Legacy, Charles Darwin - Commemoration, Charles Darwin - Eugenics, Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism, Charles Darwin - Works, Charles Darwin - Published works, Charles Darwin - Letters

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Medical science has tried repeatedly to pinpoint the etiology, and many hypotheses were made, such as: Psychosomatic disease [1] Panic disorder [2] Chagas' disease [3] Ménière's disease Lactose intolerance [4] Lupus erythematosus [5] Arsenic poisoning Multiple allergy Hypochondria See also:

Charles Darwin's illness, Charles Darwin's illness - Development of illness and symptoms, Charles Darwin's illness - Possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Psychic causation, Charles Darwin's illness - The Chagas hypothesis, Charles Darwin's illness - Ménière's disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Other possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Combined causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Hereditary disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Contribution to Darwin's work, Charles Darwin's illness - Conclusions, Charles Darwin's illness - Notes and source

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A single barnacle species was left to describe, and Darwin began dissecting with the assistance of Hooker who was now at Kew. To compare this with other species he borrowed specimens, and soon became involved in a much needed comprehensive study of these peculiar creatures that had recently been found to be crustaceans rather than molluscs. To Hooker such an exhaustive study might dampen Darwin's tendency to speculative theorising, and to Darwin it would establish his credentials. Dev ...

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Meanwhile, as Darwin worked from his sickbed his friends continued with debates. Asa Gray sent news of the American civil war, but to Darwin "the destruction of slavery would be well worth a dozen year's war". Wallace, stirred by the Origin and by Herbert Spencer's Social Statics, had presented his first paper to the racist pro-slavery Anthropological society. He, along with Darwin and the others, supported the abolitionist Ethnological society, but Wallace tried to reach a truce by proposing that races had long been sep ...

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Darwin from Orchids to Variation, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Background, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Ape-men, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Orchids, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Tendrils and loosestrife, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Changing times, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - The X Club, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Pangenesis, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - British Association, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Haeckel, Darwin from Orchids to Variation - Variation under Domestication

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The book The Reign of Law by the Duke of Argyll argued that beauty with no obvious utility, such as exotic birds' plumage, proved divine design. Darwin had to show how this was explained by his theory of sexual selection, and was now working to include this with ape ancestry and evolution of morality and religion in a new book which he now decided to call The Descent of Man. Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Sources. Darwin found many ideas in the quality magazines. Wallace argued that ...

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Darwin — Wedgwood family - Josiah Wedgwood. Josiah Wedgwood (1730-1795) was a noted potter and a friend of Erasmus Darwin; in 1780 on the death of Josiah Wedgwood's long-time business partner Thomas Bentley, Wedgwood turned to his friend Erasmus Darwin for help in running the business. As a result of the close association that grew up between the Wedgwood and Darwin families, one of Josiah's daughters later married Erasmus' son Robert. One of the children of that marriage, Charles Darwin, also married a ...

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They visited Hensleigh and Fanny to celebrate the announcement that Frank's wife Amy was five months pregnant, and Charles and Emma would shortly become grandparents. Darwin decided to leave a posthumous memoir for his family, and on Sunday 28 May 1876 he began Recollections of the Development of my mind and character. He found this candid private memoir easy going, covering his childhood, university, life on the Beagle and developing work in science. A section headed "Religious Belief" opened just before his marriage, and frankly dis ...

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Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Background, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Family matters eugenics, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish conflict, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pause, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Fiske, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of The Descent of Man, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish reading room, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Spiritualism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of Descent, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous plants, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Controversy with Mivart, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous Plants parish and vivisection, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Variation revised, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Cross and Self Fertilisation, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Recollections, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Liberalism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Holidays, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Honorary Doctorate, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Romanes, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Biography of Erasmus Darwin, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Samuel Butler, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Coming of Age, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Help for Wallace, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Work on worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - No heart or strength, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - The Creed of Science, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pleasant memories, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Roots and illness, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Death, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Funeral, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Commemoration, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Reference

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See also History of creationism and Evolutionism. The idea of biological evolution was supported in ancient times, notably among Hellenists such as Democritus and his student Epicurus. As early as 400 BC the Greek atomists taught that the sun, earth, life, humans, civilization, and society emerged over aeons without divine intervention. Around 60 BC the Roman atomist Lucretius wrote the poem On the Nature of Things describing the development of the living earth in stages from atoms colliding in the void as swirls of dust, then ...

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History of evolutionary thought, History of evolutionary thought - From ancient times to 1850s, History of evolutionary thought - Acquired characteristics Lamarckism and natural selection, History of evolutionary thought - Later discrediting of Lamarckism and Orthogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1850s - early 20th century: Darwin's theory, History of evolutionary thought - 1920s-1940s: the modern evolutionary synthesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1940s-1960s: developments following molecular biology, History of evolutionary thought - 1960s-1980s: Williams revolution punctuated equilibrium, History of evolutionary thought - 1970s-2000s: evolutionary biology as a discipline, History of evolutionary thought - Recent developments in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Symbiogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - Neo-structuralist themes in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Altruism, History of evolutionary thought - Horizontal gene transfer, History of evolutionary thought - Unconventional extensions to evolutionary ideas, History of evolutionary thought - De Chardin's and Huxley's theories

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Darwin's brother Erasmus thought it "the most interesting book I have ever read", and sent a copy to his old flame Miss Harriet Martineau who at 58 was still reviewing from her home in the Lake District. From her "snow landscape" Martineau sent her thanks, adding that she had previously praised "the quality & conduct of your brother's mind, but it is an unspeakable satisfaction to see here the full manifestation of its earnestness & simplicity, its sagacity, its industry, & the patient power by which it has collected such a mass ...

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Charles Darwin - Early life. Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on February 12, 1809, at his family home, the Mount House. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin (née Wedgwood). He was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin on his father's side, and of Josiah Wedgwood on his mother's side, both from the prominent English Darwin — Wedgwood family which supported the Unitarian church. His mother died when he was only eight. When he went to the nearby Shrewsbury School the ne ...

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Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin - Life, Charles Darwin - Early life, Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle, Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory, Charles Darwin - Marriage and children, Charles Darwin - Development of theory, Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory, Charles Darwin - Reaction, Charles Darwin - Further work until his death, Charles Darwin - Religious views, Charles Darwin - Legacy, Charles Darwin - Commemoration, Charles Darwin - Eugenics, Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism, Charles Darwin - Works, Charles Darwin - Published works, Charles Darwin - Letters

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Following the Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin had at his disposal a considerable collection of specimens and on 29 October 1836 he was introduced by Charles Lyell to Owen, who agreed to work on fossil bones collected in South America. Owen's subsequent revelations that extinct giant creatures were rodents and sloths showed that they were related to current species in the same locality, rather than being relatives of similarly sized creatures in Africa as Darwin had originally thought. Thi ...

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Richard Owen, Richard Owen - Early life and career, Richard Owen - Work on invertebrates, Richard Owen - Work on fish reptiles and birds, Richard Owen - Work on mammals, Richard Owen - Owen and Darwin's theory of evolution, Richard Owen - Owen's legacy

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With Variation at the printers and with his old essay on The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants due out in November 1875 with "illustrations... drawn by my son, George", Darwin wrote The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom. This drew on a painstaking series of experiments, protecting the plants from insects and controlling the pollination of flowers, counting the seeds and checking ...

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Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Background, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Family matters eugenics, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish conflict, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pause, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Fiske, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of The Descent of Man, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish reading room, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Spiritualism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of Descent, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous plants, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Controversy with Mivart, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous Plants parish and vivisection, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Variation revised, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Cross and Self Fertilisation, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Recollections, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Liberalism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Holidays, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Honorary Doctorate, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Romanes, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Biography of Erasmus Darwin, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Samuel Butler, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Coming of Age, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Help for Wallace, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Work on worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - No heart or strength, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - The Creed of Science, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pleasant memories, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Roots and illness, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Death, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Funeral, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Commemoration, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Reference

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The German scientific periodical Kosmos featured, as a 70th birthday tribute to Charles Darwin, an essay by Ernst Krause on his grandfather Erasmus Darwin. In March 1879 he arranged for it to be translated as a book to which he would add a biographical preface. This would counter Samuel Butler's Evolution Old and New in which the previously supportive, though unscientific, author of Erewhon had turned against Darwinism, and he sent a copy of it to Krause. In the summer he became bogged down with the proofs of his ...

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Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Background, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Family matters eugenics, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish conflict, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pause, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Fiske, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of The Descent of Man, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish reading room, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Spiritualism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of Descent, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous plants, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Controversy with Mivart, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous Plants parish and vivisection, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Variation revised, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Cross and Self Fertilisation, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Recollections, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Liberalism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Holidays, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Honorary Doctorate, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Romanes, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Biography of Erasmus Darwin, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Samuel Butler, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Coming of Age, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Help for Wallace, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Work on worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - No heart or strength, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - The Creed of Science, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pleasant memories, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Roots and illness, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Death, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Funeral, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Commemoration, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Reference

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Darwin tackled a new edition of the Descent of Man, and offered the self-financing Wallace the work of assisting him. Wallace quoted seven shillings an hour, mentioning that he was "dipping into politics" proposing nationalisation of coal mining. Emma found out and had the task given to their son George, so Darwin had to write apologetically to Wallace, adding "I hope to Heaven that politics will not replace natural s ...

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Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Background, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Family matters eugenics, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish conflict, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pause, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Fiske, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of The Descent of Man, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish reading room, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Spiritualism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of Descent, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous plants, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Controversy with Mivart, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous Plants parish and vivisection, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Variation revised, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Cross and Self Fertilisation, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Recollections, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Liberalism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Holidays, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Honorary Doctorate, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Romanes, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Biography of Erasmus Darwin, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Samuel Butler, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Coming of Age, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Help for Wallace, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Work on worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - No heart or strength, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - The Creed of Science, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pleasant memories, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Roots and illness, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Death, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Funeral, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Commemoration, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Reference

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Through the spring Darwin pressed on with The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, pointing to shared evolution in contrast to Charles Bell's Anatomy and Physiology of Expression which claimed divinely created muscles to express man's exquisite feelings. Darwin drew on world wide responses to his questionnaires, hundreds of photographs of actors, babies and "imbeciles" in an asylum, as well as his own observations, with particular empathy for the grief following a family death. The proofs, tackled by Henrietta and Leo ...

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Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Background, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Family and research, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Sexual selection, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Descent of Man, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Sources, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - British Association, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Parish affairs, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Thomson and Mivart, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Holiday in Wales, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Editing and translation, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Mivart's Genesis, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Publication, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - 6th Edition of the Origin, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - The Index, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Publication, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Emotions, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - New edition of The Descent of Man

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Mivart wrote wishing "with all my heart that we did not differ so widely", but challenging Darwin to debate the basic metaphysics underlying science, from his Roman Catholic position writing that "while combatting (as duty compels me to do) positions you adopt, I am not so much combatting you as others to whose view your scientific labours give additional currency." Darwin took this personally, feeling that Mivart's Genesis of Species was "producing a great effect against Natural Selection, and more especially against me." After compl ...

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Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Background, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Family and research, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Sexual selection, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Descent of Man, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Sources, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - British Association, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Parish affairs, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Thomson and Mivart, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Holiday in Wales, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Editing and translation, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Mivart's Genesis, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Publication, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - 6th Edition of the Origin, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - The Index, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Publication, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - Emotions, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions - New edition of The Descent of Man

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In the aftermath of the publication of On the Origin of Species through Natural Selection in 1859, Charles Darwin's allies Charles Lyell, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Thomas Huxley, Alfred Russel Wallace and Asa Gray in America worked to spread acceptance of its ideas despite difficulty in coming to terms with natural selection and man's descent from animals. Darwin's research and experiments on plants and animals continued, and his extensive writings countered the arguments against evolu ...

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Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Background, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Family matters eugenics, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish conflict, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pause, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Fiske, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of The Descent of Man, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Parish reading room, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Spiritualism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - New edition of Descent, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous plants, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Controversy with Mivart, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Insectiverous Plants parish and vivisection, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Variation revised, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Cross and Self Fertilisation, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Recollections, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Liberalism, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Holidays, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Honorary Doctorate, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Romanes, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Biography of Erasmus Darwin, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Samuel Butler, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Coming of Age, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Help for Wallace, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Work on worms, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - No heart or strength, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - The Creed of Science, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Pleasant memories, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Roots and illness, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Death, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Funeral, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Commemoration, Darwin from Insectivorous plants to Worms - Reference

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Darwin's sons George and Horace were ill and arrived home at Christmas 1872 for nursing. Darwin turned from his insectivorous plants to a more leisurely update of his monograph on climbing plants. He was intrigued by Galton's latest "hereditary improvement" ideas (which would be called Eugenics after 1883), proposing that society should breed out mental and physical disability and improve the nation's stock by introducing "a sentiment of caste among those who are naturally gifted". Families would be registered and incentives offered s ...

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