For details see the main article Imperialism in Asia. The transition to formal imperialism in India was effectively accomplished with the transfer of administrative functions from the chartered British East India Company to the British government in 1858, following the Indian Mutiny of the previous year. Acts in 1773 and 1784 had already empowered the government to control Company policies and to appoint the G ...

See also:

New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Rise of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - The breakdown of Pax Britannica, New Imperialism - Britain and the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - France and the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - The New Imperialism and the newly-industrializing countries, New Imperialism - Social implications of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Imperialism in Asia, New Imperialism - The Scramble for Africa, New Imperialism - Imperial rivalry, New Imperialism - Theories of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Important concepts often associated with this era, New Imperialism - Biographies that may help shed more light on this era

Read more here: » New Imperialism: Encyclopedia II - New Imperialism - Imperialism in Asia

Imperialism in Asia - Medieval European exploration of Asia. In the 13th and 14th centuries, a number of Europeans, many of them Christian missionaries, had sought to penetrate China. The most famous of these travelers was Marco Polo. But these journeys had little permanent effect on East-West trade because of a series of political developments in Asia in the last decades of the 14th century, which put an end to further European exploration of Asia. The Yuan dynasty in China, which had been receptive to European ...

See also:

Imperialism in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Asian empires before European contact, Imperialism in Asia - Early European penetration of Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Medieval European exploration of Asia, Imperialism in Asia - The search for new East-West trade routes, Imperialism in Asia - Oceanic voyages to Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese and Spanish trade and colonization in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean, Imperialism in Asia - The decline of Portugal's Asian empire since the 17th century, Imperialism in Asia - Dutch trade and colonization in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - The rise of Dutch control over Asian trade in the 17th century, Imperialism in Asia - Decline of the Dutch in Asia and the rise of Britain, Imperialism in Asia - The British in India, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese French and British competition in India 1600-1763, Imperialism in Asia - The collapse of Mughal India, Imperialism in Asia - From Company to Crown, Imperialism in Asia - The rise of Indian nationalism, Imperialism in Asia - France in Indochina, Imperialism in Asia - Russia and The Great Game, Imperialism in Asia - Imperialism in China, Imperialism in Asia - Imperialist penetration of China, Imperialism in Asia - Chinese territorial expansion, Imperialism in Asia - U.S. expansion in the Pacific, Imperialism in Asia - World War I: Changes in Imperialism, Imperialism in Asia - Japan, Imperialism in Asia - Postwar era, Imperialism in Asia - Decolonization and the rise of nationalism in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - List of European colonial acquisitions in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - References and further reading

Read more here: » Imperialism in Asia: Encyclopedia II - Imperialism in Asia - Early European penetration of Asia

The British Empire was the world's first global power and the largest empire in history. It was a product of the European Age of Discovery that began with the global maritime empires of Portugal and Spain in the late 15th century. By 1921 the British Empire held sway over a population of about 470–570 million people—roughly a quarter of the world's population—and covered about 14.3 million square miles (more than 37 million km²), almost a third of the world's total land area. Though it has since almost completely disappeared, t ...

Including:

• British Empire - Background: The English and Scottish Empires
• British Empire - The Anglo-Norman Kingdom
• British Empire - Growth of the overseas empire
• British Empire - Henry VIII and the rise of the Royal Navy
• British Empire - The Elizabethan era
• British Empire - The Stuart era
• British Empire - Scottish Empire
• British Empire - Colonization
• British Empire - Free trade and informal empire
• British Empire - British East India Company
• British Empire - Expansion
• British Empire - Collapse
• British Empire - Breakdown of Pax Britannica
• British Empire - Britain and the New Imperialism
• British Empire - British Colonial Policy
• British Empire - Britain and the Scramble for Africa
• British Empire - Home Rule in white-settler colonies
• British Empire - The impact of the First World War
• British Empire - The end of British rule in Ireland
• British Empire - Decolonisation and Decline
• British Empire - Extent
• British Empire - Africa
• British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic
• British Empire - Antarctica
• British Empire - Asia
• British Empire - Europe
• British Empire - Pacific
• British Empire - Extent after World War II
• British Empire - Africa
• British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic
• British Empire - Asia
• British Empire - Europe
• British Empire - Territories Lost by British Empire before 1921
• British Empire - Remaining Overseas Territories
• British Empire - Overseas Territories possessing substantial self-government
• British Empire - Other Overseas Territories
• British Empire - Crown Dependencies in British Isles Outside UK & EU
• British Empire - Personal Unions
• British Empire - Kingdom of England 927 - 1707
• British Empire - Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 - 1801
• British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801 - 1927
• British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 - present

Read more here: » British Empire: Encyclopedia - British Empire

The British Raj (also simply known as the Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, were under the colonial authority of the British (Undivided India). Since the independence of these countries their pre-independent existence has been loosely termed British India, although prior to Independence that term referred only to those portions of the subcontinent under direct rule by the British administration in New Delhi and previou ...

Including:

• British Raj - History
• British Raj - The Indian Mutiny or Great Uprising
• British Raj - Post-rebellion developments
• British Raj - Beginnings of self-government
• British Raj - After World War I
• British Raj - Further reform
• British Raj - World War II and the End of the Raj
• British Raj - Provinces

Read more here: » British Raj: Encyclopedia - British Raj

The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as "John Company", was a joint-stock company of investors, which was granted a Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created Honourable East India Company a monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until t ...

Including:

• British East India Company - Flags
• British East India Company - Impact
• British East India Company - History
• British East India Company - The foundation years
• British East India Company - Footholds in India
• British East India Company - Expansion
• British East India Company - The road to a complete monopoly
• British East India Company - The Basis of the Monopoly
• British East India Company - Regulation of the company's affairs
• British East India Company - The end
• British East India Company - East India Club
• British East India Company - Notes

Read more here: » British East India Company: Encyclopedia - British East India Company

Historically, ancient China has been one of the world's oldest empires. In ancient Chinese political theory, relations between foreign states were governed by the tributary system. Since the Chinese emperor held the Mandate of Heaven, his rule was universal and extended to all under heaven. Sometimes neighboring states were actual protectorates or vassal states over which China exerted large amounts of influence, while in other cases foreign states merely acknowledged China's nominal suzerainty in to gain access to Chi ...

Read more here: » Chinese imperialism: Encyclopedia - Chinese imperialism

Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory and people outside its own boundaries, often to facilitate economic domination over their resources, labor, and markets. The term also refers to a set of beliefs used to legitimize or promote this system, especially the belief that the mores of the colonizer are superior to those of the colonized. Advocates of colonialism argue that colonial rule benefits the colonized by developing the economic and political infrastructure necessary for modernization and dem ...

Read more here: » Colonialism: Encyclopedia - Colonialism

British Empire - The Anglo-Norman Kingdom. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, (also known as William the Bastard because he was the product of an affair his father had with a tanner's daughter), conquered England and asserted his right to be king, giving England its first overseas territory (Normandy). The new rulers had dual roles. First, as kings of England they were sovereign lords. Second, as dukes of Normandy, they were vassals of the kings of France. This led to centuries of conflicts which ended with their loss of French holdings in 1558. In the mea ...

See also:

British Empire, British Empire - Background: The English and Scottish Empires, British Empire - The Anglo-Norman Kingdom, British Empire - Growth of the overseas empire, British Empire - Henry VIII and the rise of the Royal Navy, British Empire - The Elizabethan era, British Empire - The Stuart era, British Empire - Scottish Empire, British Empire - Colonization, British Empire - Free trade and informal empire, British Empire - British East India Company, British Empire - Expansion, British Empire - Collapse, British Empire - Breakdown of Pax Britannica, British Empire - Britain and the New Imperialism, British Empire - British Colonial Policy, British Empire - Britain and the Scramble for Africa, British Empire - Home Rule in white-settler colonies, British Empire - The impact of the First World War, British Empire - The end of British rule in Ireland, British Empire - Decolonisation and Decline, British Empire - Extent, British Empire - Africa, British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic, British Empire - Antarctica, British Empire - Asia, British Empire - Europe, British Empire - Pacific, British Empire - Extent after World War II, British Empire - Africa, British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic, British Empire - Asia, British Empire - Europe, British Empire - Territories Lost by British Empire before 1921, British Empire - Remaining Overseas Territories, British Empire - Overseas Territories possessing substantial self-government, British Empire - Other Overseas Territories, British Empire - Crown Dependencies in British Isles Outside UK & EU, British Empire - Personal Unions, British Empire - Kingdom of England 927 - 1707, British Empire - Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 - 1801, British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801 - 1927, British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 - present

Read more here: » British Empire: Encyclopedia II - British Empire - Background: The English and Scottish Empires

Outgoing President Theodore Roosevelt laid the groundwork for this approach in 1904 with his Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (under which U.S. marines were frequently sent to Central America) maintaining that if any nation in the Western Hemisphere appeared politically and fiscally so unstable as to be vulnerable to European control, the United States had the right and obligation to intervene. Taft continued and expanded this policy, starting in Central America, where he justified it as a means of protecting the Panama Canal. In 1909 he attempted unsuccessfully to esta ...

See also:

Dollar diplomacy, Dollar diplomacy - Taft and Knox, Dollar diplomacy - Dollar diplomacy in the Americas, Dollar diplomacy - Dollar diplomacy in East Asia, Dollar diplomacy - Repudiation by President Wilson

Read more here: » Dollar diplomacy: Encyclopedia II - Dollar diplomacy - Dollar diplomacy in the Americas

The British first established a foothold in the Indian subcontinent when British soldiers led by Robert Clive and funded by the British East India Company defeated the Bengali Nawab Siraj Ud Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Bengal's riches were expropriated, the East India Company monopolized Bengali trade and Bengal became a British protectorate directly under its rule. Bengali farmers and craftsmen were obliged to render their labor for minimal remuneration while their collective tax burden increased greatly. As a consequence, the ...

See also:

British India, British India - History, British India - The Indian Mutiny or Great Uprising, British India - Post-rebellion developments, British India - Beginnings of self-government, British India - After World War I, British India - Further reform, British India - World War II and the End of the Raj, British India - Provinces

Read more here: » British India: Encyclopedia II - British India - History

Inner Manchuria came under strong Russian influence in the 1890s with the building of the Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin to Vladivostok. Japanese influence replaced Russian in Inner Manchuria as a result of the Russo-Japanese War (1904 - 1905), and Japan laid the South Manchurian Railway in 1906 to Port Arthur (Japanese: Ryojun). Between World War I and World War II Manchuria became a political and military battleground. Japanese influence extended into Outer Manchuria in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917, but Outer M ...

See also:

Manchukuo, Manchukuo - Political history of Manchukuo, Manchukuo - Administrative divisions, Manchukuo - Population, Manchukuo - The Japanese population, Manchukuo - Education, Manchukuo - Stamps and postal history of Manchukuo

Read more here: » Manchukuo: Encyclopedia II - Manchukuo - Political history of Manchukuo

During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Italian sea republics of Genoa and Venice managed to wrestle extraterritoriality for their quarters (Pera and Galata) in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. They even battled among themselves for further control of the weakened empire. A historic case of extraterritoriality was the seizure of the railways of Nicaragua by Brown Brothers Harriman, a U.S. banking firm. Under the Knox-Castrillo Treaty of 1911 these railroads became legally part of the State of Maine, according to former president of Guatemala, Juan José Arévalo, in his book The S ...

See also:

Extraterritoriality, Extraterritoriality - Historical Cases, Extraterritoriality - Traditional cases of extraterritoriality

Read more here: » Extraterritoriality: Encyclopedia II - Extraterritoriality - Historical Cases

The British first established a foothold in the Indian subcontinent when British soldiers led by Robert Clive and funded by the British East India Company defeated the Bengali Nawab Siraj Ud Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Bengal's riches were expropriated, the East India Company monopolized Bengali trade and Bengal became a British protectorate directly under its rule. Bengali farmers and craftsmen were obliged to render their labor for minimal remuneration while their collective tax burden increased greatly. As a consequence, the ...

See also:

British Raj, British Raj - History, British Raj - The Indian Mutiny or Great Uprising, British Raj - Post-rebellion developments, British Raj - Beginnings of self-government, British Raj - After World War I, British Raj - Further reform, British Raj - World War II and the End of the Raj, British Raj - Provinces

Read more here: » British Raj: Encyclopedia II - British Raj - History

As far as British interests were concerned, Abdur Rahman answered their prayers: a forceful, intelligent leader capable of welding his divided people into a state; and he was willing to accept limitations to his power imposed by British control of his country's foreign affairs and the British buffer state policy. His twenty-one-year reign was marked by efforts to modernize and establish control of the kingdom, whose boundaries were delineated by the two empires bordering it. Abdur Rahman turned his considerable e ...

See also:

European influence in Afghanistan, European influence in Afghanistan - The Rise of Dost Mohammad, European influence in Afghanistan - The Great Game, European influence in Afghanistan - The First Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Second Anglo-Afghan War, European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901, European influence in Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan 1901-1919, European influence in Afghanistan - Amanullah Khan 1919-1929, European influence in Afghanistan - Third Anglo-Afghan War and Independence

Read more here: » European influence in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - European influence in Afghanistan - The Iron Amir 1880-1901

For details see the main article Origins of New Imperialism. New Imperialism - The breakdown of Pax Britannica. The expansions of the New Imperialism took place against a background of increasing competition (over resources, strategic power, and prestige) between the industrialized nations. This activity followed the erosion of Pax Britannica, during which British industrial and naval supremacy underp ...

See also:

New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Rise of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - The breakdown of Pax Britannica, New Imperialism - Britain and the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - France and the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - The New Imperialism and the newly-industrializing countries, New Imperialism - Social implications of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Imperialism in Asia, New Imperialism - The Scramble for Africa, New Imperialism - Imperial rivalry, New Imperialism - Theories of the New Imperialism, New Imperialism - Important concepts often associated with this era, New Imperialism - Biographies that may help shed more light on this era

Read more here: » New Imperialism: Encyclopedia II - New Imperialism - Rise of the New Imperialism

Manchukuo issued its first postage stamps on July 28, 1932. A number of denominations existed, with two designs: the pagoda at Liaoyang and a portrait of Puyi. Originally the inscription read (in Chinese) "Manchu State Postal Administration"; in 1934, a new issue read "Manchu Empire Postal Administration". An orchid crest design appeared in 1935, and a design featuring the Sacred White Mountains in 1936. 1936 also saw a new regular series featuring various scenes and surmounted by the orchid crest. Between 1937 and 1945, the governmen ...

See also:

Manchukuo, Manchukuo - Political history of Manchukuo, Manchukuo - Administrative divisions, Manchukuo - Population, Manchukuo - The Japanese population, Manchukuo - Education, Manchukuo - Stamps and postal history of Manchukuo

Read more here: » Manchukuo: Encyclopedia II - Manchukuo - Stamps and postal history of Manchukuo

Russo-Japanese War - Campaign of 1904. Port Arthur, on the Liaodong Peninsula in the south of Manchuria, had been fortified into a major naval base by the Russians. The Japanese needed to control the sea in order to fight a war on the Asian mainland, so their first military objective was to neutralize the Russian fleet at Port Arthur. On the night of February 8, the Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo opened the war with a surprise torpedo attack on the Russian ships at Port Arthur, badly damaging two Ru ...

See also:

Russo-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War - Origins of the war, Russo-Japanese War - War, Russo-Japanese War - Campaign of 1904, Russo-Japanese War - Campaign of 1905, Russo-Japanese War - Peace, Russo-Japanese War - Importance of the war, Russo-Japanese War - List of battles, Russo-Japanese War - The Russo-Japanese War in Art and Literature

Read more here: » Russo-Japanese War: Encyclopedia II - Russo-Japanese War - War

Gojoseon, Jin Proto-Three Kingdoms:  Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye  Samhan, Gaya Three Kingdoms:  Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla Unified Silla, Balhae Later Three Kingdoms Goryeo Joseon Japanese Rule Divided Korea:  N. Korea, S. Korea List of Rulers SK electoral history ...

See also:

Korea under Japanese rule, Korea under Japanese rule - Background, Korea under Japanese rule - Unequal treaties, Korea under Japanese rule - Assassination of Queen Myeongseong, Korea under Japanese rule - Donghak Rebellion and protests for democracy, Korea under Japanese rule - On the road to annexation, Korea under Japanese rule - Annexation of Korea, Korea under Japanese rule - Independence movement, Korea under Japanese rule - 1940s and the end, Korea under Japanese rule - Economy, Korea under Japanese rule - Japanese landowners, Korea under Japanese rule - Labor conscription, Korea under Japanese rule - Politics and Culture, Korea under Japanese rule - Royalty, Korea under Japanese rule - Culture, Korea under Japanese rule - Education, Korea under Japanese rule - Koreans and the Japanese Imperial Army, Korea under Japanese rule - Victims of Nuclear Attacks and Sexual Slavery, Korea under Japanese rule - Controversy over the Nature of the Japanese Rule

Read more here: » Korea under Japanese rule: Encyclopedia II - Korea under Japanese rule - Background

The war may be viewed as a continuation of the First Opium War (1839-1842), thus the title of the Second Opium War. On October 8, 1856, Qing officials boarded the Arrow, a Chinese-owned ship that had been registered in Hong Kong and was suspected of piracy and smuggling. Twelve Chinese subjects were arrested and imprisoned. This has come to be known as the "Arrow Incident". The British officials in Guangzhou demanded the release of the sailors claiming that because the ship had recently been British-registered it was pro ...

See also:

Second Opium War, Second Opium War - Background, Second Opium War - Outbreak, Second Opium War - Treaty of Tientsin, Second Opium War - Treaty of Aigun, Second Opium War - Continuation of the war, Second Opium War - Convention of Peking, Second Opium War - The Second Opium War in Popular Media

Read more here: » Second Opium War: Encyclopedia II - Second Opium War - Outbreak

British Empire - The Anglo-Norman Kingdom. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy,(also known as Bastard because he was the products of a affair his father had with a tanners daughter), conquered England and asserted his right to be king, giving England its first overseas territory (Normandy). The new rulers had dual roles. First, as kings of England they were sovereign lords. Second, as dukes of Normandy, they were vassals of the kings of France. This led to centuries of conflicts which ended with their loss of French holdings in 1558. In the mea ...

See also:

British Empire, British Empire - Background: The English and Scottish Empires, British Empire - The Anglo-Norman Kingdom, British Empire - Growth of the overseas empire, British Empire - Henry VIII and the rise of the Royal Navy, British Empire - The Elizabethan era, British Empire - The Stuart era, British Empire - Scottish Empire, British Empire - Colonization, British Empire - Free trade and informal empire, British Empire - British East India Company, British Empire - Expansion, British Empire - Collapse, British Empire - Breakdown of Pax Britannica, British Empire - Britain and the New Imperialism, British Empire - British Colonial Policy, British Empire - Britain and the Scramble for Africa, British Empire - Home Rule in white-settler colonies, British Empire - The impact of the First World War, British Empire - The end of British rule in Ireland, British Empire - Decolonisation and Decline, British Empire - Extent, British Empire - Africa, British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic, British Empire - Antarctica, British Empire - Asia, British Empire - Europe, British Empire - Pacific, British Empire - Extent after World War II, British Empire - Africa, British Empire - The Americas and Atlantic, British Empire - Asia, British Empire - Europe, British Empire - Territories Lost by British Empire before 1921, British Empire - Remaining Overseas Territories, British Empire - Overseas Territories possessing substantial self-government, British Empire - Other Overseas Territories, British Empire - Crown Dependencies in British Isles Outside UK & EU, British Empire - Personal Unions, British Empire - Kingdom of England 927 - 1707, British Empire - Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 - 1801, British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801 - 1927, British Empire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 - present

Read more here: » British Empire: Encyclopedia II - British Empire - Background: The English and Scottish Empires