Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804), was a German philosopher and scientist (astrophysics, mathematics, geography, anthropology) from East Prussia. Kant is generally considered one of the greatest and most influential thinkers of modern Europe and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy. Kant defined the Enlightenment, in the essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", as an age shaped by the motto, "Dare to know". T ...

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Immanuel Kant, Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Biography, Immanuel Kant - Kant's moral philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Example of the first formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Example of the second formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Influence, Immanuel Kant - Tomb, Immanuel Kant - Works and links to texts in English and German, Immanuel Kant - Quotes, Immanuel Kant - References and further reading, Immanuel Kant - General introductions to Kant's thought, Immanuel Kant - Biography and historical context, Immanuel Kant - Collections of essays, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's theoretical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's practical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's aesthetics, Immanuel Kant - Other work on Kant, Immanuel Kant - Contemporary philosophy with a Kantian influence

Read more here: » Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy

Kant defined the Enlightenment, in the essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", as an age shaped by the motto, "Dare to know". This involved thinking autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority. Kant's work served as a bridge between the Rationalist and Empiricist traditions of the 18th century. He had a decisive impact on the Romantic and German Idealist philosophies of the 19th century. His work has also ...

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Immanuel Kant, Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Biography, Immanuel Kant - Kant's moral philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Example of the first formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Example of the second formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Criticisms of Kant's Ethics, Immanuel Kant - Influence, Immanuel Kant - Tomb, Immanuel Kant - Works and links to texts in English and German, Immanuel Kant - Quotes, Immanuel Kant - References and further reading, Immanuel Kant - General introductions to Kant's thought, Immanuel Kant - Biography and historical context, Immanuel Kant - Collections of essays, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's theoretical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's practical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's aesthetics, Immanuel Kant - Other work on Kant, Immanuel Kant - Contemporary philosophy with a Kantian influence

Read more here: » Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy

"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" is the title of a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 edition of the Berlinische Monatsschrift (Berlin Monthly), Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public, and a number of leading intellectuals replied with essays, of which Kant's is the most famous and has had the most impact. Kant's ...

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• What is Enlightenment? - The text

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In the 18th Century the philosophies of The Enlightenment would begin to have dramatic effect, and the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau would have an electrifying effect on a new generation of thinkers. In the late 18th century a movement known as Romanticism would seek to combine the formal rationality of the past, with a greater and more immediate emotional and organic sense of the world. Key ideas that would spark this change are evolution argued by Erasmus Darwin and Johann Wolfgang von Goeth ...

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• 19th-century philosophy - Brief Historical Outline
• 19th-century philosophy - Influences from the Late Enlightenment
• 19th-century philosophy - List of Philosophers

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The epistemological claims that led to the development of cultural relativism have their origins in the German Enlightenment. The philosopher Immanuel Kant, argued that human beings are not capable of direct, unmediated knowledge of the world. All of our experiences of the world are mediated through the human mind, which universally structures perceptions according to sensibilities concerning time and space. Although Kant considered these mediating structures universal, his student Johann Gottfried Herder argued that human creativity, ...

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Cultural relativism, Cultural relativism - The Epistemological Origins of Cultural Relativism, Cultural relativism - Cultural Relativism as a Methodological and Heuristic Device, Cultural relativism - A Methodological Tool, Cultural relativism - As a Heuristic Tool, Cultural relativism - Cultural Relativism as a Critical Device, Cultural relativism - Cultural Relativism and Moral Relativism, Cultural relativism - Statement on the Rights of Man, Cultural relativism - Current Debates, Cultural relativism - Cultural Relativism and Post-Colonial Politics, Cultural relativism - The Political Critique of Cultural Relativism, Cultural relativism - The Political Defense of Relativism, Cultural relativism - Sources

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Watchman Fellowship's 2001 Index of Cults and Religions defines liberal Christianity as "A movement that seeks to retain religious and spiritual values of Christianity while discounting the infallible authority of the Bible. Its origins are in the German Enlightenment, notably in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the religious views of Friedrich Schleiermacher. It does bear mention, however, that some earlier theologians are used to support liberal ideas, Arius and Peter Abelard for example. Liberals reject the stated authorship and histor ...

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Liberal Christianity, Liberal Christianity - Difficulties in definition, Liberal Christianity - History, Liberal Christianity - Characteristics of liberal Christianity, Liberal Christianity - Criticisms of liberal Christianity, Liberal Christianity - Liberal theology, Liberal Christianity - The tenets of liberal theology, Liberal Christianity - Liberal theology and religious language, Liberal Christianity - Liberal hermeneutics, Liberal Christianity - Liberal Christian theologians and authors, Liberal Christianity - Protestant, Liberal Christianity - Catholic

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The claim he made in this book to have disproved transcendental idealism, the philosophy of Immanuel Kant—he had read the whole of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason by the age of 14—has been rejected by some philosophers, accepted by others, and remains unknown to many. Richard Tarnas, in his book The Passion of the Western Mind, includes Steiner as one significant figure within the whole history of thought. Tarnas wrote, ...at almost precisely the same time that the Enlightenment reached its philosophical climax in ...

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Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner - Goethean scholar philosopher phenomenologist of spirit and sense perception, Rudolf Steiner - Waldorf education, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner the activist and the threefold nature of social life, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner's outlook on social history, Rudolf Steiner - The three kinds of social separations Steiner wanted strengthened, Rudolf Steiner - Education's relation to the state and the economy, Rudolf Steiner - Liberty Equality Fraternity, Rudolf Steiner - Architecture eurythmy and free spiritual culture, Rudolf Steiner - Weleda biodynamic farming Camphill, Rudolf Steiner - A few aspects of Steiner's way of thinking, Rudolf Steiner - Breadth of Activity, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner criticism, Rudolf Steiner - Philosophical debate, Rudolf Steiner - Selected bibliography

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Liberal Christianity

A movement that seeks to retain religious and spiritual values of Christianity while discounting the authority of the Bible. Its origins are in the German Enlightenment, notably in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the religious views of Friedrich Schleiermacher.

Liberals claim the Bible is merely inspired, not infallible. They prefer naturalistic explanations of miracles or view miracle accounts as legend or myth.

They often deny or reinterpret in mythical terms such doctrines as the virgin birth, atoning death, and even the resurrection of Jesus. Liberalism has been most influential in mainline Protestant denominations and is rejected in Evangelical and Fundamentalist Christianity.

(See also: Liberal Christianity, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Liberal Christianity

A movement that seeks to retain religious and spiritual values of Christianity while discounting the authority of the Bible. Its origins are in the German Enlightenment, notably in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the religious views of Friedrich Schleiermacher.

Liberals claim the Bible is merely inspired, not infallible. They prefer naturalistic explanations of miracles or view miracle accounts as legend or myth.

They often deny or reinterpret in mythical terms such doctrines as the virgin birth, atoning death, and even the resurrection of Jesus. Liberalism has been most influential in mainline Protestant denominations and is rejected in Evangelical and Fundamentalist Christianity.

(See also: Liberal Christianity, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)