There are two parallel systems of quantities known as photometric and radiometric quantities. Every quantity in one system has an analogous quantity in the other system. Some examples of parallel quantities include: Luminance (photometric) and radiance (radiometric) Luminous flux (photometric) and radiant flux (radiometric) Luminous intensity (photometric) and radiant intensity (radiometric) In photometric quantities every wavelength is weighted according to how visible it is, while radiometric qu ...

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Photometry optics, Photometry optics - Photometric vs. radiometric quantities, Photometry optics - Watts radiant flux vs. lumens luminous flux, Photometry optics - Luminance, Photometry optics - Illuminance

Read more here: » Photometry optics: Encyclopedia II - Photometry optics - Photometric vs. radiometric quantities

Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps. Nighttime standing-vehicle conspicuity to the front is provided by front position lamps (known as "parking lamps" or "parking lights" in North America, "sidelights" in UK English, and known variously in other regions as "position lamps," "standing lamps," or "city lights"). These lamps may be white (international) or amber (North America). In North America, further conspicuity is offered by side-mounted lamps and retroreflectors - amber to the front a ...

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Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps

Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Conspicuity

1850s: Gas producers invented, water gas process discovered. Mond Gas: 1850s Europeans discover that using coal instead of coke in a producer results in producer gas that contains ammonia and coal tar, Ludwig Mond's Mond Gas is processed to recover these valuable compounds. 1860s: Enrichment of BWG with illuminants from gas oil circa 1860s. Gas Oils, the volatile fractions that evaporate above kerosene, are a major problem for kerosene industry. 1875: The invention of the Carburetted Water gas process by Prof. TSC Lowe in 1875. ...

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Town gas, Town gas - Manufacturing process, Town gas - Early history of gas production by carbonization, Town gas - Early history of gas production by gasification, Town gas - The uses of gas and the later development of the gas industry, Town gas - Historical References, Town gas - Development of Pacific coast oil gas process, Town gas - Layout of a typical gas plant, Town gas - Issues in gas processing, Town gas - WWI-interwar era developments, Town gas - Post WWII: the decline of manufactured gas, Town gas - Post WWII positive developments, Town gas - Environmental effects

Read more here: » Town gas: Encyclopedia II - Town gas - Early history of gas production by gasification

Light - Early Greek ideas. In 55 BC Lucretius, continuing the ideas of earlier atomists, wrote that light and heat from the Sun were composed of minute particles. Ptolemy also wrote about the refraction of light. Light - 10th century optical theory. The scientist Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965-c.1040), also known as Alhazen, developed a broad theory that explained vision, using geometry and anatomy, which stated that each point on an illuminated area or object radi ...

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Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Theories about light

Light - Early Greek ideas. In 55 BC Lucretius, continuing the ideas of earlier atomists, wrote that light and heat from the Sun were composed of minute particles. Ptolemy also wrote about the refraction of light. Light - 10th century optical theory. The Persian scientist Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965-c.1040), also known as Alhazen, developed a broad theory that explained vision, using geometry and anatomy, which stated that each point on an illuminated area or obj ...

See also:

Light, Light - Visible electromagnetic radiation, Light - Speed of light, Light - Refraction, Light - Optics, Light - Color and wavelengths, Light - Measurement of light, Light - Light sources, Light - Theories about light, Light - Early Greek ideas, Light - 10th century optical theory, Light - The 'plenum', Light - Particle theory, Light - Wave theory, Light - Electromagnetic theory, Light - Particle theory revisited, Light - Quantum theory, Light - Wave-particle duality, Light - A light wave

Read more here: » Light: Encyclopedia II - Light - Theories about light

Automotive lighting - Turn signals. Turn signals (properly "direction-indicator lamps," also "indicators," "directionals," "blinkers," or "flashers") are signal lights mounted near the left and right front and rear corners, and sometimes on the sides of vehicles, used to indicate to other drivers that the operator intends a lateral change of position (turn or lanechange). Electric turn signal lights were devised as early as 1907 (U.S. Patent 912,831), but were not widely offered by major automobile manufacturers ...

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Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps

Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Signalling

Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs. Some of these applications are further elaborated upon in the following text. LEDs are used as informative indicators in various types of embedded systems: Status indicators, e.g. on/off lights on professional instruments and consumers audio/video equipment. In toys, especially as light-up "eyes" of robot toys. Seven segment displays, in calculators and measurement instruments, although now mostly replaced by liquid ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - LED applications

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Fests. The two fests of IIT Kharagpur are conducted very professionally. There are dedicated teams for both the fests who work from start of the year. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Spring Fest. Held Annually in January, Spring Fest is the largest college fest in Eastern India and the second largest in the country. Spread over four or five days, Spring Fest hosts a variety of competitions and performances by some of the bes ...

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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Institute history, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Motto, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Campus, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Institute, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Departments, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Halls of residence, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Chhedi's, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Annual events, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Fests, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Spring Fest, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Kshitij and beyond, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Robotix, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Hall Day, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Illumination and Rangoli, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Gymkhana election, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur: Encyclopedia II - Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Annual events

Example: most people experience sample metamerism when putting on a pair of socks that appeared to be black in the bedroom (which may have incandescent lights), but later finding that one is black and the other is blue upon stepping into the kitchen (which may have fluorescent lights). The differences in the spectral power distributions between the incandescent and fluorescent lights each interact with the differences in the spectral reflectance curves of the socks to make them appear ...

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Metamerism color, Metamerism color - Sample metamerism, Metamerism color - Illuminant metamerism, Metamerism color - Observer metamerism, Metamerism color - Geometric metamerism, Metamerism color - Graphic arts and color reproduction considerations

Read more here: » Metamerism color: Encyclopedia II - Metamerism color - Sample metamerism

Unlike incandescent light bulbs, which light up regardless of the electrical polarity, LEDs will only light with positive electrical polarity. When the voltage across the pn junction is in the correct direction, a significant current flows and the device is said to be forward-biased. If the voltage is of the wrong polarity, the device is said to be reverse biased, very little current flows, and no light is emitted. LEDs can be operated on an AC voltage, but they will only light with positive voltage, causing the LED to turn on and off at the frequency of the AC supply. The correct p ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use

Light-emitting diode - Physical function. A LED is a special type of semiconductor diode. Like a normal diode, it consists of a chip of semiconducting material impregnated, or doped, with impurities to create a structure called a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from the p-side, or anode to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. Charge-carriers - electrons and holes flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower energy level, and ...

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Light-emitting diode, Light-emitting diode - LED technology, Light-emitting diode - Physical function, Light-emitting diode - Blue and white LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Other colors, Light-emitting diode - Organic light-emitting diodes OLEDs, Light-emitting diode - Operational parameters and efficiency, Light-emitting diode - Considerations in use, Light-emitting diode - Advantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Disadvantages of using LEDs, Light-emitting diode - LED applications, Light-emitting diode - List of known applications for LEDs, Light-emitting diode - Illumination applications, Light-emitting diode - LED display panels, Light-emitting diode - Resources

Read more here: » Light-emitting diode: Encyclopedia II - Light-emitting diode - LED technology

The International flights terminal has an area of 20,000 m² consisting of 16,000 m² ground floor and 4.000 m² mezzanine level. It features: 3.000.000 passenger/year capacity. CIP and VIP lounges Duty-free shops, bars and cafés, pubs and restaurants Post Office, Bank, Rent-a-Car Offices Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Materials utilized. Granite used in flooring and on external faces; decorative aluminum modul ...

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Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - International flights terminal, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Materials utilized, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Operation mode, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Gallery and platform, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Electronic Systems, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Illumination System, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Air Conditioning System, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Fire Extinguishing System, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Luggage Systems, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Doors, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - Domestic Flights Terminal

Read more here: » Sabiha Gökçen International Airport: Encyclopedia II - Sabiha Gökçen International Airport - International flights terminal

The work of the Holy Spirit is as a "counsellor" for the Christian person. Biblically, the Spirit lives and works inside each Christian, as well as works inside those who are in the process of coming to faith. By dwelling and working within the life of the individual, the Trinitarian God is again accommodating himself so that mankind may experience and know him. When an individual comes to understand the message of the Gospel and the knowledge of God, it comes only because God is choosing to make that knowledge known. But since ...

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Accommodation religion, Accommodation religion - In the Bible and in human language, Accommodation religion - Illumination, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of Jesus Christ, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of the Holy Spirit, Accommodation religion - In the sacraments, Accommodation religion - Protestantism, Accommodation religion - In the preaching of the Gospel

Read more here: » Accommodation religion: Encyclopedia II - Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of the Holy Spirit

Accommodation religion - Protestantism. In Protestant churches, only two sacraments are recognised: Baptism and The Lord's Supper. Both are considered symbols of the Christian Gospel, but have a special significance in that they were symbolic representations instituted by Jesus. In the sacraments, therefore, God is somehow able to accommodate himself and his gospel in the sacramental actions to sinful and limited human beings. Somehow through the corporate imbibing of the wine and the bread, God is able to commune with his people in a special and unique way - not in terms of transubsta ...

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Accommodation religion, Accommodation religion - In the Bible and in human language, Accommodation religion - Illumination, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of Jesus Christ, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of the Holy Spirit, Accommodation religion - In the sacraments, Accommodation religion - Protestantism, Accommodation religion - In the preaching of the Gospel

Read more here: » Accommodation religion: Encyclopedia II - Accommodation religion - In the sacraments

Through the communication of God's Word (logos and rhema) comes the message of the Gospel (euangelion). As an individual listens to Word and Gospel, God as Holy Spirit (pneuma) moves and works in people's hearts and minds. It is through the regenerative work of the Spirit that the listener is able to then respond to this message in repentance and faith. Such a concept is sometimes called monergism. Gospel preaching, therefore, is one of the most important facets of the principle of accommodation, for ...

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Accommodation religion, Accommodation religion - In the Bible and in human language, Accommodation religion - Illumination, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of Jesus Christ, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of the Holy Spirit, Accommodation religion - In the sacraments, Accommodation religion - Protestantism, Accommodation religion - In the preaching of the Gospel

Read more here: » Accommodation religion: Encyclopedia II - Accommodation religion - In the preaching of the Gospel

The belief that God has been able to sufficiently communicate to mankind, despite the failings and limitations of the latter, is given its supreme form in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Traditional Christianity, as expressed in the historic creeds, proclaims the Trinity as being part of the Orthodox (ie correct) Christian faith. The divinity of Christ, who is believed to be fully man and yet fully God, shows how the Godhead has accommodated itself to human minds and experience. Many Christians, especially those from a Reformed background, see in the person and work of Christ not ...

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Accommodation religion, Accommodation religion - In the Bible and in human language, Accommodation religion - Illumination, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of Jesus Christ, Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of the Holy Spirit, Accommodation religion - In the sacraments, Accommodation religion - Protestantism, Accommodation religion - In the preaching of the Gospel

Read more here: » Accommodation religion: Encyclopedia II - Accommodation religion - In the Person and work of Jesus Christ

Each Christian religious sect has its own rules defining what is an appropriate way to represent the life and times of Jesus. Differences between mediums and style can typically be attributed to various interpretations of the Bible (the leading christian religious text) and local cultural influences. Because the art form is so vast, the current list of appropriate mediums can be found in the Christian Art Mediums. The following is an accumulation of those mediums: Architecture: Cathedral or Church Fresco Iconography or Icon PaintingsSee also:

Christian art, Christian art - History, Christian art - Art Mediums, Christian art - Symbolism

Read more here: » Christian art: Encyclopedia II - Christian art - Art Mediums

Christian art is a major category of art produced in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. While the Western Empire's political structure essentially collapsed after the fall of Rome, its religious hierarchy, what is today the modern-day Catholic Church and Orthodox Church, was key in funding arts gloifying Christianity. As a stable European society emerged during the Middle Ages, the Church led the way in terms of art, using its resources to commission paintings and sculptures. Christian art can also be found in architecture principally in the ...

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Christian art, Christian art - History, Christian art - Art Mediums, Christian art - Symbolism

Read more here: » Christian art: Encyclopedia II - Christian art - History

Dharmaprabhasa (Sanskrit) (from dharma law + prabhasa illuminator)

Illuminator of the law; the name of a buddha who will appear during the seventh root-race (TG 100).

(See also: Dharmaprabhasa, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Sampajnana (Sanskrit). A power of internal illumination.

(See also: Sampajnana, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

In the light of the various critiques, I think we could see the Hawthorne effect at several levels. At the top level, it seems clear that in some cases there is a large effect that experimenters did not anticipate, that is due to participants' reactions to the experiment itself. This is the analogue to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle BUT (unlike in quantum mechanics) it only happens sometimes. So as a methodological heuristic (that you should always think about this issue) it is useful, but as an exact predictor of effects, it is ...

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Hawthorne effect, Hawthorne effect - Definitions, Hawthorne effect - Case studies, Hawthorne effect - Illumination experiments, Hawthorne effect - Relay assembly experiments, Hawthorne effect - Can we trust the research?, Hawthorne effect - Can we trust the literature?, Hawthorne effect - Summary view of Hawthorne, Hawthorne effect - Jastrow's effect of expectancy on punched card workers, Hawthorne effect - Teacher effects, Hawthorne effect - Science studies

Read more here: » Hawthorne effect: Encyclopedia II - Hawthorne effect - Summary view of Hawthorne

Although not of central importance here, of huge importance in educational research in general is the issue of teacher effects. Tim O'Shea once told me that in all studies where one of the variables was the teacher, the effect of different teachers was always bigger than the effect of different treatments (usually what was meant to be being studied). Basically, teachers have a huge effect but one we don't understand at all. If we did, we could train teachers to use best practice in the sense of getting the best effects: but we have no ...

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Hawthorne effect, Hawthorne effect - Definitions, Hawthorne effect - Case studies, Hawthorne effect - Illumination experiments, Hawthorne effect - Relay assembly experiments, Hawthorne effect - Can we trust the research?, Hawthorne effect - Can we trust the literature?, Hawthorne effect - Summary view of Hawthorne, Hawthorne effect - Jastrow's effect of expectancy on punched card workers, Hawthorne effect - Teacher effects, Hawthorne effect - Science studies

Read more here: » Hawthorne effect: Encyclopedia II - Hawthorne effect - Teacher effects