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Illumination | A Wisdom Archive on Illumination |  | Illumination A selection of articles related to Illumination |  |
| We recommend this article: Illumination - 1, and also this: Illumination - 2. |
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illumination, Illumination
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Illumination | | | | | | | | |  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Illuminated manuscript - TechniquesIllumination was a complex and frequently costly process. As such, it was usually reserved for special books: an altar Bible, for example. Wealthy people often had richly illuminated "books of hours" made, which set down prayers appropriate for various times in the liturgical day.
Illuminated manuscript - Text.
In the making of an illuminated manuscript, the text was usually written first. Sheets of parchment or vellum, animal hides specially prepared for writing, were cut down to the appropriate size. Aft ...
See also:Illuminated manuscript, Illuminated manuscript - Techniques, Illuminated manuscript - Text, Illuminated manuscript - Images, Illuminated manuscript - Paints, Illuminated manuscript - Gallery Read more here: » Illuminated manuscript: Encyclopedia II - Illuminated manuscript - Techniques |
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| | | |  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Metamerism color - Illuminant metamerismIlluminant metamerism is witnessed when you have a number of spectrally matched (exactly the same) samples, but when each is independently, yet simultaneously illuminated and viewed under lights whose spectral power distributions differ, you can perceive significant variations of the color. This phenomenon is rarely witnessed, unless you have a light box that allows you to see both lights separated by a divider, and your two identical samples illuminated by the different light sources. The lights are m ...
See also:Metamerism color, Metamerism color - Sample metamerism, Metamerism color - Illuminant metamerism, Metamerism color - Observer metamerism, Metamerism color - Geometric metamerism, Metamerism color - Graphic arts and color reproduction considerations Read more here: » Metamerism color: Encyclopedia II - Metamerism color - Illuminant metamerism |
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|  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy and Byzantium 3rd–6th centuriesThe earliest extant miniatures series of colored drawings or miniatures cut from the Ambrosian Iliad, an illustrated manuscript of the Iliad from the 3rd century. They are similar in style and treatment with the pictorial art of the later Roman classical period. In these pictures there is a considerable variety in the quality of the drawing, but there are many notable instances of fine figure-drawing, quite classical in sentiment, showing that the earlier art still exercised its influence. Such indications, too, of landscape as are to ...
See also:Miniature illuminated manuscript, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy and Byzantium 3rd–6th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Northwest Europe 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Persia Read more here: » Miniature illuminated manuscript: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy and Byzantium 3rd–6th centuries |
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| |  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Carolingian art - Illuminated manuscriptsThe most numerous surviving works of the Carolingian renaissance are illuminated manuscripts. Under Charlemagne's direction, new Gospels and liturgical works were prepared, as were teaching materials such as historical, literary and scientific works from ancient authors. Carolingian art had different monastic centers throughout the Carolingian Empire, known as ateliers, and each atelier had its own style that developed based on the artists and influences of that particular location and time. The earliest was the Court School of Charle ...
See also:Carolingian art, Carolingian art - History, Carolingian art - Illuminated manuscripts, Carolingian art - Sculpture and metalwork, Carolingian art - Painting, Carolingian art - Mosaics, Carolingian art - Spolia Read more here: » Carolingian art: Encyclopedia II - Carolingian art - Illuminated manuscripts |
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|  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuriesIn the native schools of illumination of Western Europe, decoration only was the leading motive. In the manuscripts of the Merovingian period, in the school which connected Frankland and northern Italy, and which is known as Lombardic or Franco-Lombardic, in the manuscripts of Spain, in the productions of the Celtic school of the British Isles, figure-drawing was scarcely known, serving rather as a feature of decoration than as a representation of the human form.
The Anglo-Saxon school, developed especially at Canterbury and Wincheste ...
See also:Miniature illuminated manuscript, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy and Byzantium 3rd–6th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Northwest Europe 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Italy 13th–15th centuries, Miniature illuminated manuscript - Persia Read more here: » Miniature illuminated manuscript: Encyclopedia II - Miniature illuminated manuscript - North-west Europe 8th–12th centuries |
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|  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Forward illuminationForward illumination is provided by main- ("high") and dipped- ("low") beam headlamps, which may be augmented by fog lamps and/or driving lamps.
Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps.
Main article: Headlamp
Main-beam headlamps provide a bright, general spread of light into the far distance. As such, they are only suitable for use when alone on the road, as they will dazzle other drivers. They are usually integrated with dipped-beam headlamps.
Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlam ...
See also:Automotive lighting, Automotive lighting - Forward illumination, Automotive lighting - Main-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Dipped-beam headlamps, Automotive lighting - Driving lamps, Automotive lighting - Front fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Cornering lamps, Automotive lighting - Conspicuity, Automotive lighting - Front position lamps and rear taillamps, Automotive lighting - Rear position lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear registration plate lamp, Automotive lighting - Sidemarker lights and retroreflectors, Automotive lighting - Daytime running lamps, Automotive lighting - Rear fog lamps, Automotive lighting - Signalling, Automotive lighting - Turn signals, Automotive lighting - Stop lamps, Automotive lighting - Reversing lamps Read more here: » Automotive lighting: Encyclopedia II - Automotive lighting - Forward illumination |
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| | |  |  |  | Illumination: Encyclopedia II - Lux - ExplanationIt is equal to one lumen per square metre.
sunlight on an average day ranges from 32 000 (32 klx) to 100 000 lux (100 klx)
TV studios are lit at about 1 000 lux (1 klx)
a bright office has about 400 lux of illumination
At sunset and sunrise, ambient outdoor light is also about 400 lux (if the sky is clear).
moonlight represents about 1 lux
starlight measures a mere 0.000 05 lux (= 50 μlx)
Trivia: Unicode has a symbol for "lx": (㏓), but this is just a legacy code to accommodate old code pages in certain Asian languages, and it is not recomme ...
See also:Lux, Lux - Definition, Lux - SI multiples, Lux - Explanation, Lux - Lux versus lumen, Lux - Relationship between illuminance and power, Lux - SI photometry units, Lux - Non-SI units of illuminance Read more here: » Lux: Encyclopedia II - Lux - Explanation |
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