Encyclopedia - Illness: Encyclopedia - Illness
Illness can be a synonym for disease or it can be a person's perception of having poor health. Disease is an actual physical, pathophysio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychosomatic Illness: Encyclopedia - Psychosomatic Illness
A Psychosomatic illness is an illness which exists because of a particular reason. "Psycho-" means of the mind and "-somatic" means of th...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Terminal Illness: Hindu - Hinduism Dictionary On Terminal Illness
terminal illness: Incurable disease, ending in death. See: death, suicide. (See also: Terminal illness , Hinduism, Body Mind and So...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dana Reeve: Encyclopedia Ii - Dana Reeve - Illness
On August 9, 2005, at the age of 44, Dana announced that she had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Her own mother, Helen Morosini, had jus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scott Joplin: Encyclopedia Ii - Scott Joplin - Illness
Joplin wanted to experiment further with compositions like Treemonisha, but by 1916 he was suffering from the effects of terminal syphili...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Navajo Nation: Encyclopedia Ii - Navajo Nation - Illness
Several types of cancer are higher than the national average on the Four Corners Navajo Reservation. (Raloff, 2004) Especially high are t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stephen Hawking: Encyclopedia Ii - Stephen Hawking - Illness
Despite being severely disabled by motor neuron disease,or ALS, Hawking is highly active in physics, writing, and public life. The diseas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stephen Hawking: Encyclopedia Ii - Stephen Hawking - Illness
Despite being severely disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a motor neuron disease, Hawking is highly active in physics, writing, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Babe Ruth: Encyclopedia Ii - Babe Ruth - Illness
After the war, Ruth continued to look for a chance to manage in the big leagues. While times before he had essentially been blackballed b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bob Gibson Musician: Encyclopedia Ii - Bob Gibson Musician - Illness
Starting about 1990, Gibson started to experience the symptoms of an illness that would not be diagnosed until three years later. Loss of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Customs And Etiquette Of Japan: Encyclopedia Ii - Customs And Etiquette Of Japan - Illness
It is common to bring a gift to someone staying in hospital such as flowers, but it can be considered bad luck to bring a potted plant. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Vi Of The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - George Vi Of The United Kingdom - Illness
The war had taken its toll on the King's health. This was exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer. Inc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uí Néill: Encyclopedia - Uí Néill
The Uí Néill (Irish for "descendants of Niall") were an Irish dynasty who claimed descent from Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artistry Of The Mentally Ill: Encyclopedia - Artistry Of The Mentally Ill
Artistry of the Mentally Ill was a 1922 book by psychiatrist Hans Prinzhorn, and is known as the work that launched the field of psychiat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Terminal Illness: Encyclopedia - Terminal Illness
Terminal illness is a medical term popularized in the 20th century for an active and progressive disease which cannot be cured and is exp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Alliance On Mental Illness: Encyclopedia - National Alliance On Mental Illness
NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, formerly known as the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill is an American non-profit nat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decompression Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Decompression Illness - Age
Arterial Gas Embolism, usually the result of some injury to the lungs or air filled cavity causing air bubbles to leak into the bloodstre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foodborne Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Foodborne Illness - Outbreaks
The vast majority of reported cases of foodborne illness occur as individual or sporadic cases. In most cases these originate, and occur,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foodborne Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Foodborne Illness - Statistics
There are every year about 76 million foodborne illnesses in the United States (26,000 cases for 100,000 inhabitants), 2 million in the U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychosomatic Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychosomatic Illness - Solutions
Although psychosomatic disease might improve or disappear following suggestion by a recognized authority, both the psycho and somatic asp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - Symptoms
In addition to the categorized illnesses, there are many well-defined symptoms of mental illness, such as paranoia, that are not regarded...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Illative Case: Encyclopedia Ii - Illative Case - Illative Case In The Finno-ugric Languages
Illative is, in the Finnish language, Estonian language and the Hungarian language, the third of the locative cases with the basic meanin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - Treatment
Strictly speaking, there is no cure for mental illness. Many conditions, like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression, can be tre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Illness - Development Of Illness And Symptoms
Darwin was too sensitive to the sight of blood and the brutality of surgery at the time as a student of medicine at Edinburgh University,...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Terminally Ill: Health Insurance Glossary Dictionary - Terminally Ill
Definition and meaning of Terminally Ill :   Terminally Ill:  A term which refers to the status of a person who will norma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decompression Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Decompression Illness - Decompression Sickness
Also known as the bends or Caisson Disease Usually the result of inadequate decompression following exposure to increased pressure. The d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foodborne Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Foodborne Illness - Pathogenic Agents
An early theory on the causes of food poisoning involved ptomaines, alkaloids found in decaying animal and vegetable matter. While some p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foodborne Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Foodborne Illness - Political Issues
Foodborne illness - United Kingdom. Since the 1970s, key changes in UK food safety law have taken place following serious outbreaks of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foodborne Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Foodborne Illness - Incubation Period
The delay between consumption of a contaminated food and appearance of the first symptoms of illness is called the incubation period. Thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decompression Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Decompression Illness - First Aid
First aid for DCI is administered by: Monitoring the victim for responsiveness, airway, breathing and circulation, to resucitate if nece...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ille-et-vilaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Ille-et-vilaine - Geography
Ille-et-Vilaine is a part of the current région of Bretagne and is bordered by the départements of Manche, Mayenne, Maine-et-Loire, Loi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ill Niño: Encyclopedia Ii - Ill Niño - Members
Ill Niño - Current members. Cristian Machado (vocals) Jardel Paisante (guitar) Ahrue Luster (guitar) Lazaro Pina (bass) Dave Chavarri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Illness - Conclusions
The exact nature of Darwin's illness or illnesses remain mysterious at this time. Unless sophisticated molecular probing of his biologica...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - Prevalence And Diagnosis
According to the 2003 report of the U.S. President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, major mental illness, including clinical de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - In Art And Literature
Mental illness - Books. One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger The Curious Incident of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - In Art And Literature
Mental illness - Books. One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger The Curious Incident of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - In Art And Literature
Mental illness - Books. One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger The Curious Incident of ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Critical Illness Insurance: Insurance Business Glossary Dictionary - Critical Illness Insurance
Definition and meaning of Critical Illness Insurance :   Critical Illness Insurance: A hybrid coverage that combines elements o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Illnesses Of Ariel Sharon: Encyclopedia Ii - Illnesses Of Ariel Sharon - Stroke Of January 2006
On January 4, 2006 Sharon suffered a second, far more serious stroke. A "massive cerebral hemorrhage" led to bleeding in his brain which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Illness - Contribution To Darwin's Work
Interestingly enough, it seems that Darwin's maladies actually may have contributed a lot to what many believe was a long and fruitful cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Illnesses Of Ariel Sharon: Encyclopedia Ii - Illnesses Of Ariel Sharon - Stroke Of December 2005
On December 18, 2005 Sharon was sent to Hadassah Ein Kerem hospital after suffering a mild stroke, specifically a relatively unusual type...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Critical Illness, Ci Insurance: Insurance Glossary Dictionary Iv - Critical Illness, Ci Insurance
Definition and meaning of CRITICAL ILLNESS, CI INSURANCE :   CRITICAL ILLNESS (CI) INSURANCE*: A type of individual health insu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - Controversy Over Its Nature
The subject is profoundly controversial. For example, homosexuality was once considered such an "illness" (see DSM-II), and this percepti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Mental Illness - Monotheism And Mental Health
The next major developments in the history of mental health and illness came in a wave of new ideas about the self that occurred in the 6...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Illness - Controversy Over Its Nature
Main articles: Anti-psychiatry and Causes of psychiatric disorder The subject is profoundly controversial. For example, until the 1970s h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Disease - Syndromes, Illness And Disease
Medical usage sometimes distinguishes a disease, which has a known specific cause or causes (called its etiology), from a syndrome, which...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Redon Ille-et-vilaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Redon Ille-et-vilaine - Geography
Redon is located in the Ille-et-Vilaine département. Redon borders the Morbihan and Loire-Atlantique départements. This small town is s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Redon Ille-et-vilaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Redon Ille-et-vilaine - History
Very little information exists about this area prior to 832, however it would seem that there was a parish by the name of Riedones which ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Disease - Syndromes Illness And Disease
Medical usage sometimes distinguishes a disease, which has a known specific cause or causes (called its etiology), from a syndrome, which...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Films Featuring Mental Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Films Featuring Mental Illness - Mental Retardation
List of films featuring mental illness - Clinical depression. Prozac Nation (2001) [21] List of films featuring mental illness - Bip...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Michael Cuccione: Encyclopedia Ii - Michael Cuccione - Illness And Awareness
On July 1994, when Michael was 9, he was diagnosed with 2A Hodgkins disease, a form of cancer affecting the lymph nodes. It was treated w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marie Lafarge: Encyclopedia Ii - Marie Lafarge - Parisian Illness
While Charles was in Paris, Marie wrote to him passionate love letters, sent him her picture, as well as a Christmas cake in the spirit o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clara Bow: Encyclopedia Ii - Clara Bow - Mental Illness
After being diagnosed a schizophrenic in 1949 and suffering a mental-health regimen that included shock treatments, Clara Bow died on Sep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Scientology: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Scientology - Homosexuality As An Illness
In 1950 Hubbard published Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Since that time it has never gone out of print. The book has so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mihai Eminescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Mihai Eminescu - Years Of Illness
In his last years, he suffered from manic-depressive psychosis. In 1883, in Romania, he was diagnosed with syphilis and George Călinescu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary Whitehouse: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary Whitehouse - Illness And Death
In 1990, she claimed on BBC radio that Dennis Potter had been influenced by witnessing his mother engaged in adulterous sex. Potter's mot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rudolph Valentino: Encyclopedia Ii - Rudolph Valentino - Illness And Death
On August 23, 1926, Rudolph Valentino died at the age of 31 in New York City, New York as a result of septicemia, a short time after surg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - George Lohmann: Encyclopedia Ii - George Lohmann - Illness And Comeback
After the 1892 season had ended, a dreadful shock came when it was announced that Lohmann had contracted tuberculosis. In an effort to im...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henry Thrale: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry Thrale - Illness And Death
On 1 April 1777 Henry's death was falsely reported in the newspapers, and threw James Boswell into "a state of very uneasy uncertainty". ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psychopathology: Encyclopedia Ii - Psychopathology - Psychopathology As The Study Of Mental Illness
Many different professions may be involved in studying mental illness or distress. Most notably, psychiatrists and clinical psychologists...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Illnesses Related To Poor Nutrition: Encyclopedia Ii - Illnesses Related To Poor Nutrition - Overnutrition Eating Too Much
Illnesses related to poor nutrition - Proteins/fats/carbohydrates. Cardiovascular disease (Leading cause of death in the western world...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Illnesses Related To Poor Nutrition: Encyclopedia Ii - Illnesses Related To Poor Nutrition - Deficiencies Eating Too Little
Illnesses related to poor nutrition - Proteins/fats/carbohydrates. protein-energy malnutrition kwashiorkor marasmus Illnesses rel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vivien Leigh: Encyclopedia Ii - Vivien Leigh - Continuing Illness
In 1951 the couple performed two plays about Cleopatra, William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra and George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yasser Arafat: Encyclopedia Ii - Yasser Arafat - Illness And Death
First reports of Arafat's treatment by his doctors for what his spokesman said was 'flu' came on October 25, 2004 after he vomited during...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Doc Holliday: Encyclopedia Ii - Doc Holliday - Final Illness
He spent the rest of his brief life in Colorado. After a stay in Leadville, Colorado, Holliday suffered from the effects of the high alti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schizotypy: Encyclopedia Ii - Schizotypy - The Relationship Between Schizotypy And Mental Illness
Although aiming to reflect some of the features present in diagnosable mental illness, schizotypy does not necessarily imply that someone...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flag Of Ulster: Encyclopedia Ii - Flag Of Ulster - The Uí Néill
The term Uí Néill denotes "grandsons/descendants of Niall", the ancestor noted being Niall of the Nine Hostages (Niall Noigíallach), a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wog: Encyclopedia Ii - Wog - As A Synonym For Illness In Australian English
Wog has also been used in Australia as a slang term for illness such as colds, the flu or malaria. This usage has been in existence since...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Livingstone: Encyclopedia Ii - David Livingstone - Illness Fun And Killienss
Livingstone was taken ill and completely lost contact with the outside world for six years. Only one of his 44 later dispatches made it t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Milli Vanilli: Encyclopedia Ii - Milli Vanilli - The Ill-fated Redemption
Insisting that they could sing their own music, Rob and Fab were signed to Kenny & Ricki Taylor's Joss Entertainment label to release...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Logorrhoea: Encyclopedia Ii - Logorrhoea - Logorrhoea As A Form Of Mental Illness
Logorrhoea is a language disorder present in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders including aphasia[1], localised cortical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jacinta And Francisco Marto: Encyclopedia Ii - Jacinta And Francisco Marto - Illness And Death
All three children, but particularly Jacinta and Francisco, practiced stringent self-mortifications. They may have debilitated themselves...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Entamoeba Histolytica: Encyclopedia Ii - Entamoeba Histolytica - Diagnosis Of Human Illness
Asymptomatic human infections are usually diagnosed by finding cysts shed with the stool. Various flotation or sedimentation procedures h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niels Ryberg Finsen: Encyclopedia Ii - Niels Ryberg Finsen - Illness And Death
From the mid 1880s and onwards Niels Finsen health began to frail. He had symptoms of heart trouble and suffered from ascities and genera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rosemary Kennedy: Encyclopedia Ii - Rosemary Kennedy - Was Rosemary Retarded Or Mentally Ill?
Researchers disagree over whether the initial assessment of Rosemary's condition called for this radical procedure. According to author L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tuathal Maelgarb: Encyclopedia Ii - Tuathal Maelgarb - Southern Uí Néill Family Tree Abbreviated
Niall | |_________________________________________________________ | | ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Luther Vandross: Encyclopedia Ii - Luther Vandross - Illness 2003-2005
Vandross had diabetes, a disease that ran in his family, as well as hypertension. His weight fluctuated several times over the years, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kazi Nazrul Islam: Encyclopedia Ii - Kazi Nazrul Islam - Illness And Later Life
Commemorative stamp Bangladesh In 1942 Nazrul fell seriously ill and - despite all efforts at treatment - gradually lost his voice and me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ian Paisley: Encyclopedia Ii - Ian Paisley - Family Confirms Seriousness Of 2004 Illness
In July 2004 Paisley's family stated that he had been undergoing tests for an undisclosed illness. The family suggested that the release ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Escherichia Coli O157:h7: Encyclopedia Ii - Escherichia Coli O157:h7 - How Is The Illness Treated?
Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the cour...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - E. Fuller Torrey: Encyclopedia Ii - E. Fuller Torrey - National Alliance On Mental Illness
Torrey was for many years an active advisor for the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). Although Torrey, TAC, and NAMI remain ali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magical Thinking: Encyclopedia Ii - Magical Thinking - Magical Thinking In Mental Illness
Magical thinking is often intensified in mental illnesses such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or clinical depression. In each it can ta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prince John Of The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Prince John Of The United Kingdom - Life And Illness
Prince John had his first epileptic seizure at age four. He did not attend his father's coronation on 22 June 1911. Due probably to the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Illness: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Illness - Possible Causes
Medical science has tried repeatedly to pinpoint the etiology, and many hypotheses were made, such as: Psychosomatic disease [1] Panic d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicholas Ii Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicholas Ii Of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's Illness
Further complicating domestic matters was the matter of the succession. Alexandra bore him four daughters before their son Alexei was bor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicholas Ii Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicholas Ii Of Russia - Tsarevich Alexei's Illness
Further complicating domestic matters was the matter of the succession. Alexandra bore him four daughters before their son Alexei was bor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rainier Iii Prince Of Monaco: Encyclopedia Ii - Rainier Iii Prince Of Monaco - Illness And Death
In the last three years of his life, Prince Rainier's health progressively declined. In early 2004, he was hospitalized for coronary prob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dick Clark Entertainer: Encyclopedia Ii - Dick Clark Entertainer - Clark's Illness And Return
In 2003, it was revealed that Clark had Type 2 diabetes. Then, on December 8, 2004, Dick Clark was hospitalized in Los Angeles after suff...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Dictionary Illness: Dream Interpretation Dictionary - Illness
  Illness [99] For a woman to dream of her own illness, foretells that some unforeseen event will throw her into a frenzy of de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - An Infinitely Differentiable Function That Is Not Analytic: Encyclopedia Ii - An Infinitely Differentiable Function That Is Not Analytic - How It Is Ill-behaved
An infinitely differentiable function that is not analytic - f is smooth on R. It can be shown that f admits continuous derivatives of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mental Health Act 1983: Encyclopedia Ii - Mental Health Act 1983 - Physical Illness
The Mental Health Act 1983 provides the legal framework for the assessment and/or treatment of mental disorders. It does not provide for ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Cardinal O'connor: Encyclopedia Ii - John Cardinal O'connor - Illness And Death
In 1999 O'Connor was diagnosed as having a brain tumor. On March 7, 2000 O'Connor was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by unanimous s...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Interpreation Illness: Dream Interpretations Dictionary - Illness
  Dream Interpretation Illness Illnesses in dreams represent the emotional state we are experiencing at the moment. If you are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isambard Kingdom Brunel: Encyclopedia Ii - Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Illnesses And Death Of Brunel
In 1843, while performing a conjuring trick for the amusement of his children, he accidentally inhaled a half-sovereign coin which became...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Dictionary Illness: Dream Interpretation Dictionary - Illness
  Illness 1. Often times, dreaming of illness has been shown to be a warning of an impending illness, the nature of which is some...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beastie Boys: Encyclopedia Ii - Beastie Boys - Ill Communication - 1993-1997
Ill Communication, released in 1994, saw the Beastie Boys' return to the top of the charts when the album peaked at #2 on the R&B/ hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beastie Boys: Encyclopedia Ii - Beastie Boys - Licensed To Ill - 1984-1987
It was during this period that Def Jam record producer Rick Rubin entered the picture and the Beastie Boys changed from a punk rock outfi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tin-foil Hat: Encyclopedia Ii - Tin-foil Hat - Tin-foil Hats And Mental Illness
There have been some people who believe in the efficacy of tin-foil hats and similar devices. Reasons for use include preventing abductio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Chase: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Chase - Early Years/first Signs Of Mental Illness
Born in 1950, he was raised in a strict household and was beaten often by his father. In his teens he became an alcoholic and also develo...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Meaning Of Dreams About Illness: Dream Interpretation Dictionary - Illness
  Illness If you are ill in your dream, please pay attention to your health. At times our unconscious gives us warnings before we...   » Read the article