Igor Diakonov

Gumilev did not extend this ethnological ecumenism, however, to the medieval Jews, who he regarded as a parasitic, international urban class that had dominated the Khazars who in turn had subjected the early East Slavs to the "Khazar Yoke". This last phrase he adapted from the traditional term "Tatar Yoke" for the Mongol domination of medieval Russia, a term Gumilev rejected for he did not regard the Mongol conquest as a necessarily negative event. In particular, and with virtually no support from primary sources, he asserted that the Radhan ...

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Lev Gumilev, Lev Gumilev - Life, Lev Gumilev - Ideas, Lev Gumilev - Accusations of anti-Semitism, Lev Gumilev - Works

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His parents were two prominent poets Nikolay Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova. They divorced when Lev was a baby, and his father was executed when he was just 9. During his mother's persecution in the 1930s, he was expelled from the Leningrad University and deported to gulags, where he would spend most of his youth, from 1938 until 1956. During a brief stint at large, he joined the Red Army and took part in the Battle of Berlin. In order to secure his release, Akhmatova was constrained to publish dithyrambs to Stalin, but this didn't help. Their relations remained strained, as Lev blamed his mother for the mi ...

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Gumilev attempted to explain the waves of nomadic migration that rocked the great steppe of Eurasia for centuries by geographical factors such as annual vacillations in solar radiation, which determine the area of grasslands that could be used for grazing livestock. According to this idea, when the steppe areas shrank drastically, the nomads of Central Asia began moving to the fertile pastures of Europe or China. To describe his ideas on the genesis and evolution of ethnoses, Gumilev introduced the concept of "passionarity", which may ...

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Lev Gumilev, Lev Gumilev - Life, Lev Gumilev - Ideas, Lev Gumilev - Accusations of anti-Semitism, Lev Gumilev - Works

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Urartu (Biainili in Urartian) was an ancient kingdom in eastern Anatolia, centred in the mountainous region around Lake Van (present-day Turkey), which existed from about 1000 BC, or earlier, until 585 BC. The name may correspond to the Biblical Ararat. At its apogee, Urartu stretched from northern Mesopotamia through the southern Caucasus, involving parts of present-day Armenia up to Lake Sevan. Its archaeological sites include Altintepe, Toprakkale, Patnos and Cavustepe. Urartu fortresses are found in Van ...

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• Urartu - Language
• Urartu - The Urartian legacy
• Urartu - Literature

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List of Russians - Architects. Vasily Bazhenov (1738-1799) Savva Chevakinsky (1709-between 1774 and 1780) Matvei Kazakov (1738-1812) Andrey Kvasov (1720 - after 1770) Alexander Kokorinov (1725-1772) Konstantin Melnikov (1890-1974) Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin (1700–1763) Alfred Alexandrovich Parland (1842-1920) Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-1771) Carlo Rossi (architect) (1775-1849) Andrey Schtakenshneider (1802-1865) ...

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Urartu - Origins. Assyrian inscriptions of Shalmaneser I (ca. 1270 BC) first mention a loose confederation called the Uruartri or Nairi in North-East Anatolia, in the region around Lake Van. They were repeatedly subjected to attacks by the Assyrians, especially under Tukulti-Ninurta I (ca. 1240 BC), Tiglath-Pileser I (ca. 1100 BC), Ashur-bel-kala (ca. 1070 BC), Adad-nirari II (ca. 900), Tukulti-Ninurta II (ca. 890), and Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC). These towns or tribes became a unified kingdom under king Aramu (ca. 860-843 BC), whose capital at Arzashkun was captured by Shalmaneser III. See also:

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The people of Urartu were mostly farmers. They were experts in stone architecture; they may have introduced the blind arch to the Near East, and their houses may have been the precursor of the Persian apadana layout. They were also experts in metalworking, and exported metal vessels to Phrygia and Etruria. Excavations have yielded two-storied residential houses with internal wall decorations, windows, and balconies. Their towns generally had well-developed water supply ...

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The Urartians spoke an agglutinative language, conventionally called Urartian, which was related to Hurrian in the Hurro-Urartian family, and was neither Semitic nor Indo-European. It had close linguistic similarities to Northeast Caucasian languages. Igor Diakonov even places it in the Alarodian family, based on linguistic similarities with Northeast Caucasian languages. A more distant connection between Urartian and the modern Georgian la ...

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List of Russians - Before 1917. See also Tsar for the list of old Russian rulers Alexis (1629-1676), "Aleksey Mikhaylovich the Quietest" Alexander I (1777-1825), "Alexander the Blessed" Alexander II (1818-1881), "Alexander the Liberator" Alexander III (1845-1894), "Alexander the Peacemaker" Alexandra (1872-1918), Tsarina of Russia Alexius Petrovich (1690-1718) Anastasia (1901-1918), youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II ...

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List of Russians - A-N. Yuri Artyukhin Pavel Belyayev (1925-1970) Georgi Beregovoi (1921-1995) Valery Bykovsky Lev Demin Georgi Dobrovolski Vladimir Dzhanibekov Konstantin Feoktistov Anatoli Filipchenko Yuri Gagarin (1934-1968), first human in space Viktor Gorbatko Georgi Grechko Aleksei Gubarev Alexandr Kaleri Yevgeny Khrunov Pyotr Klimuk Vladimir Komarov ...

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List of Russians - A-K. Alexei Abrikosov, physicist, Nobel Prize recipient Tatyana Alexeyevna Afanasyeva, mathematician Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, astronomer and astrophysicist Delibash Boris Apostolovich, worked on the Sputnik program. Lev Artsimovich, physicist Pavel Sergeevich Alexandrov, mathematician Zhores Ivanovich Alferov Nobel Prize winner Dmitri Victorovich Anosov, mathematician Vladimir Mikhailovich Behterev, psycholog ...

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List of Russians - Chess. Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik Anatoly Karpov Garry Kasparov (b. 1963, father Jewish, mother Armenian) Victor Korchnoi Vladimir Kramnik Alexander Motylev Vasily Smyslov Boris Spassky Mikhail Tal List of Russians - Gymnastics. Nikolai Andrianov (b. 1952), gymnast, world record for men for most Olympic medals Yelena ...

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During the times of the Soviet Union nationals of other constituent republics were traditionally known as "Russians" in the West. Some of them were even known under Russian or Russified names. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union they have now become known under their various nationalities. List of Armenians List of Belarusians List of Estonians List of Georgians List of Kazakh historical figures List of Latvians See also:

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