IBM 1401

List of IBM products - Computers based on vacuum tubes 1950s. IBM 305 — RAMAC — Random Access Method of Accounting and Control; 1956 IBM 610 — Auto-Point Computer; 1957 IBM 650 — Business Magnetic Drum Data Processing Machine; 1954 IBM 701 — Defense Calculator; 1952 IBM 702 — Business Electronic Data Processing Machine; 1953 IBM 704 — Scientific Electronic Data Processing Machine; 1956 IBM 705 — Business ...

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List of IBM products, List of IBM products - Non-computer hardware, List of IBM products - Keypunches and verifiers, List of IBM products - Unit record equipment, List of IBM products - Calculating devices, List of IBM products - Time clocks, List of IBM products - Typewriters, List of IBM products - Electronic computers, List of IBM products - Computers based on vacuum tubes 1950s, List of IBM products - Computers based on discrete transistors 1960s, List of IBM products - Computers based on SLT or discrete IC CPUs 1964 to present, List of IBM products - Computers based on microprocessor CPUs 1981 to present, List of IBM products - Computer and calculating device peripherals, List of IBM products - Punched card and paper tape equipment, List of IBM products - Printer/plotter equipment and terminals, List of IBM products - Electrical/electronic/magnetic/optical storage units, List of IBM products - Coprocessor units, List of IBM products - Input/Output control units, List of IBM products - Fibre Channel switches directors and virtualisation products, List of IBM products - Operator's consoles and control panels, List of IBM products - Power supply/distribution units, List of IBM products - Other, List of IBM products - IBM PC components and peripherals, List of IBM products - Embedded systems, List of IBM products - Bank and finance, List of IBM products - Document processing, List of IBM products - Industry and manufacturing, List of IBM products - Medical/science/lab equipment, List of IBM products - Retail/point-of-sale POS, List of IBM products - Telecommuncations terminals, List of IBM products - Unclassified, List of IBM products - Computer software, List of IBM products - Operating systems, List of IBM products - Utilities and languages, List of IBM products - Middleware and applications

Read more here: » List of IBM products: Encyclopedia II - List of IBM products - Electronic computers

The basic instruction format was a 3-bit prefix, 15-bit decrement, 3-bit tag, and 15-bit address. The prefix field specified the class of instruction. The decrement field often contained an immediate operand to modify the results of the operation, or was used to further define the instruction type. The three bits of the tag specified three index registers (seven in the 7094), the contents of which were subtracted from the address to produce an effective address. The address field either ...

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IBM 7090, IBM 7090 - IBM 7094 and IBM 7040/7044, IBM 7090 - Instruction and data formats, IBM 7090 - Input/Output, IBM 7090 - Notable applications, IBM 7090 - Reference

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The 7090 series featured a data channel architecture for input and output, a forerunner of modern direct memory access I/O. Up to 10 data channels could be attached. The datachannels had their own instruction set. These were used with tape and later disk storage and offered high performance for the time. Printing and punch card I/O, however, employed modified unit record equipment and was slow. It became common to use a less expensive IBM 1401 computer to read cards onto magnetic tape for transfer to the 7090/94. Output would be spooledSee also:

IBM 7090, IBM 7090 - IBM 7094 and IBM 7040/7044, IBM 7090 - Instruction and data formats, IBM 7090 - Input/Output, IBM 7090 - Notable applications, IBM 7090 - Reference

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Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the 'state of the art', and many thought they were the future of computing. Analog computers use continuously varying amounts of physical quantities, such as voltages or currents, or the rotational speed of shafts, to represent the quantities being processed. An ingenious example of such a machine was the Water integrator built in 1936. Unlike modern digital computers, analog computers are not very flexible, and need to be reconfigured (i.e., reprogrammed) manual ...

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History of computing hardware, History of computing hardware - Earliest devices for facilitating human calculation, History of computing hardware - First mechanical calculators, History of computing hardware - Punched card technology 1801–, History of computing hardware - First designs of programmable machines 1835–1900s, History of computing hardware - More limited types of mechanical gear computing 1800s–1900s, History of computing hardware - Analog computers pre-1940, History of computing hardware - First generation of electrical digital computers 1940s, History of computing hardware - American developments, History of computing hardware - Colossus, History of computing hardware - Konrad Zuse's Z-Series, History of computing hardware - Postwar von Neumann machines -- the first generation, History of computing hardware - Second generation -- late 1950s and early 1960s, History of computing hardware - Vacuum tube circuits and drum memory, History of computing hardware - Discrete transistor circuits and core memory, History of computing hardware - Third generation and beyond post-1960, History of computing hardware - Notes, History of computing hardware - Books for further reading

Read more here: » History of computing hardware: Encyclopedia II - History of computing hardware - Analog computers pre-1940

See also the Embedded systems section, below. List of IBM products - Keypunches and verifiers. IBM 001 — Mechanical punch IBM 002 — Port-a-punch IBM 011 — Electric punch IBM 012 — Duplicating punch IBM 015 — Motorized punch IBM 016 — Electric duplicating punch key punch IBM 024 — Electronic (tube) punch non-printing IBM 026 — Electronic (tube) punch printing, BCD zone codes IBM 029 — Electric punch printi ...

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List of IBM products, List of IBM products - Non-computer hardware, List of IBM products - Keypunches and verifiers, List of IBM products - Unit record equipment, List of IBM products - Calculating devices, List of IBM products - Time clocks, List of IBM products - Typewriters, List of IBM products - Electronic computers, List of IBM products - Computers based on vacuum tubes 1950s, List of IBM products - Computers based on discrete transistors 1960s, List of IBM products - Computers based on SLT or discrete IC CPUs 1964 to present, List of IBM products - Computers based on microprocessor CPUs 1981 to present, List of IBM products - Computer and calculating device peripherals, List of IBM products - Punched card and paper tape equipment, List of IBM products - Printer/plotter equipment and terminals, List of IBM products - Electrical/electronic/magnetic/optical storage units, List of IBM products - Coprocessor units, List of IBM products - Input/Output control units, List of IBM products - Fibre Channel switches directors and virtualisation products, List of IBM products - Operator's consoles and control panels, List of IBM products - Power supply/distribution units, List of IBM products - Other, List of IBM products - IBM PC components and peripherals, List of IBM products - Embedded systems, List of IBM products - Bank and finance, List of IBM products - Document processing, List of IBM products - Industry and manufacturing, List of IBM products - Medical/science/lab equipment, List of IBM products - Retail/point-of-sale POS, List of IBM products - Telecommuncations terminals, List of IBM products - Unclassified, List of IBM products - Computer software, List of IBM products - Operating systems, List of IBM products - Utilities and languages, List of IBM products - Middleware and applications

Read more here: » List of IBM products: Encyclopedia II - List of IBM products - Non-computer hardware

The next major step in the history of computing was the invention of the transistor in 1947. This replaced the fragile and power hungry valves with a much smaller and more reliable component. Transistorized computers are normally referred to as 'Second Generation' and dominated the late 1950s and early 1960s. By using transistors and printed circuits a significant decrease in size and power consumption was achieved, along with an increase in reliability.See also:

History of computing hardware, History of computing hardware - Earliest devices for facilitating human calculation, History of computing hardware - First mechanical calculators, History of computing hardware - Punched card technology 1801–, History of computing hardware - First designs of programmable machines 1835–1900s, History of computing hardware - More limited types of mechanical gear computing 1800s–1900s, History of computing hardware - Analog computers pre-1940, History of computing hardware - First generation of electrical digital computers 1940s, History of computing hardware - American developments, History of computing hardware - Colossus, History of computing hardware - Konrad Zuse's Z-Series, History of computing hardware - Postwar von Neumann machines -- the first generation, History of computing hardware - Second generation -- late 1950s and early 1960s, History of computing hardware - Vacuum tube circuits and drum memory, History of computing hardware - Discrete transistor circuits and core memory, History of computing hardware - Third generation and beyond post-1960, History of computing hardware - Notes, History of computing hardware - Books for further reading

Read more here: » History of computing hardware: Encyclopedia II - History of computing hardware - Second generation -- late 1950s and early 1960s