IBM 1401 - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Ibm 1401: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 1401 - Character And Op Codes
The table below is listed in Character Collating Sequence. ... See also:IBM 1401, IBM 1401 - Character and Op codes, IBM 1401 - Hardwa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byte: Encyclopedia - Byte
A byte is commonly used as a unit of storage measurement in computers, regardless of the type of data being stored. It is also one of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Word Computer Science: Encyclopedia - Word Computer Science
In computing, "word" is a term for the natural unit of data used by a particular computer design. A word is simply a fixed-sized group of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Word Computer Science: Encyclopedia Ii - Word Computer Science - Word Size Choice
When a computer architecture is designed, the choice of a word size is of substantial importance. There are design considerations which e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Ibm Products: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Ibm Products - Computer And Calculating Device Peripherals
List of IBM products - Punched card and paper tape equipment. IBM 323 — Card Punch IBM 521 — Punch card reader/punch IBM 527 — P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 7090: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 7090 - Ibm 7094 And Ibm 7040/7044
An upgraded version, the IBM 7094, was first installed in September 1962. It had seven index registers, instead of three on the earlier m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 700/7000 Series: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 700/7000 Series - Scientific Architecture 704/709/7090/7094
IBM 700/7000 series - Data Formats. Numbers were 36 bits long, both fixed point and floating point. (See: Why 36 bits?) Fixed point nu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byte: Encyclopedia Ii - Byte - Alternate Words
The eight-bit byte is often called an octet in formal contexts such as industry standards, as well as in networking and telecommunication...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - System/360: Encyclopedia Ii - System/360 - System/360 History
System/360 - A family of computers. Unlike past practice, IBM created an entire line of computers (or CPUs) from small to large, low to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 1620: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 1620 - Development History
In 1958 IBM assembled a team at the Poughkeepsie, New York development laboratory to study the "small scientific market". Initially the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rpg Programming Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Rpg Programming Language - Example Code
The following program receives a customer number as an input parameter and returns the name and address as output parameters. * H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Origins
The punched card predates computers considerably. As early as 1725 Basile Bouchon used perforated paper loop in a loom to establish the p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bresenham's Line Algorithm: Encyclopedia Ii - Bresenham's Line Algorithm - The Algorithm
The line is drawn between two points (x0, y0) and (x1, y1), where these pairs indicate column and row, respectively, increasing in the do...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - 1940s: First Electrical Digital Computers
The era of modern computing began with a flurry of development before and during World War II, as electronic circuits, relays, capacitors...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Origins
The punched card predates computers considerably. As early as 1725 Basile Bouchon used perforated paper loop in a loom to establish the p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm Mainframe: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm Mainframe - History
From 1950 to 1965, IBM and several other companies manufactured numerous computer models, most of which were incompatible with each other...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - Ibm 1311
The IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive was announced on October 11, 1962 and was designed for use with several medium-scale business and scienti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - First Mechanical Calculators
In 1623 Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator and thus became the father of the computing era. Since his machine used t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - 1950s And Early 1960s: Second Generation
The next major step in the history of computing was the invention of the transistor in 1947. This replaced the fragile and power hungry v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - First Generation Von Neumann Machines
The first working von Neumann machine was the Manchester "Baby" or Small-Scale Experimental Machine, built at the University of Mancheste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Post-1960: Third Generation And Beyond
The explosion in the use of computers began with 'Third Generation' computers. These relied on Jack St. Clair Kilby's and Robert Noyce's ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - Ibm 2311
The IBM 2311 Direct Access Storage Facility was introduced in 1964 for use throughout the System/360 series. It was also available on the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bresenham's Line Algorithm: Encyclopedia Ii - Bresenham's Line Algorithm - History
The algorithm was developed by Jack E. Bresenham in 1962 at IBM. In 2001 Bresenham wrote: "I was working in the computation lab at IBM's...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - Ibm 2314
The IBM 2314 Disk Storage Drive was introduced on April 22, 1965, one year after the System/360 introduction. It was used with the System...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Pre-1940 Analog Computers
Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the 'state of the art', and many thought they were the fu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - First Mechanical Calculators
In 1623 Wilhelm Schickard built the first mechanical calculator and thus became the father of the computing era. Since his machine used t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - 1801: Punched Card Technology
In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards. The series of cards cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - 1835–1900s: First Programmable Machines
The defining feature of a "universal computer" is programmability, which allows the computer to emulate any other calculating machine by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - 1800s–1900s: Limited Mechanical Computing
By the 1900s earlier mechanical calculators, cash registers, accounting machines, and so on were redesigned to use electric motors, with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Postwar Von Neumann Machines -- The First Generation
The first working von Neumann machine was the Manchester "Baby" or Small-Scale Experimental Machine, built at the University of Mancheste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Ibm Punch Card Format
Punch card - Corner cut. A major reason for the corner cut was so the punch card could not be inserted backwards or upside down. If the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rpg Programming Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Rpg Programming Language - Overview
RPG (aka RPG IV aka RPGLE) is the mainstay programming language of the IBM iSeries platform. Originally designed as a query tool, IBM has...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - Ibm 1301
The IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit was announced on June 2, 1961. It was designed for use with the IBM 7000 series mainframe computers and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rpg Programming Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Rpg Programming Language - History
RPG is one of the few languages created for punch card machines that is still in common use today. This is because the language has evolv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - Ibm 350
The IBM 350 was part of the IBM RAMAC 305, the computer that introduced disk storage technology to the world on September 4, 1956. RAMAC ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byte: Encyclopedia Ii - Byte - Abbreviation
Byte can be abbreviated to B (E.g. MB means megabyte) Bit can be abbreviated to b (E.g. Mb means megabit) French-speaking countries somet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 1620: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 1620 - Hardware Implementation
Most of the logic circuitry of the 1620 was a type of resistor-transistor logic (RTL) using "drift" transistors (a type of transistor inv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 1620: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 1620 - The 1620's Architecture
It was a variable "word" length decimal (BCD) computer with a memory that could hold anything from 20,000 to 60,000 decimal digits increa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Key Punches
Data was entered on a machine called a keypunch, which was like a large, very noisy typewriter. Often the text was also printed at the to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Other Formats
Other coding schemes, sizes of card, and hole shapes were tried at various times. Mark sense cards had printed ovals that humans would fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Advantages
In its earliest uses, the punch card was not just a data recording medium, but a controlling element of the data processing operation. El...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Obsolescence
Punched-card systems fell out of favor in the mid to late 1970s, as disk storage became cost effective, and affordable interactive termin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - System/360: Encyclopedia Ii - System/360 - Technical Description
System/360 - Key features of lasting impact. The System/360 introduced a number of industry standards to the marketplace, such as: The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Early Ibm Disk Storage: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Ibm Disk Storage - The Floppy Disk
Another important IBM innovation was little noticed when it was introduced with the System/370 in 1971. IBM needed a way to load new micr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 700/7000 Series: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 700/7000 Series - Architectures
The IBM 700/7000 series had five completely different ways of storing data and instructions: First (36/18-bit words): 701 (Defense Calcu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Obsolescence
Punched-card systems fell out of favor in the mid to late 1970s, as disk storage became cost effective, and affordable interactive termin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 700/7000 Series: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 700/7000 Series - First Architecture 701
Known as the Defense Calculator while in development in the IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory, this machine was formally unveiled April 7, 1953...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - American Developments
In 1937, Claude Shannon produced his master's thesis at MIT that implemented Boolean algebra using electronic relays and switches for the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 700/7000 Series: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 700/7000 Series - Commercial Architecture 702/705/7080
The IBM 702 and IBM 705 were similar and the 705 could run many 702 programs without modification, but they were not completely compatibl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Advantages
In its earliest uses, the punch card was not just a data recording medium, but a controlling element of the data processing operation. El...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Other Formats
Other coding schemes, sizes of card, and hole shapes were tried at various times. Mark sense cards had printed ovals that humans would fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Third Generation And Beyond Post-1960
The explosion in the use of computers began with 'Third Generation' computers. These relied on Jack St. Clair Kilby's and Robert Noyce's ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Colossus
During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Ibm Punch Card Format
Punch card - Corner cut. A major reason for the corner cut was so the punch card could not be inserted backwards or upside down. If the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Punch Card: Encyclopedia Ii - Punch Card - Key Punches
Data was entered on a machine called a keypunch, which was like a large, very noisy typewriter. Often the text was also printed at the to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 700/7000 Series: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 700/7000 Series - Decimal Architecture 7070/7072/7074
The IBM 7070, IBM 7072, and IBM 7074 were designed to provide a "transistorized IBM 650" upgrade path. They replaced the drum memory with...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - First Generation Of Electrical Digital Computers 1940s
The era of modern computing began with a flurry of development before and during World War II, as electronic circuits, relays, capacitors...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - First Designs Of Programmable Machines 1835–1900s
The defining feature of a "universal computer" is programmability, which allows the computer to emulate any other calculating machine by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Ibm Products: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Ibm Products - Embedded Systems
List of IBM products - Bank and finance. IBM 2730 — Transaction validation terminal; 1971 IBM 2984 — Cash dispensing terminal; 197...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Punched Card Technology 1801–
In 1801, Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards. The series of cards cou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Word Computer Science: Encyclopedia Ii - Word Computer Science - Size Families
As computer designs have grown more complex, the obvious central importance of a single word size to an architecture has decreased. This ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Konrad Zuse's Z-series
Working in isolation in Nazi Germany, Konrad Zuse started construction in 1936 of his first Z-series calculators featuring memory and (in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - More Limited Types Of Mechanical Gear Computing 1800s–1900s
By the 1900s earlier mechanical calculators, cash registers, accounting machines, and so on were redesigned to use electric motors, with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Ibm Products: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Ibm Products - Electronic Computers
List of IBM products - Computers based on vacuum tubes 1950s. IBM 305 — RAMAC — Random Access Method of Accounting and Control; 19...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 7090: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 7090 - Instruction And Data Formats
The basic instruction format was a 3-bit prefix, 15-bit decrement, 3-bit tag, and 15-bit address. The prefix field specified the class of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ibm 7090: Encyclopedia Ii - Ibm 7090 - Input/output
The 7090 series featured a data channel architecture for input and output, a forerunner of modern direct memory access I/O. Up to 10 data...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Analog Computers Pre-1940
Before World War II, mechanical and electrical analog computers were considered the 'state of the art', and many thought they were the fu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Ibm Products: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Ibm Products - Non-computer Hardware
See also the Embedded systems section, below. List of IBM products - Keypunches and verifiers. IBM 001 — Mechanical punch IBM 002 â€...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Computing Hardware: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Computing Hardware - Second Generation -- Late 1950s And Early 1960s
The next major step in the history of computing was the invention of the transistor in 1947. This replaced the fragile and power hungry v...   » Read the article