Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Hypnosis

Hypnosis is popularly understood to be a psychological condition in which an individual may be induced to exhibit apparent changes in behaviour, thought or affect - in particular an alteration in perception or memory. Although some individuals experience an increase in suggestibility and subjective feelings of relaxation, this is not true for everyone as it has been demonstrated that relaxation is not necessary for a hypnotic experience. The procedure by which this i ...

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Hypnosis - Definitions

Hypnosis - Hypnosis Applications

Hypnosis - Professional associations and governmental authorities

Hypnosis - Popular culture

Hypnosis - Fictional treatments

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia II - Hypnosis - Hypnosis Applications Hypnosis - Hypnotherapy. Main article: Hypnotherapy Hypnotherapy is a term to describe the use of hypnosis in a therapeutic context. Many hypnotherapists refer to their practice as "clinical work." Hypnotherapy can either be used as an addition to the work of licensed physicians or psychologists, or it can be used in a stand-alone environment where the hypnotherapist in question usually owns his or her own business. The majority of certified hypnotherapists (C.Hts in the US, Diploma.Hyp ...

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American Society of Clinical Hypnosis - Official Website

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Sleep

Sleep is the regular state of natural rest observed in all mammals, birds and fish. Sleep is not actually "unconsciousness," but rather, it is a natural state of rest characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement and decreased awareness of the surroundings. Therefore, since consciousness is literally the awareness of the surroundings, being asleep is just an altered state of consciousness, as opposed to being unconscious. It is heavily influenced by circadian rhythms, and by hormonal and environmental factors as well. Sleep ...

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Sleep - Sleep physiology

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Lead

Lead is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pb (L. plumbum) and atomic number 82. A soft, heavy, toxic and malleable poor metal, lead is bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes to dull gray when exposed to air. Lead is used in building construction, lead-acid batteries, bullets and shot, and is part of solder, pewter, and fusible alloys. Lead has the highest atomic number of all stable elements. (But see the article on Bismuth, which has a half life so long it can be cons ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Sleep paralysis

Sleep paralysis is a condition characterized by paralysis of the body shortly after waking up (known as hypnopompic paralysis) or, less often, shortly before falling asleep (known as hypnagogic paralysis). Physiologically, it is closely related to the normal paralysis that occurs during REM sleep, also known as REM atonia. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is awakened from a REM state into essentially a normal fully awake state, but the bodily paralysis is still occurring. This causes the person to be fully aware, but unabl ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Sleep-learning

Sleep-learning (also known as hypnopædia) attempts to convey information to a sleeping person, typically by playing a sound recording to them whilst they sleep. In Aldous Huxley's 1932 novel Brave New World, it is used for the conditioning of children into the novel's fictional future culture. In the novel, sleep-learning is supposed to have been discovered after a Polish-speaking boy named Reuben Rabinovitch was able to recite an entire radio broadcast in English after listening to it in his sleep. The boy was u ...

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Leading

In typography, leading (IPA [ˈlɛdɪŋ], rhymes with heading) refers to the amount of added space between lines of type. When type was set by hand for printing presses, printers placed slugs—strips of lead of various thicknesses—between lines of type to add space. It is generally considered that text set solid, like this paragraph, appears a little cramped, with ascenders touching descenders from the previous line. A leading of 20% of the fo ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Conditioning

Conditioning is a psychological term for what Ivan Pavlov described as the learning of "conditional" behavior. Most psychologists believe that there are two types of conditioning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. As psychologists use the term, conditioning is less prescriptive than descriptive. While Pavlov explicitly conditioned his dogs to salivate to tones, the interest in Pavlov's work is that his explicit conditioning procedures are considered useful laboratory models for what happens in the natural ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Conditional

The term conditional is used in linguistics and logic to refer to related concepts about sentences of the form If X, then Y (ie. 'if-then'). Some uses of the term are found at: Causal conditional - If X then Y, where X is a cause of Y. Conditional mood - A verb form in many languages. Counterfactual conditional or subjunctive conditional - If X, then it would have been the case that Y Indicative conditional - If-then statements in ordinary language. Material conditional -

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Procession

A procession (M. Eng., processioun, Fr., procession, Lat., processio, from procedere, to go forth, advance, proceed) is, in general, an organized body of people advancing in a formal or ceremonial manner. This definition covers a wide variety of such progresses: the medieval pageants, of which the Lord Mayors show in London is the most conspicuous survival; the processions connected with royal coronations and with court ceremonies generally; the processions of friendly societies, so popular in Great Britain ...

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) was a labor union in the United States organized by the predominantly African-American Pullman Porters. Organized in 1925, it struggled for twelve years before winning its first collective bargaining agreement with the Pullman Company. It was, in 1935 the first labor organization led by African-Americans to receive a charter in the American Federation of Labor. It merged in 1978 with the Brotherhood of Railway and Airline Clerks ( ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Active sleep

Active Sleep is a phase of sleep in neonates that appears similar to Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep in adults. While it depends on age, neonatal sleep is sometimes scored as Active Sleep, Quiet Sleep, and Wake. This is less specific than the classification of adult's sleep, and is often based on behavioral criteria due to the technical difficulties arising from recording EEG from the neonate. Scientists are divided on the precise relation between Active Sleep and REM sleep. Some suggest that they are similar, while others say i ...

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - The Lion Sleeps Tonight

"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" was a 1939 African pop hit that, unexpectedly, also became quite popular in the US. The song was first recorded by its writer, Solomon Linda, and his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939 under the title "Mbube" (Zulu for "lion"). "Mbube" became a hit throughout South Africa and sold about one hundred thousand copies during the 1940s. In 1952, the song was covered as an instrumental by American folk group The Weavers as "Wimoweh", a mishearing of the orignal song's chorus of 'uyimbube' (meaning "you ...

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Co-sleeping

Co-sleeping, also called the family bed, is a practice in which babies and young children sleep with one or both parents. It is standard practice in many parts of the world outside of North America and Europe and was widely practiced in all areas up until the 19th century as well, until the advent of giving the child his or her own room and the crib. More recently, it has been re-introduced into Western ...

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Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia - Classical conditioning

Classical conditioning, also called Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning, is a type of learning found in animals, caused by the association (or pairing) of two stimuli or what Ivan Pavlov described as the learning of "conditional" behavior, therefore called conditioning. The simplest form of classical conditioning is reminiscent of what Aristotle would have called the law of contiguity. Essentially, Aristotle said, "When two things commonly occur together, the appearance of one will bring the other to min ...

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Classical conditioning - Overview

Classical conditioning - Pavlov's experiment

Classical conditioning - Behavioral therapies based on classical conditioning

Classical conditioning - See Also

Hypnosis - Hypnosis as a conditioned process leading to sleep: Encyclopedia II - History of hypnosis - Beginnings of Formal Medical Research

History of hypnosis - James Braid and Hypnotism. The evolution of Mesmer's ideas and practices led James Braid (1795-1860) to coin the term and develop the procedure known as hypnosis in 1842. Popularly titled the "Father of Modern Hypnotism", Braid rejected Mesmer's idea of magnetism inducing hypnosis, and ascribed the creation of the 'mesmeric trance' to a physiological process—the prolonged attention on a bright moving object or similar object of fixation. He postulated that "protracted ocular fixation ...

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