The Hyksos (Egyptian heka khasewet) were an ethnically mixed group of Southwest Asiatic or Semitic people who appeared in the eastern Nile Delta during the Second Intermediate Period. They rose to power during the Second Intermediate Period, and ruled Lower and Middle Egypt for over one hundred years, forming the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Dynasties of Egypt, (ca. 1674-1548 B.C.E. See Egyptian chronology). Traditionally, only the six Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are called "Hyksos". The Hyksos had names that bear strong similar ...

Including:

• Hyksos - Who Were the Hyksos?
• Hyksos - Was There a Hyksos Invasion?
• Hyksos - Extent and Nature of Hyksos Rule
• Hyksos - The Thebean Offensive
• Hyksos - Under Sekenenra Tao II
• Hyksos - Under Kamose
• Hyksos - Under Ahmose
• Hyksos - Summary

Read more here: » Hyksos: Encyclopedia - Hyksos

Hyksos, Hyksos The Shepherd-Kings of Egypt, who invaded and conquered Egypt from the east sometime after the beginning of the 13th dynasty. Under Salatis they made Memphis their capital city and their descendants held Egypt for 511 years.

"According to Josephus, the Hyk-sos were the ancestors of the Israelites. This is doubtless substantially true" (IU 2:487).

(See also: Hyksos, Hyksos, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Manetho's account of the appearance of the Hyksos in Egypt calls it an armed invasion by a horde of foreign barbarians who met little resistance and who subdued the country by military force. It has been claimed that new revolutionary methods of warfare ensured the Hyksos the ascendancy in their invasion. Herbert Winlock in his book The Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom in Thebes describes new military hardware, such as the composite bow and most importantly the horse-drawn war chariot, as well as improved arrowheads, various kinds ...

See also:

Hyksos, Hyksos - Who Were the Hyksos?, Hyksos - Was There a Hyksos Invasion?, Hyksos - Extent and Nature of Hyksos Rule, Hyksos - The Thebean Offensive, Hyksos - Under Sekenenra Tao II, Hyksos - Under Kamose, Hyksos - Under Ahmose, Hyksos - Summary

Read more here: » Hyksos: Encyclopedia II - Hyksos - Was There a Hyksos Invasion?

Hyksos - Under Sekenenra Tao II. The war against the Hyksos began in the closing years of the Seventeenth Dynasty at Thebes. Later New Kingdom literary tradition has brought one of these Theban kings, Seqenenra Tao (II), into contact with his Hyksos contemporary in the north, Aauserra Apopi. Seqenenra is the father of the ruler above whose advisors counselled against disturbing the accommodation that had been reached with the Asiatics. The tradition took the form of a tale in which the Hyksos king Apopi sent a me ...

See also:

Hyksos, Hyksos - Who Were the Hyksos?, Hyksos - Was There a Hyksos Invasion?, Hyksos - Extent and Nature of Hyksos Rule, Hyksos - The Thebean Offensive, Hyksos - Under Sekenenra Tao II, Hyksos - Under Kamose, Hyksos - Under Ahmose, Hyksos - Summary

Read more here: » Hyksos: Encyclopedia II - Hyksos - The Thebean Offensive

Avaris, thought to be located at Tell el-Dab'a (some still argue for different locations), was the ancient capital of the Hyksos dynasties in Egypt. Located in the northeastern region of the Nile Delta, Avaris was the base of the Hyksos kings of Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. The city was built atop the ruins of a Middle Kingdom town that had been captured by the Hyksos. After this takeover, the Hyksos heavily fortified the city and ruled the country using technology never before seen by the ancient ...

Including:

• Avaris - Pi-Ramasses
• Avaris - Minoan civilization sites

Read more here: » Avaris: Encyclopedia - Avaris

Against Apion was a work written by Flavius Josephus as a defense of Judaism as a classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity against the relatively more recent traditions of the Greeks. Some anti-Semitic allegations attributed by Josephus to Apion, and myths as old as Manetho's are exposed there as well, though there was apparently some confusion between Manetho's references to the Hyksos, and the Hebrews. Assuming that Josephus was completely familiar with Manetho's points, Manetho may have simply writte ...

Including:

• Against Apion - External link

Read more here: » Against Apion: Encyclopedia - Against Apion

Ahmose, son of Ebana served in the Egyptian military under the pharaohs: Tao II Seqenenre, Ahmose, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I. His autobiography has survived intact on the wall of his tomb and has proven a valuable source of information on the late 17th Dynasty and the early 18th Dynasty of Egypt. Ahmose was born in the city of Nekheb. During the war to expel the Hyksos from Egypt, Ahmose decided to follow in his father's, Ebana, footsteps and he enlisted in the navy during the reign of Tao II Seqenre. After the deaths of Tao ...

Read more here: » Ahmose son of Ebana: Encyclopedia - Ahmose son of Ebana

This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. Abomination in the Biblical sense of the word refers to: Every shepherd was "an abomination" unto the Egyptians (Genesis 46:34). This aversion to shepherds, such as the Hebrews, arose probably from the fact that Upper and Lower Egypt had formerly been held in oppressive subjection by the Hyksos (a tribe of nomad shepherds), who had only recently been expelled, and partly also perhaps from this other f ...

Read more here: » Abomination Bible: Encyclopedia - Abomination Bible

Ahmose I (also known as Amosis I) was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty. He reigned between approximately 1550 BC-1525 BC. Ahmose was the son of king Tao II Seqenenre and brother of king Kamose, the last king of the Seventeenth dynasty. At the age of 10, Ahmose I (The Moon is Born) assumed the throne after the death of his father. Upon assuming the crown, he became known as Neb-pehty-re (The Lord of Strength is Re). His reign was dominated by the struggle against th ...

Read more here: » Ahmose I: Encyclopedia - Ahmose I

Centuries: 18th century BC - 17th century BC - 16th century BC Decades: 1650s BC 1640s BC 1630s BC 1620s BC 1610s BC - 1600s BC - 1590s BC 1580s BC 1570s BC 1560s BC 1550s BC 1600s BC - Events and trends. Egypt: End of Fourteenth Dynasty. The creation of one of the oldest surviving astronomical documents, a copy of which was found in the Babylonian library of Ashurbanipal: a 21-year record of the appearances of Venus (which the early Babylonians called Nindaranna). ...

Including:

• 1600s BC - Events and trends
• 1600s BC - Significant people

Read more here: » 1600s BC: Encyclopedia - 1600s BC

18th century BC - Significant persons. Hammurabi, ruler of the Babylonian Empire Tang overthrew emperor Jie, last ruler of the Xia dynasty. 18th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions. The Phaistos Disc most likely dating from about 1700 BC. Its purpose and meaning, and even its original geographical place of manufacture remains unknown, making it one of the most famous mysteries of archaeology. 18th century BC ...

Including:

• 18th century BC - Events
• 18th century BC - Significant persons
• 18th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 18th century BC - Deaths

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Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Eighteenth Dynasty. The Eighteenth, Nineteen and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. The Eighteenth Dynasty is perhaps the most famous of all the dynasties of ancient Egypt. It included Tutankhamen, whose relatively undisturbed tomb was one of the greatest of all archaeological discoveries, Akhenaten, widely held to have promoted the first expression of monotheism, as well as a number of Egypt's most power ...

Read more here: » Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt: Encyclopedia - Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt

Sesostris was the name of a legendary king of ancient Egypt. According to Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus (who calls him Sesoosis), and Strabo, he conquered the whole world, even Scythia and Ethiopia, divided Egypt into administrative districts or nomes, was a great law-giver, and introduced a caste system into Egypt and the worship of Serapis. He has been considered a compound of Seti I ...

Including:

• Sesostris - Bibliography

Read more here: » Sesostris: Encyclopedia - Sesostris

17th century BC - Events. 1700 – 1500 BC -- Hurrian conquests. 1700 BC - Belu-bani became the King of Assyria. c. 1700 BC - Lila-Ir-Tash started to rule the Elamite Empire. c. 1698 BC - Lila-Ir-Tash the ruler of the Elamite Empire died. Temti-Agun I started to rule the Elamite Empire. 1691 BC - Belu-bani, the King of Assyria died. c. 1690 BC - Temti-Agun I, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died. Tan-Uli started to rule the Elamite Empire.

Hyle (Greek) Wood, material; primordial matter as first manifested in and from Chaos, but as yet undifferentiated; the Mother, paired with spirit as Father. A Pythagorean word and, according to Plutarch, one of a lower tetraktys consisting of to agathon (the good), nous (intelligence), psyche (soul), and hyle (matter). Equivalent to ilus.

(See also: Hyksos, Hyksos, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Amun (also spelt Amon, Amoun, Amen, and rarely Imenand, and spelt in Greek as Ammon, and Hammon) was the name of a deity, in Egyptian mythology, who gradually rose to become one of the most important, before disappearing back into the shadows. Amun - God of Air. Originally, he was simply nothing more than a deification of the concept of air, and thus wind, one of the four fundamental concepts held to have composed the primordial universe, in the Ogdoad ...

Including:

• Amun - God of Air
• Amun - Creator
• Amun - King
• Amun - Fertility God
• Amun - Sun God
• Amun - Decline
• Amun - Derived Terms

Read more here: » Amun: Encyclopedia - Amun

Adonis | Anat | Asherah | Astarte | Ba'al | Berith | Dagon | El | Elyon | Elohim | Hadad | Mot | Salem | Shaddai | Yaw Adonai | El | Elohim | Elyon | Shaddai | Shekinah | YHWH Adad | Amurru | An/Anu | Anshar | Asshur | Abzu/Apsu | Enki/Ea | Enlil | Ereshkigal | Inanna/Ishtar | Kingu | Kishar | Lahmu & Lahamu | Marduk | Mummu | Nabu | Nammu | Nanna/Sin | Nergal | Ninhur ...

Including:

• Anat - ‘Anat in Ugarit
• Anat - ‘Anat in Egypt
• Anat - ‘Anat in Mesopotamia
• Anat - ‘Anat in Israel
• Anat - ‘Anat and Athene
• Anat - ‘Anath
• Anat - Possible late transfigurations

Read more here: » Anat: Encyclopedia - Anat

Hyksos (Egypt, Egyptian). The mysterious nomads, the Shepherds, who invaded Egypt at a period unknown and far anteceding the days of Moses. They are called the "Shepherd Kings".

(See also: Hyksos, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Originally called Paramessu, he was of non-royal birth, born into a noble family from the Nile delta region, perhaps near the former Hyksos capital of Avaris. He was a career soldier, originally the chief of the archers (a position he inherited from his father, Seti), and ultimately general of the armies. He found favor with Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous Eighteenth dynasty, who appointed Ramesses as his vizier. He also served as the High Priest of Amun – as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the Amarna heresy of ...

See also:

Ramesses I, Ramesses I - Origins, Ramesses I - Rediscovery

Read more here: » Ramesses I: Encyclopedia II - Ramesses I - Origins

Naturally, when, during the Second Intermediate Period the mysterious foreign Hyksos gained the rulership of Egypt, and ruled the Nile Delta, from Avaris, they chose Set, originally Lower Egypt's chief god, as their patron, and so Set became worshipped as the chief god once again. However, following this invasion, Egyptian attitudes towards foreigners could be best described as xenophobic, and eventually the Hyksos were deposed. During this period, Set (previously a hero), as the Hyksos' patron, came to embody all that the Egyptians disliked about the foreign rulers, and so he gradually absorbed the identities of a ...

See also:

Set mythology, Set mythology - Desert god, Set mythology - The Set animal, Set mythology - Contestings of Horus and Set, Set mythology - Saviour of Ra, Set mythology - God of Evil, Set mythology - Use in fiction, Set mythology - See

Read more here: » Set mythology: Encyclopedia II - Set mythology - God of Evil