Resazurin, C12H7NO4, obtained by the action of nitrous acid on resorcinol (P. Weselsky and R. Benedikt, Monats., 1880, f, p. 889), forms small dark red crystals possessing a greenish metallic glance. When dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid and warmed to 210 °C, the solution on pouring into water yields a precipitate of resorufin, C12H7NO3, an oxyphenoxazone, which is insoluble in water, but is readily soluble in hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, and in solutions of ca ...

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Historically it was considered one of the four alchemical "spirits". The way that it dissociates into two corrosive materials (ammonia and hydrochloric acid) which attack metals convinced some eager alchemists that it might hold the key to converting one metal to another, Arabs used it as a source of ammonia: 2NH4Cl + 2CaO → CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2NH3 It is used in manufacturing ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4): NaClO4 + NH4Cl → NH4See also:

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Mercury(II) chloride is obtained by the action of chlorine on mercury or mercury(I) chloride, by the addition of hydrochloric acid to a hot, concentrated solution of mercury(I) nitrate, HgNO3 + 2HCl → HgCl2 + H2O + NO2, or by heating a mixture of mercury(II) sulfate and sodium chloride. The mercuric chloride then sublimes and ...

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Calcium carbonate is found naturally as the following minerals and rocks: Aragonite Calcite Chalk Limestone Marble Travertine Eggshells are composed of approximately 95% calcium carbonate. To test whether a mineral or rock contains calcium carbonate, strong acids like hydrochloric acid can be dropped with a dropper onto it. If it does conatain the chemical, it will fizz and produce carbon dioxide; otherwise, it probably wouldn't react vigorously. For example, all of the roc ...

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Palynomorphs (usually between 5 and 500 micrometres in size) are extracted from rocks and sediments physically, by wet sieving, often after ultrasonic treatment, and chemically, by using chemical digestion to remove the non-organic fraction (e.g. using hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used to digest carbonate minerals, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) is used to digest silicate minerals in suitable fume cupboards in specialist laboratories). Samples are then mounted on microscope slides and examined using li ...

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Indole - Nitrogen basicity. Although the indole N-1 nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons, indole is not basic like amines and anilines because the lone pair is delocalised and contributes to the aromatic system. The protonated form has an pKa of -3.6, so that very strong acids like hydrochloric acid are needed to protonate a substantial amount of indole. The sensitivity of many indolic compounds (e.g., tryptamines) under acidic conditions is caused by this protonation.

Indole, Indole - History, Indole - Synthesis of indoles, Indole - Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis, Indole - Fischer indole synthesis, Indole - Other indole forming reactions, Indole - Chemical reactions of indole, Indole - Nitrogen basicity, Indole - Electrophilic substitution, Indole - Nitrogen-H acidity and organometallic indole anion complexes, Indole - Carbon acidity and C-2 lithiation, Indole - Oxidation of indole, Indole - Cycloadditions of indole, Indole - Applications, Indole - General references

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Anhydrous iron(III) chloride may be prepared by union of the elements: 2 Fe(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 FeCl3(s) The solution of iron(III) chloride is produced on industrial scale in two methods, from iron and from ore, in a closed-loop process. Dissolving pure iron in iron(III) chloride solution: Fe(s) + 2 FeCl3(aq) → 3 FeCl2(aq) Dissolving iron ore in hydrochloric acid:
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Anhydrous SnCl2 is prepared by the action of dry hydrogen chloride gas on tin metal. The dihydrate is made by a similar reaction, using hydrochloric acid: Sn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → SnCl2(aq) + H2(g) The water is then carefully evaporated from the acidic solution to produce crystals of SnCl2·2H2O. This dihydrate can be dehydrated to anhydrous using acetic anhydride. ...

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Vanadium is a soft and ductile, gray-white metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. Although definitely a metal, it shares with Chromium and Manganese the property of having valency oxides with acid properties. Common oxidation states of vanadium include +2, +3, +4 and +5. A popular experiment with ammonium vanadate (NH4VOSee also:

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Anhydrous AuCl3 begins to decompose to AuCl at around 160 °C; however at this will in turn undergo disproportionation at higher temperatures to give gold metal and AuCl3. AuCl3 → AuCl + Cl2 (>160 °C) 3 AuCl → AuCl3 + 2 Au (>420 °C) AuCl3 is a Lewis acid which readily forms complexes. For example with hydrochloric acid, chlorauric acid (HAuCl4) is formed: HCl(aq) + AuCl3(aq) → H+AuCl4−(aq) Ionic chlorides such as KCl will also form the A ...

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About half of the world's sodium sulfate comes from natural sources (see above), while the other half is produced as a by-product of other processes. The most important of these is the production of hydrochloric acid from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid (the Mannheim process), in which case the Na2SO4 is known as salt cake: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl Alternatively, it can be produced from sulfur dioxide using the Hargreaves process: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + H2See also:

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About half of the world's sodium sulfate comes from natural sources (see above), while the other half is produced as a by-product of other processes. The most important of these is the production of hydrochloric acid from sodium chloride (salt) and sulfuric acid (the Mannheim process), in which case the Na2SO4 is known as salt cake: 2 NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl Alternatively, it can be produced from sulfur dioxide using the Hargreaves process: 4 NaCl + 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2See also:

Sodium sulfate, Sodium sulfate - History, Sodium sulfate - Physical and chemical properties, Sodium sulfate - Occurrence, Sodium sulfate - Manufacture, Sodium sulfate - Uses, Sodium sulfate - Precautions, Sodium sulfate - Suppliers/Manufacturers, Sodium sulfate - Laboratory suppliers, Sodium sulfate - Manufacturers

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Palladium is a soft steel-white metal that resembles platinum, doesn't tarnish in air, and is the least dense and has the lowest melting point of the platinum group metals. It is soft and ductile when annealed and greatly increases its strength and hardness when it is cold-worked. Palladium is chemically attacked by sulfuric and nitric acid but dissolves slowly in hydrochloric acid. This metal al ...

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Copper(I) chloride is a Lewis acid, classified as soft according to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base concept. Thus it tends to form stable complexes with soft Lewis bases such as triphenylphosphine: CuCl + PPh3 → [CuCl(PPh3)]4 (Ph = phenyl) Although CuCl is insoluble in water, it dissolves in aqueous solutions containing suitable donor molecules. It readily forms complexes with halide ions, for example forming H3O+ CuCl2- with concentrated hydrochloric acid. It also dissolves readily in solutions containing CN-, S ...

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Chromium(III) chloride is a Lewis acid, classified as "hard" according to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base theory. However it is also a chloro complex which is quite inert to substitution, so in fact it is ordinarily quite unreactive. The low reactivity of the d3 Cr3+ ion can be explained using crystal field theory. One way of opening CrCl3 up to substitution in solution is to reduce even a trace amount to CrCl2, for example using zinc in hydrochloric acid. This chromium(II) compound undergoes substi ...

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In the Dow process, magnesium chloride is regenerated from magnesium hydroxide using hydrochloric acid: Mg(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl → MgCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l) It may also be prepared from magnesium carbonate by a similar reaction. ...

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The Leblanc process plants were decidedly not environmentally friendly. The process of generating salt cake from salt and sulfuric acid released hydrochloric acid gas, and because this acid was industrially useless in the early 1800s, it was simply vented into the atmosphere. In addition, for every 8 tons of soda ash, the process produced 7 tons of calcium sulfide waste. This solid waste had no economic value, and was piled in heaps and spread on fields near the soda works, where it weathered to release hydrogen sulfi ...

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A solution of tin(II) chloride containing a little hydrochloric acid is used for the tin-plating of steel, in order to make tin cans. An electric potential is applied, and tin metal is formed at the cathode via electrolysis. It is used as a catalyst in the production of the plastic polylactic acid (PLA). Tin(II) chloride also finds wide use as a reducing agent. This is seen in its use for silvering mirrors, where silver metal is deposited on the glass: Sn2+(aq) + 2 Ag+See also:

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Ethyl chloride is produced by reacting ethylene and hydrogen chloride over an aluminium chloride catalyst at temperatures ranging from 130-250°C. Under these conditions, ethyl chloride is produced according to the chemical equation. C2H4 + HCl → C2H5Cl At various times in the past, ethyl chloride has also been produced from ethanol and hydrochloric acid, or from ethane and chlorine, but these routes are no longer economical. Some ethyl chloride is generated as a byprod ...

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The R/S statement code for fuming hydrochloric acid (37%) is: R: 34-37 S: 26-36-45 The corresponding English language phrases are: Risks R: 34 Causes burns R: 37 Irritating to the respiratory system. Safety S: 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S: 36 Wear suitable protective clothing. S: 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediate ...

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Industrially, silane is produced from metallurgical grade silicon in a two-step process. In the first step, powdered silicon is reacted with hydrochloric acid at about 300 °C to produce trichlorosilane, HSiCl3, along with hydrogen gas, according to the chemical equation: Si + 3 HCl → HSiCl3 + H2 The trichlorosilane is then boiled on a resinous bed containing a catalyst which promotes its disproportionation to silane and silicon tetrachloride according to the chemical equation: 4 HSiCl3 → SiHSee also:

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Barium chloride may be prepared from barium hydroxide or barium carbonate (found naturally as witherite) reacting with hydrochloric acid. On an industrial scale, it can be prepared via a two step process from barite (barium sulfate)[4]: BaSO4 + 4 C → BaS + 4 CO (done with heat) BaS + CaCl2 → BaCl2 + CaS (done by fusion of the mixture) The BaCl2 can t ...

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