human trafficking

Military brothels are not unique to Japan, though the Japanese system during WWII was exceptionally large and well-organized. Comfort women - United States. Western militaries have also used such institutions for the same reasons the Japanese military did: to prevent STDs and maintain morale. Allegedly, during the American occupation of Japan, the U.S. army used military brothels set up by the Japanese government known as the Recreation and Amus ...

See also:

Comfort women, Comfort women - Brothels as part of Japanese military policy, Comfort women - Responsibility and compensation, Comfort women - The ongoing debate over comfort women, Comfort women - Military brothels, human trafficking, and sexual slavery in context, Comfort women - United States, Comfort women - Vietnamese and Viet Cong in Vietnam, Comfort women - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Comfort women - NATO

Read more here: » Comfort women: Encyclopedia II - Comfort women - Military brothels, human trafficking, and sexual slavery in context

Comfort women is a euphemism for women who were forced to work as sex slaves in military brothels in Japanese-occupied countries during World War II. In the Japanese language, ianfu (慰安婦, comfort women) is a term coined by Asahi Shinbun in the 1980s to refer to these wartime prostitutes. jūgun-ianfu (従軍慰安婦, "military comfort women"), those who served in Japanese military brothels during World War II in Japanese colonies and war zones, was also used, but is seen infrequently these days. (The word ian means 'comfort' in the sense of 'comfort someone for their arduous duties ...

Including:

• Comfort women - Brothels as part of Japanese military policy
• Comfort women - Responsibility and compensation
• Comfort women - The ongoing debate over comfort women
• Comfort women - Military brothels human trafficking and sexual slavery in context
• Comfort women - United States
• Comfort women - Vietnamese and Viet Cong in Vietnam
• Comfort women - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
• Comfort women - NATO

Read more here: » Comfort women: Encyclopedia - Comfort women

Anti-Slavery International is a charity and lobby group, based in the United Kingdom. It was founded as the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society in 1839. It was established to campaign against the modern practice of slavery. It is the UK affiliate of Free the Slaves and works entirely combating Slavery and related abuse. The organisation lobbies governments of countries with slavery to act against it. The organisation lobbies governments and international agencies to increase the priority of combating ...

Including:

• Anti-Slavery International - External link

Read more here: » Anti-Slavery International: Encyclopedia - Anti-Slavery International

Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengt ...

Including:

• Peacekeeping - History
• Peacekeeping - Cost
• Peacekeeping - Participation
• Peacekeeping - US Participation in UN peacekeeping operations
• Peacekeeping - Issues with Peacekeeping
• Peacekeeping - Hypocrisy
• Peacekeeping - Neocolonialism
• Peacekeeping - Potential for harm to troops
• Peacekeeping - Long-term problems
• Peacekeeping - Cultural Barriers
• Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping human trafficking and forced prostitution
• Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping Reform
• Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping Analysis and Documentation
• Peacekeeping - Rapid Reaction
• Peacekeeping - Peace Keeping Alternatives

Read more here: » Peacekeeping: Encyclopedia - Peacekeeping

The United Nations Charter stipulates that to assist in maintaining peace and security around the world, all member states of the UN should make available to the Security Council necessary armed forces and facilities. Since 1948, close to 130 nations have contributed military and civilian police personnel to peace operations. While detailed records of all personnel who have served in peacekeeping missions since 1948 are not available, it is estimated that up to one million soldiers, police officers and civilians have served under the UN flag ...

See also:

Peacekeeping, Peacekeeping - History, Peacekeeping - Cost, Peacekeeping - Participation, Peacekeeping - US Participation in UN peacekeeping operations, Peacekeeping - Issues with Peacekeeping, Peacekeeping - Hypocrisy, Peacekeeping - Neocolonialism, Peacekeeping - Potential for harm to troops, Peacekeeping - Long-term problems, Peacekeeping - Cultural Barriers, Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping human trafficking and forced prostitution, Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping Reform, Peacekeeping - Peacekeeping Analysis and Documentation, Peacekeeping - Rapid Reaction, Peacekeeping - Peace Keeping Alternatives

Read more here: » Peacekeeping: Encyclopedia II - Peacekeeping - Participation

The Punisher was inspired by, and is similar to, Mack Bolan, "the Executioner," a character created by Don Pendleton for a series of novels called "War Against The Mafia", that were published in 1969. There are some conspicuous differences between Mack Bolan and Frank Castle. Firstly, although Bolan's family was also devastated by organized crime, he did not have a wife or kids, nor were members of his family killed directly by criminals as in the case of Frank Castle. His sister had been taken as a prostitute by a mob boss, and his father, ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots, Punisher - Awards

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Publication history

The Wallen is hit hard by pimping and human trafficking, although the extent of these phenomena in this area is uncertain. Two anonymous vice officers of the bureau Beurstraat who have worked in this area revealed in October 2005 that there are two main groups of human traffickers on the Wallen, the "loverboys" and a group known as "the Turks". The group of loverboys consist mostly of young Moroccan males who use romantic techniques to persuade young women to work for them as prostitutes. The Turkish group concentrates mainly on the traffick ...

See also:

De Wallen, De Wallen - Pimping and Human Trafficking

Read more here: » De Wallen: Encyclopedia II - De Wallen - Pimping and Human Trafficking

Main Article: History of political science Political science - Antecedents of political science. While the study of politics is first found in the Western tradition in Ancient Greece, political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences. However, the discipline has a clear set of antecedents such as moral philosophy, political philosophy, political economy, history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing the characteristics and funct ...

See also:

Political science, Political science - History of political science, Political science - Antecedents of political science, Political science - Political science, Political science - Contemporary political science, Political science - Current fields of study

Read more here: » Political science: Encyclopedia II - Political science - History of political science

Sex-positive feminism - Pornography. The issue of pornography was perhaps the first issue to unite sex-positive feminists, though current sex-positive views on the subject are wide-ranging and complex. During the 1980s, Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon, as well as activists inspired by their writings, worked in favor of anti-pornography ordinances in a number of U.S. cities, as well as in Canada. The first such ordinance was passed by the city council in Minneapolis in 1983. MacKinnon and Dworkin took the n ...

See also:

Sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Historical roots, Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Pornography, Sex-positive feminism - Prostitution, Sex-positive feminism - S/M, Sex-positive feminism - Sexual orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Gender orientation, Sex-positive feminism - Debates within sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Critiques of sex-positive feminism, Sex-positive feminism - Further Resources, Sex-positive feminism - Sex-positive literature

Read more here: » Sex-positive feminism: Encyclopedia II - Sex-positive feminism - Major political issues related to sex-positive feminism

Punisher - Inspiration. The Punisher was inspired by, and is similar to, Mack Bolan, "the Executioner," a character created by Don Pendleton for a series of novels called "War Against The Mafia", that were published in 1969. There are some conspicuous differences between Mack Bolan and Frank Castle. Firstly, although Bolan's family was also devastated by organized crime, he did not have a wife or kids, nor were members of his family killed directly by criminals as in the case of Frank Castle. His sister had been ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Inspiration, Punisher - Introduction, Punisher - Mini-Series, Punisher - Decline, Punisher - Revival, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Definition of Justice, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Marvel Mangaverse, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Publication history

German Visa Affair 2005 - 1999/2000. In 1999 the German embassy in Kiev, Ukraine alone issued more than 150,000 visas for Germany. Long queues formed in front of the embassy. Applicants reported that Ukrainian security personnel demanded DM 100 to 500 (€50 - 250) from applicants to get ahead in the queue. At the beginning of 2000, the Minister of State at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ludger Volmer, issued a decree (known as "Volmer's Decree"), which extended the powers of the individual embassies in ...

See also:

German Visa Affair 2005, German Visa Affair 2005 - Background, German Visa Affair 2005 - 1999/2000, German Visa Affair 2005 - 2001 - 2004, German Visa Affair 2005 - 2005

Read more here: » German Visa Affair 2005: Encyclopedia II - German Visa Affair 2005 - Background

Historical research into Japanese government records documents several reasons given for the establishment of military brothels. First, Japanese authorities hoped that by providing easily accessible prostitutes and sexual slaves, the morale and ultimately the military effectiveness of Japanese soldiers would be improved. Second, by institutionalizing brothels and placing them under official scrutiny, the government hoped to control the spread of STDs. Lastly, creating brothels in military bases dir ...

See also:

Comfort women, Comfort women - Brothels as part of Japanese military policy, Comfort women - Responsibility and compensation, Comfort women - The ongoing debate over comfort women, Comfort women - Military brothels human trafficking and sexual slavery in context, Comfort women - United States, Comfort women - Vietnamese and Viet Cong in Vietnam, Comfort women - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Comfort women - NATO

Read more here: » Comfort women: Encyclopedia II - Comfort women - Brothels as part of Japanese military policy

The historical legal principles governing the treatment of prisoners of war, in shar'iah, Islamic law, (in the traditional madhabs schools of Islamic jurisprudence), closely mirror the pre-existing norms of society during Muhammad's time. Men, women, and children may all be taken as prisoners of war under traditional interpretations of Islamic law. Generally, a prisoner of war could be (at the discretion of the military leader): freed, enslaved for the purposes of labor, or sold on the slave market. Female prisoners may be enslaved as concub ...

See also:

Rules of war in Islam, Rules of war in Islam - Civilians, Rules of war in Islam - Prisoners of War, Rules of war in Islam - Quotes from the Qur'an and Hadith

Read more here: » Rules of war in Islam: Encyclopedia II - Rules of war in Islam - Prisoners of War

Criminal organizations keep their illicit actions secret, and members communicate by word of mouth or telephone. Many organized crime operations have substantial legitimate businesses, such as licensed gambling, building construction, trash hauling, or dockloading enterprises, which operate in parallel with and provide cover for drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, extortion, hijacking, fraud, and insider trading, am ...

See also:

Organized crime, Organized crime - Overview, Organized crime - Non-traditional organized crime, Organized crime - Mafia business

Read more here: » Organized crime: Encyclopedia II - Organized crime - Overview

Ormond attended Cranleigh Public School (actually a private school), and then studied acting in London, England at the Webber-Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, from which she graduated in 1988. Ormond married Rory Edwards, an actor she had met while performing in a production of Wuthering Heights. The marriage ended in 1994. Ormond's first child, a girl, was born in the autumn of 2004. She runs a production company named Indican Productions, which is based in New York, New York. < ...

See also:

Julia Ormond, Julia Ormond - Life and Career, Julia Ormond - Activism, Julia Ormond - Partial filmography, Julia Ormond - As a producer, Julia Ormond - Awards

Read more here: » Julia Ormond: Encyclopedia II - Julia Ormond - Life and Career

The Punisher possesses the normal human strength of a 6'1", 200 lb. man of his age and build who engages in intensive aerobic and weight-lifting exercising. The Punisher is a thoroughly seasoned combat veteran of exceptional skills. A former U.S. Marine Captain with a distinguished combat record, Frank Castle underwent sniper and recon training while in the Corps. He also received SEAL (Sea, Air, Land), UDT (Underwater Demolition Team), and LRRP (Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol) training. Frank Castle is well-versed in the arts of warfare a ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots, Punisher - Awards

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Abilities and training

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Frank Castle is no longer a Vietnam War veteran, but instead an ex-NYPD police officer. Only so much is known about Frank's past in the Ultimate Marvel universe before he became the Punisher due to the absence of an Ultimate Punisher comic book. Most of the information regarding the Ultimate Punisher comes from three comics (6, 7, and 8) in the Ultimate Marvel Team-Up series starring Spider-Man. While Frank was working in the NYPD, he found corruption within the police force involving several police of ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Inspiration, Punisher - Introduction, Punisher - Mini-Series, Punisher - Decline, Punisher - Revival, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Definition of Justice, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Marvel Mangaverse, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version

This short history of Frank Castle appeared in Punisher titles from 1987 to 1994: "When mobsters slew his family, Frank Castle vowed to spend the rest of his life avenging them. Trained as a U.S. Marine and equipped with a state-of-the-art arsenal, he now wages a one man war on crime". Castle has devoted his life to destroying organized crime, using the nom de guerre of the Punisher, using his combat experience (4 years as a Marine Captain in a special forces unit in the Vietnam War), guerrilla warfare (combat assault at ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots, Punisher - Awards

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Character history

When the Punisher first appeared in 1974, his outfit was a form-fitting black bodysuit with a large white skull on his chest. Over the years, the Punisher's outfit transformed from the bodysuit in the 1970s' and the 1980's to a pair of black jeans to black military cargo trousers, a black t-shirt with the white skull on the front, black combat boots, and a black leather motorcycle jacket or a black leather trench coat which have been used since The Punisher series was brought back by Garth Ennis and Steve Dillon in 2000/2001 wi ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots, Punisher - Awards

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Costume

Punisher - Movies. See main articles The Punisher (1989 film) and The Punisher (2004 film) A film adaptation, starring Dolph Lundgren, was released in 1989. It was immediately released on video in the U.S., never making it to the big screen except in other countries where it was moderately successful. The movie took some notable, heavily criticized deviations from the comics, the most obvious of which being the lack of his signature skull logo on his shirt. A second film adaptation, dir ...

See also:

Punisher, Punisher - Publication history, Punisher - Inspiration, Punisher - Introduction, Punisher - Mini-Series, Punisher - Decline, Punisher - Revival, Punisher - Character history, Punisher - Notable differences, Punisher - Views on the Vietnam War, Punisher - Views on the criminal justice system, Punisher - Definition of Justice, Punisher - Abilities and training, Punisher - Weapons, Punisher - Costume, Punisher - Marvel Mangaverse, Punisher - Ultimate Marvel version, Punisher - Adaptations, Punisher - Movies, Punisher - Television, Punisher - Video games, Punisher - Bibliography, Punisher - Regular series, Punisher - Mini-series, Punisher - One-shots

Read more here: » Punisher: Encyclopedia II - Punisher - Adaptations