Human rights refers to the concept of human beings as having universal rights, or status, regardless of legal jurisdiction, and likewise other localizing factors, such as ethnicity and nationality. The existence, validity and the content of human rights continue to be the subject to debate in philosophy and political science. However human rights are defined in international law & covenants, and further, in the domestic laws of many states. There is, however, a great deal of variance between how human rights norms are defined in these multiple contexts and ho ...

Including:

• Human rights - Human Rights in international law
• Human rights - Types of human rights
• Human rights - History of human rights
• Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights
• Human rights - Human rights controversies
• Human rights - Similar topics
• Human rights - General
• Human rights - Human rights organizations

Read more here: » Human rights: Encyclopedia - Human rights

See also:

Human rights, Human rights - Human Rights in international law, Human rights - Types of human rights, Human rights - History of human rights, Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights, Human rights - Human rights controversies, Human rights - Similar topics, Human rights - General, Human rights - Human rights organizations

Read more here: » Human rights: Encyclopedia II - Human rights - History of human rights

Human rights are typically divided into two categories: negative human rights (rights to be free from) and positive human rights (rights to), although other categorizations exist. Negative human rights, which follow mainly from the Anglo-American legal tradition, denote actions that a government should not take. These are codified in the United States Bill of Rights, the English Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ...

See also:

Human rights, Human rights - Human Rights in international law, Human rights - Types of human rights, Human rights - History of human rights, Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights, Human rights - Human rights controversies, Human rights - Similar topics, Human rights - General, Human rights - Human rights organizations

Read more here: » Human rights: Encyclopedia II - Human rights - Types of human rights

This article is about the Canadian Human Rights Act, which should not be confused with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms or the Canadian Bill of Rights. The Canadian Human Rights Act is a statute originally passed by the Government of Canada in 1977 with the express goal of extending the law to ensure equal opportunity to individuals who may be victims of discriminatory practices based on a set prohibited grounds such as gender, disability, or religion. It applies throughout Canada, but only to federally regulated activities; each province and territory has its own anti-discrimination ...

Including:

• Canadian Human Rights Act - External link

Read more here: » Canadian Human Rights Act: Encyclopedia - Canadian Human Rights Act

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (also UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (A/RES/217, December 10, 1948), outlining a view on basic human rights. John Peters Humphrey of Canada was its principal drafter, aided by Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, René Cassin of France, and P. C. Chang of China, among others. While it is not a legally binding document, it served as the foundation for the original two legally-binding UN human rights Covenants, the International Covenant on ...

Including:

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - References in Entertainment
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Notes

Read more here: » Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Encyclopedia - Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) is an supranational body tasked with promoting and protecting human rights and collective (peoples') rights throughout the African continent. It was originally an agency of the Organisation of African Unity but, following the June 2002 transformation of the OAU into the African Union, it was transferred to the purview of the latter body. The Commission came into existence with the coming into force, on 21 October 1986, of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Right ...

Including:

• African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights - Composition
• African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights - Mandate

Read more here: » African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights: Encyclopedia - African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), is a functional commission within the overall framework of the United Nations. It is a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and is also assisted in its work by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UHCHR). It is the UN’s principal mechanism and international forum concerned with the promotion and protection of human rights. United Nations Commission on Human Rights - History. The UNCHR was esta ...

Including:

• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - History
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Structure
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Sub-commissions
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Mandate
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Criticism
• United Nations Commission on Human Rights - Human rights and mental health

Read more here: » United Nations Commission on Human Rights: Encyclopedia - United Nations Commission on Human Rights

The Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) is an advocacy group established in 1969 by the Church of Scientology and Thomas Szasz, to fight what it sees as human rights crimes committed by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. Prominent anti-psychiatry advocate Dr. Peter Breggin worked with the group up until 1974. Breggin has since sought to dissociate himself from the organization. The practice of psychiatry is considered by Scientologists to be a form of extortion, based upon Scientology doct ...

Read more here: » Citizens Commission on Human Rights: Encyclopedia - Citizens Commission on Human Rights

The 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights resolution was adopted virtually unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly. While not legally binding, it urged member nations to promote a number of human, civil, economic and social rights, asserting these rights are part of the "foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world". The declaration limits the behavior of the state, which now has duties to the citizen (rights-duty duality). Efforts to create a legally binding form of the charter led to disagreements between vari ...

See also:

Human rights, Human rights - Human Rights in international law, Human rights - Types of human rights, Human rights - History of human rights, Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights, Human rights - Human rights controversies, Human rights - Similar topics, Human rights - General, Human rights - Human rights organizations

Read more here: » Human rights: Encyclopedia II - Human rights - Human Rights in international law

The United Nations Prizes in the Field of Human Rights were instituted by a United Nations General Assembly resolution in 1966. They are intended to "honour and commend people and organisations which have made an outstanding contribution to the promotion and protection of the human rights embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in other United Nations human rights instruments". They were first awarded in 1968, and they have been given out at five-year intervals since then. The award ceremony traditionally take ...

Including:

• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 2003 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1998 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1993 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1988 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1978 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1973 Awardees
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights - 1968 Awardees

Read more here: » United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights: Encyclopedia - United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights

The Bahrain Centre for Human Rights is a Bahraini non-governmental organisation closely associated with the Islamic Action Society, a small radical Islamist party in Bahrain that succeeded the Iranian-backed Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain. The role of the BCHR is to allow the Islamic Action Society to criticize Bahrain’s government and liberals without having to declare its own agenda. As such many of the members of the BCHR have close links with the Islamic Action Society: its President, Abdulhadi Khawaja, is th ...

Read more here: » Bahrain Centre for Human Rights: Encyclopedia - Bahrain Centre for Human Rights

Numerous theoretical approaches have been advanced to explain how human rights become part of social expectations. The biological theory considers the comparative reproductive advantage of human social behavior based on empathy and altruism in the context of natural selection. Other theories hold that human rights codify moral behavior, which is a human, social product developed by a process of biological and social evolution (associated with Hume) or as a sociological pattern of rule setting (as in the sociological theory of law and the wor ...

See also:

Human rights, Human rights - Human Rights in international law, Human rights - Types of human rights, Human rights - History of human rights, Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights, Human rights - Human rights controversies, Human rights - Similar topics, Human rights - General, Human rights - Human rights organizations

Read more here: » Human rights: Encyclopedia II - Human rights - Philosophical basis of human rights

The largest human rights organisation in the world, the Nobel Peace Prize winning Amnesty International, was set up in the UK. JUSTICE is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the UK. It is the British Section of the International Commission of Jurists. Its mission is to promote human rights and advance the rule of law in the UK. The lobbying organisation Liberty is an influential pressure group which aims to protect civil liberties within the UK.< ...

See also:

Human rights in the United Kingdom, Human rights in the United Kingdom - Security legislation, Human rights in the United Kingdom - Conventions and Acts, Human rights in the United Kingdom - European Convention on Human Rights 1950, Human rights in the United Kingdom - Human Rights Act 1998, Human rights in the United Kingdom - Human Rights Organisations, Human rights in the United Kingdom - Internment

Read more here: » Human rights in the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in the United Kingdom - Human Rights Organisations

Human rights in Europe - Pre-1945. 1689: The English Bill of Rights, England. 1689: The Claim of Right, Scotland. 1690: The Second Treatise of Civil Government by John Locke. Between 1750 and 1860: The majority of the Inclosure Acts, a number of United Kingdom Acts of Parliament inclosed common land in the country taking away the rights that people once held, to graze animals on these areas when not planted by crops. N.B: Common usage is enclosure, but this is not the name of the acts. 1772: British court ruling by William Mur ...

See also:

Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - Pre-1945, Human rights in Europe - 1945-1984, Human rights in Europe - 1984-present, Human rights in Europe - Council of Europe, Human rights in Europe - Human rights articles by country

Read more here: » Human rights in Europe: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe

The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) is a national independent statutory body of the Australian government. It has the responsibility for investigating alleged infringements under Australia’s anti-discrimination legislation. Matters that can be investigated by the Commission include "discrimination on the grounds of race, colour or ethnic origin, racial vilification, sex, sexual harassment, marital status, pregnancy, or disability." ...

See also:

Human rights in Australia, Human rights in Australia - Legislation, Human rights in Australia - Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Human rights in Australia - Universal suffrage, Human rights in Australia - Women, Human rights in Australia - Indigenous Australians, Human rights in Australia - Capital punishment, Human rights in Australia - Aborigines, Human rights in Australia - Massacres and dispossession of land, Human rights in Australia - Stolen generation, Human rights in Australia - Health, Human rights in Australia - Life Expectancy, Human rights in Australia - Immigration and asylum seekers, Human rights in Australia - White Australia policy, Human rights in Australia - Mandatory detention, Human rights in Australia - National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention

Read more here: » Human rights in Australia: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Australia - Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission

On September 14, 2001, the Kyrgyz Ministry of Interior declared it had implemented "passport control regime" against "pro-Islamic" activists in the southern part of Kyrgyzstan. Following the reelction of President Askar Akayev in 2003, the government reportedly "intensified" harassment of political opposition members, independent media groups, religious groups and ethnic minorities, according to Human Rights Watch. [1] In advance of elections in February 2005, the Akayev government reportedly increased political restrictions on Kyrgyz citizens, in order, according to some outside observers, to prevent a "democrat ...

See also:

Human rights in Kyrgyzstan, Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - History, Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - Andijan incident

Read more here: » Human rights in Kyrgyzstan: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Kyrgyzstan - History

Australian Aborigines are the indigenous peoples of Australia. Their ancestors probably arrived in Australia just over 50,000 years ago, although the date remains in dispute. Human rights in Australia - Massacres and dispossession of land. In 1770, Captain James Cook took possession of the east coast of Australia and named it New South Wales in the name of Great Britain. The Aboriginal population was decimated by British colonisation which began in 1788, when news of the land's fertility spread to European ...

See also:

Human rights in Australia, Human rights in Australia - Legislation, Human rights in Australia - Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Human rights in Australia - Universal suffrage, Human rights in Australia - Women, Human rights in Australia - Indigenous Australians, Human rights in Australia - Capital punishment, Human rights in Australia - Aborigines, Human rights in Australia - Massacres and dispossession of land, Human rights in Australia - Stolen generation, Human rights in Australia - Health, Human rights in Australia - Life Expectancy, Human rights in Australia - Immigration and asylum seekers, Human rights in Australia - White Australia policy, Human rights in Australia - Mandatory detention, Human rights in Australia - National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention

Read more here: » Human rights in Australia: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Australia - Aborigines

Third-generation human rights focus essentially on fraternity and, in generic terms, can be seen as rights of solidarity. They cover group and collective rights: Right to self-determination Right to economic and social development Right to natural resources Right to communicate Right to participation in mankind's heritage These rights are briefly covered in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (see above), but these provisions are an exceptional addition to th ...

See also:

Three generations of human rights, Three generations of human rights - First-generation human rights, Three generations of human rights - Second-generation human rights, Three generations of human rights - Third-generation human rights

Read more here: » Three generations of human rights: Encyclopedia II - Three generations of human rights - Third-generation human rights

See main article: Council of Europe The Council of Europe is responsible for both the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights. These institutions bind the Council's members to a code of human rights which, though strict, are more lenient than those of the United Nations charter on human rights. The Council also promotes the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the European Social Charter The ...

See also:

Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - Pre-1945, Human rights in Europe - 1945-1984, Human rights in Europe - 1984-present, Human rights in Europe - Council of Europe, Human rights in Europe - Human rights articles by country

Read more here: » Human rights in Europe: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Europe - Council of Europe

First-generation human rights deal essentially with liberty. They are fundamentally civil and political in nature and serve to protect the individual from excesses of the state. First-generation rights include, among other things, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, and freedom of religion. First generation rights are therefore mostly negative rights. They were first enshrined at the global level by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. See: Articles 3 to 21 of the U ...

See also:

Three generations of human rights, Three generations of human rights - First-generation human rights, Three generations of human rights - Second-generation human rights, Three generations of human rights - Third-generation human rights

Read more here: » Three generations of human rights: Encyclopedia II - Three generations of human rights - First-generation human rights