Human evolution is the process of change and development, or evolution, by which human beings emerged as a distinct species. It is the subject of a broad scientific inquiry that seeks to understand and describe how this change and development occurred. The study of human evolution encompasses many scientific disciplines, most notably physical anthropology and genetics. The term 'human', in the context of human evolution, refers to the genus Homo, but studies of human evolution usually include other hominids, such as the austral ...

Including:

• Human evolution - History of paleoanthropology
• Human evolution - Before Homo
• Human evolution - The Homo genus
• Human evolution - Homo habilis
• Human evolution - Homo erectus
• Human evolution - Homo ergaster
• Human evolution - Homo heidelbergensis
• Human evolution - Homo sapiens idaltu
• Human evolution - Homo floresiensis
• Human evolution - Homo neanderthalensis
• Human evolution - Homo sapiens
• Human evolution - Additional notes

Read more here: » Human evolution: Encyclopedia - Human evolution

See also:

Human evolution, Human evolution - History of paleoanthropology, Human evolution - Before Homo, Human evolution - The Homo genus, Human evolution - Homo habilis, Human evolution - Homo erectus, Human evolution - Homo ergaster, Human evolution - Homo heidelbergensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens idaltu, Human evolution - Homo floresiensis, Human evolution - Homo neanderthalensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens, Human evolution - Notable human evolution researchers, Human evolution - Additional notes

Read more here: » Human evolution: Encyclopedia II - Human evolution - Additional notes

The modern field of paleoanthropology began with the discovery of 'Neanderthal man'; and evidence of other 'cave men' in the 19th century. The idea that humans are similar to certain great apes had been obvious to people for some time, but the idea of the biological evolution of species in general was not legitimized until after Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859. Though Darwin's first book on evolution did not address the specific question of human evolution— "light will be thrown on the origin of man and his ...

See also:

Human evolution, Human evolution - History of paleoanthropology, Human evolution - Before Homo, Human evolution - The Homo genus, Human evolution - Homo habilis, Human evolution - Homo erectus, Human evolution - Homo ergaster, Human evolution - Homo heidelbergensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens idaltu, Human evolution - Homo floresiensis, Human evolution - Homo neanderthalensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens, Human evolution - Notable human evolution researchers, Human evolution - Additional notes

Read more here: » Human evolution: Encyclopedia II - Human evolution - History of paleoanthropology

Science and Spirituality: An Islamic View of Creation & Life

According to Islamic tradition, life is God's creation - regardless of whether life was specially created or resulted from evolution. Evolution itself is a process of creation as admitted by Darwin in The Origin of Species.

Creation falls into four categories - inanimate matter, plants, animals and human beings. According to Islam, all four are separate creations. Among living things, a number of species co-exist, all having been created separately. There is doubtless some similarity in physical attributes; yet, each has a permanent, separate existence. There is no concept of a missing link in Islam.

Read more here: » Science and Spirituality: An Islamic View of Creation Life

They go by many names, such as Star Kids, Indigos or Crystalline Children. Whatever they're called, believers say this group of prodigies started appearing about 30 years ago and may now make up as much as 90 percent of the population under ten. They also exhibit strange side effects, like a higher resistance to pollutants but an increased sensitivity to sugar and food additives. These are babies born with an inherent knowledge of art, language and spirituality, possessing an impressive wealth of wisdom. Some will even go so far as to say these kids are not only prime candidates for the gifted and talented program, but the next step in human evolution.

(See also: Indigo Children, What is Indigo Children, Parenting Indigo Children, Adult Indigo, Indigo Children Channeling)

The Venus-Sun transit of June 7-8 2004 is a golden opportunity for humankind to gain access to the necessary and special knowledge that ensures human evolution and existence.

Read more here: » Venus Transit: Sabian Imagery in the Venus Transit

Humans or human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man"): a bipedal primate of the superfamily Hominoidea, together with the other apes: chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Humans have an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects and a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, speech, language, and ...

Including:

• Human - Terminology
• Human - Biology
• Human - Anatomy and physiology
• Human - Life cycle
• Human - Genetics
• Human - Race and ethnicity
• Human - Habitat
• Human - Population
• Human - Human evolution
• Human - Intelligence
• Human - Culture
• Human - Origins
• Human - Language
• Human - Music
• Human - Emotion and sexuality
• Human - Body image
• Human - Trade and economics
• Human - Artifacts technology and science
• Human - Mind
• Human - Psychology and human ethology
• Human - Philosophy
• Human - Motivation
• Human - Self-reflection and humanism
• Human - Spirit

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia - Human

Neophocaena Phocoena - Harbor porpoises Phocoenoides - Dall's Porpoises The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae; they are related to whales and dolphins. They are however distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" is often used to refer to any small dolphin, especially in North America. A key difference is the shape of the teeth and of the head. Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the H ...

Including:

• Porpoise - Anatomy
• Porpoise - Behaviour
• Porpoise - Taxonomy
• Porpoise - Evolution of porpoises
• Porpoise - Human impact

Read more here: » Porpoise: Encyclopedia - Porpoise

Instinct is the inherent disposition of a living organism toward a particular action. Instincts are generally inherited patterns of responses or reactions to certain kinds of stimuli. In humans they are most easily observed in behaviors such as emotions, sexual drive, and other bodily functions, as these are largely biologically determined. Instinct provides a response to external stimuli, which moves an organism to action, unless overriden by intelligence, which is creative and hence far more versatile. Since instincts take generatio ...

Including:

• Instinct - Overview
• Instinct - Evolution
• Instinct - Instincts in humans

Read more here: » Instinct: Encyclopedia - Instinct

A biped (BY-ped) meaning "two feet" (Latin bi = two + ped = foot) is an animal that travels across surfaces supported by two legs. Biped - Bipedalism in general. Bipedal locomotion is walking, running, and standing on two legs. Energy-efficient means of standing bipedally involve constant adjustment of balance, and of course these must avoid overcorrection. Efficient walking complicates these issues, as it entails tipping slightly off-balance forward and to the side, and correcting bala ...

Including:

• Biped - Bipedalism in general
• Biped - Animals and humans
• Biped - Evolution of bipedalism
• Biped - Bipedal biological taxa
• Biped - Robots
• Biped - External link

Read more here: » Biped: Encyclopedia - Biped

Hematophagy is the habit of certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words, haima, blood, and phagein, eat). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious proteins and lipids and can be taken without enormous effort, hematophagy has evolved as a preferred form of feeding in many small animals, such as worms and arthropods. Some intestinal helminth worms, such as the Ascaris, feed on blood extracted from the capillaries of the gut and about 75% of all species of leeches (Hirudo medicinalis), a free-li ...

Including:

• Hematophagy - Mechanism and evolution of hematophagy
• Hematophagy - Medical importance
• Hematophagy - Human hematophagy

Read more here: » Hematophagy: Encyclopedia - Hematophagy

The Beluga Whale or White Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-arctic species of cetacean. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the Beluga - the word derives from the Russian beloye meaning white. Beluga whale - Taxonomy and evolution. The Beluga was first described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1776. It is a member of the Monodontidae taxonomic family alongside the Narwhal. The Irrawaddy Dolphin was also once considered to be in the same family th ...

Including:

• Beluga whale - Taxonomy and evolution
• Beluga whale - Naming
• Beluga whale - Physical description
• Beluga whale - Distribution
• Beluga whale - Behaviour
• Beluga whale - Population and human interaction

Read more here: » Beluga whale: Encyclopedia - Beluga whale

Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely distributed taxon within the Phylum Arthropoda. Insects comprise the most diverse group of animals on the earth, with over 800,000 species described—more than all other animal groups combined: "Indeed, in no one of her works has Nature more fully displayed her exhaustless ingenuity," Pliny exclaimed. Insects may be found in nearly all environments on the planet, although only a small number of species have adapted to life in the ocean ...

Including:

• Insect - Relationship to other arthropods
• Insect - Morphology and development
• Insect - Behavior
• Insect - Roles in the environment and human society
• Insect - Fossils and evolution
• Insect - Quotes

Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia - Insect

Muscle is a contractile form of tissue. It is one of the four major tissue types, the other three being epithelium, connective tissue and nervous tissue. Muscle contraction is used to move parts of the body, as well as to move substances within the body. Muscle - Types. There are three general types of muscle: Cardiac muscle is a specialized kind of muscle found only within the heart. It cannot get tired and is "involuntary". Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored by tendons ...

Including:

• Muscle - Types
• Muscle - Anatomy
• Muscle - Physiology
• Muscle - Nervous control
• Muscle - Efferent leg
• Muscle - Afferent leg
• Muscle - Role in health and disease
• Muscle - Exercise
• Muscle - Disease
• Muscle - The strongest human muscle
• Muscle - Efficiency
• Muscle - Muscle evolution

Read more here: » Muscle: Encyclopedia - Muscle

Animal communication is any behaviour on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behaviour of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoosemiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition. Animal communication - Intraspecies vs. interspecies communication. The sender and receiver of a communication may ...

Including:

• Animal communication - Intraspecies vs. interspecies communication
• Animal communication - Interspecies communication
• Animal communication - Prey to predator
• Animal communication - Predator to prey
• Animal communication - Symbiotic species
• Animal communication - Human/animal communication
• Animal communication - Intraspecies communication
• Animal communication - Forms of communication
• Animal communication - Functions of communication
• Animal communication - Evolution of communication
• Animal communication - Communication and understanding
• Animal communication - Animal communication and human behaviour
• Animal communication - Animal communication and linguistics
• Animal communication - External link

Read more here: » Animal communication: Encyclopedia - Animal communication

Life expectancy is the average number of years remaining for a living being (or the average for a class of living beings) of a given age to live. Life expectancy is also called average life span or mean life span, in particular distinction to maximum life span (the life span of the most long lived members of a class of living beings). Although it is common usage to talk about life expectancy of any living being ranging from trees, insects, dogs, stroke victims, to mine workers, this article focuses on human life e ...

Including:

• Life expectancy - Overview
• Life expectancy - Increasing life expectancy
• Life expectancy - Life expectancy over human history
• Life expectancy - Timeline for humans
• Life expectancy - Variations in life expectancy in the world today
• Life expectancy - Life expectancy of animals and plants
• Life expectancy - Evolution and aging rate
• Life expectancy - Calculating life expectancy
• Life expectancy - Other meanings
• Life expectancy - Increasing lifespan

Read more here: » Life expectancy: Encyclopedia - Life expectancy

Contemporary views on race vary considerably between and within academic disciplines. Contemporary views differ from historical ones. Many views are complex, and are distinguished by subtle differences. Often the significance of differences between views is related to the use of race in biomedicine. This article compares the major contemporary views on race. Contemporary views on race - Summary of contemporary views. Contemporary views on race - Do human races exist?. R ...

Including:

• Contemporary views on race - Summary of contemporary views
• Contemporary views on race - Do human races exist?
• Contemporary views on race - What about subspecies?
• Contemporary views on race - If race had a biological basis what would it be?
• Contemporary views on race - The phylogeographic subspecies definition
• Contemporary views on race - Background
• Contemporary views on race - Total human genetic diversity
• Contemporary views on race - Time frame of modern human evolution
• Contemporary views on race - Distribution of genetic variation within/between populations
• Contemporary views on race - Topical comparisons
• Contemporary views on race - Which populations qualify as races?
• Contemporary views on race - Do self-identified races have biological validity?
• Contemporary views on race - Are self-identified races merely populations?
• Contemporary views on race - What are the implications of the clinal view of human variation?
• Contemporary views on race - What does admixture mean for the biological validity of races?
• Contemporary views on race - What is the relationship between race and ethnicity?

Read more here: » Contemporary views on race: Encyclopedia - Contemporary views on race

Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones. Birds range in size from the tiny hummingbirds to the huge Ostrich and Emu. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are about 8,800–10,200 living bird species (plus about 120–130 that have become extinct in the span of human history) in the world, making them the mos ...

Including:

• Bird - High-level taxonomy
• Bird - Bird orders
• Bird - Evolution
• Bird - Reproduction
• Bird - Mating systems and parental care
• Bird - Respiration
• Bird - Other anatomy
• Bird - Birds and humans
• Bird - Trivia

Read more here: » Bird: Encyclopedia - Bird

The origins of humanity have often been a subject of great political and religious controversy (see Creation-evolution controversy and Hybrid-origin) The classification of humans and their relatives has changed considerably over time (see History of hominoid taxonomy). Speculation about the future evolution of humans is often explored in science fiction as continued speciation of humans as they fill various ecologic ...

See also:

Human evolution, Human evolution - History of paleoanthropology, Human evolution - Before Homo, Human evolution - The Homo genus, Human evolution - Homo habilis, Human evolution - Homo erectus, Human evolution - Homo ergaster, Human evolution - Homo heidelbergensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens idaltu, Human evolution - Homo floresiensis, Human evolution - Homo neanderthalensis, Human evolution - Homo sapiens, Human evolution - Additional notes

Read more here: » Human evolution: Encyclopedia II - Human evolution - Additional notes

Comparative genomics studies of mammalian genomes suggest that approximately 5% of the human genome has been conserved by evolution since the divergence of those species approximately 200 million years ago, containing the vast majority of genes and regulatory sequences. Intriguingly, since genes and known regulatory sequences probably comprise less than 2% of the genome, this suggests that there may be more unknown functional sequence than known functional sequence. A smaller, but large, fraction of human genes seem ...

See also:

Human genome, Human genome - Features, Human genome - Chromosomes, Human genome - Genes, Human genome - Regulatory sequences, Human genome - Junk DNA, Human genome - Variation, Human genome - Evolution, Human genome - Mitochondrial genome

Read more here: » Human genome: Encyclopedia II - Human genome - Evolution