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Human Body | A Wisdom Archive on Human Body | | Human Body A selection of articles related to Human Body | |
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human body
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Human Body | | | | |  Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burialNot all cultures bury their dead, and many of those that do bury their dead do not do so in all cases. Alternatives include:
Burial at sea is the practice of depositing the body in an ocean or other large body of water instead of soil. It may be disposed in a coffin, or without one.
Cannibalism is the practice of eating the remains. This may be for many reasons: for example to partake of their strength, to spiritually "close the circle" by reabsorbing their life into the family or clan, to annihilate an enemy, or due to ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burial |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Muscle - Physiology The three types of muscle have significant differences, but all use the movement of actin against myosin to produce contraction and relaxation. In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves, the motor nerves and motoneurons in particular. All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facilitated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Muscles and muscular activity account for most of the body's energy consumption. Muscles store energy for their own use in the form of glycogen, which represents about 1% of their mass. This can be rapidly converted to g ...
See also:Muscle, Muscle - Types, Muscle - Anatomy, Muscle - Physiology, Muscle - Nervous control, Muscle - Efferent leg, Muscle - Afferent leg, Muscle - Role in health and disease, Muscle - Exercise, Muscle - Disease, Muscle - The strongest human muscle, Muscle - Efficiency, Muscle - Muscle evolution Read more here: » Muscle: Encyclopedia II - Muscle - Physiology |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial Rotting corpses emit unpleasant odors (due to gases released by bacterial decomposition) and look gruesome. Burial prevents the living from having to see and smell the corpses. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, the WHO advises that corpses are not actually dangerous unless a person died from an infectious disease; corpses resulting from death by trauma (for instance, from natural disasters) are u ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Criteria of human death Human death can be defined by three intrinsically different but overlapping domains: biological, legal, and religious. These different domains and their importance have evolved over time, and opinions vary from person to person.
There are various ways of defining biological death. Early in Western culture, death was first associated with cessation of the heart, and then later the lungs. When these stopped working, a person was considered dead. It was only later that attention shifted to the brain. One test for brain activity was to po ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Criteria of human death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Defining the moment of human death There is an asymmetry between life and death. While cells and organisms may die, they have never been observed to arise from non-living material (spontaneous generation), as found by Louis Pasteur in the late 19th century. In human affairs, we are normally concerned with the life and death of a person, not his or her parts.
Identifying the exact moment of death is important for a number of reasons. It allows for the correct time on death certificates, and helps ensure that a person's legal Will is executed only after he or she is trul ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Defining the moment of human death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Causes of human death in the US In 2002, in the United States, the top causes of death were:
Heart disease: 696,947
Cancer: 557,271
Stroke: 162,672
Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 124,816
Accidents (unintentional injuries): 106,742
Diabetes: 73,249
Influenza/pneumonia: 65,681
Alzheimer's disease: 58,866
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 40,974
Septicemia: 33,865
Suicide: 30,622
Murder: 16,110
Execution: 71
Statistical data from U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Death Penal ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Causes of human death in the US |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Solar System The Solar System was created from the remnants of previous stellar systems that went supernova, and is hence, relative to the rest of the universe, richer in heavier elements.
Population I stars contain significant amounts of elements heavier than helium ("metals", in the terminology of astronomers). These heavy elements were produced by earlier generations of stars and spread by supernova explosions ...
See also:Abundance of the chemical elements, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Universe, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Solar System, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in Earth, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in Earth's crust, Abundance of the chemical elements - Ocean, Abundance of the chemical elements - Atmosphere, Abundance of the chemical elements - Organisms, Abundance of the chemical elements - Human body Read more here: » Abundance of the chemical elements: Encyclopedia II - Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Solar System |
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| | | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Biological death Death is the irreversable ending of life. Biologically, death can occur to wholes, to parts, or to both. For example, it is possible for individual cells and even organs to die, and yet for the organism as a whole to continue to live; many individual cells live for only a short time, and so most of an organism's cells are continually dying and being replaced by new ones.
When organisms die most of their cells live for some time afterward. ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Biological death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - The process of dying
Death - Cell death.
A. Normal cellular function
1. Production of free energy required for vital cellular metabolism
2. Production of enzymatic and structural protein
3. Maintenance of chemical and osmotic homeostasis of cell
4. Cell reproduction
B. Needs of cell
1. Oxygen, phosphate, calcium… (C, H, N, O, P, S; pronounced "schnapps")
2. Nutritional substrates
3. ATP – required as a source of free energy
4. Intact cell membranes
5. Steady-state acti ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - The process of dying |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Causes of human death in the US In 2002, there were 1,293,000 intentional abortions in the United States. Some would count these in death statistics.
In 2002, in the United States, the top causes of death were:
Heart disease: 696,947
Cancer: 557,271
Stroke: 162,672
Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 124,816
Accidents (unintentional injuries): 106,742
Diabetes: 73,249
Influenza/pneumonia: 65,681
Alzheimer's disease: 58,866
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 40,974
Septicemia: 33,865
Suicide: 30, ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Causes of human death in the US |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Consciousness after death Belief in consciousness after death (e.g. afterlife, underworld, reincarnation, heaven, hell) is common and ancient. This point of view holds conciousness to be more than simply one of the things that brains do.
The belief that any and all consciousness ceases to exist at death, and that death itself is ultimately the exact same experience as prior to conception, is also common and ancient. This point of view is that talking of conciousness after death is like talk ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Consciousness after death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Since writing someone's name with a range of years, such as John Doe (1950 - 2000), implies that the subject has died, it would be a faux pas to do this on someone's birthday cake or card. This is unlike an anniversary of something.
In China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, thus possibly all Oriental countries, the number 4 is often associated to death due to the sound of the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean words for four and death being similar. For this reason, hospitals and hotels often omit the 4th, 14th, etc. floors. However, ISO 3166-2 codes for Japan does have JP-04 for Miyagi Pref ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Since writing someone's name with a range of years, such as John Doe (1950 - 2000), implies that the subject has died, it would be a faux pas to do this on someone's birthday cake or card. This is unlike an anniversary of something.
In China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan the number 4 is often associated to death due to the sound of the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean words for four and death being similar. For this reason, hospitals and hotels often omit the 4th, 14th, etc. floors. However, ISO 3166-2 codes for Japan does have JP-04 for Miyagi Pref ...
See also:Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Universe Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the known Universe; helium is second. However, after this, the rank of abundance does not continue to correspond to the atomic number; oxygen has abundance rank 3, but atomic number 8. All others are orders of magnitude less common.
Both helium-3 and helium-4 were produced in the Big Bang. Additional helium is produced by the fusion of hydrogen inside stellar cores, via a process called the proton-proton chain.
Hydrogen and helium are estimated to make up roughly 80% and 20% of all the m ...
See also:Abundance of the chemical elements, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Universe, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Solar System, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in Earth, Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in Earth's crust, Abundance of the chemical elements - Ocean, Abundance of the chemical elements - Atmosphere, Abundance of the chemical elements - Organisms, Abundance of the chemical elements - Human body Read more here: » Abundance of the chemical elements: Encyclopedia II - Abundance of the chemical elements - Abundance of elements in the Universe |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Signs of approaching death
Death - When death is imminent.
Physical death is a progressive process, during which there are some signs that usually indicate that death is imminent. Not all of the following changes occur, nor do they necessarily occur in any particular order, as the body shuts down during the dying process. In general, the following information may help anticipate and understand changes that appear as an individual approaches death and is “actively dying.”
The dying individual may become increasingly tired a ...
See also:Death, Death - Interpretations of death, Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal, Death - When is a person dead?, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes during the process of dying, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - When death is imminent, Death - When death occurs, Death - Causes of death in the United States, Death - Other notable causes of death in the United States 2002, Death - What happens to humans after death?, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Signs of approaching death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Signs of approaching death
Death - When death is imminent.
Physical death is a progressive process, during which there are some signs that usually indicate that death is imminent. Not all of the following changes occur, nor do they necessarily occur in any particular order, as the body shuts down during the dying process. In general, the following information may help anticipate and understand changes that appear as an individual approaches death and is “actively dying.”
The dying individual may become increasingly tired a ...
See also:Death, Death - Interpretations of death, Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal, Death - When is a person dead?, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes during the process of dying, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - When death is imminent, Death - When death occurs, Death - Most causal causes of death, Death - Other notable causes of death in the United States 2002, Death - What happens to humans after death?, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Signs of approaching death |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Homeostasis - Overview The term is most often used in the sense of biological homeostasis. Multicellular organisms require a homeostatic internal environment, in order to live; many environmentalists believe this principle also applies to the external environment. Many ecological, biological, and social systems are homeostatic. They oppose change to maintain equilibrium. If the system does not succeed in reestablishing its balance, it may ultimat ...
See also:Homeostasis, Homeostasis - Overview, Homeostasis - Properties of homeostasis, Homeostasis - Mechanisms of homeostasis: feedback, Homeostasis - Ecological homeostasis, Homeostasis - Biological homeostasis, Homeostasis - Homeostasis in the human body, Homeostasis - Other fields, Homeostasis - Examples Read more here: » Homeostasis: Encyclopedia II - Homeostasis - Overview |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Weight - Human weight in the medical sciences and ordinary language Although many people prefer the less-ambiguous term body mass to body weight, the term weight is overwhelmingly used in daily English speech and in biological and medical science contexts. Body weight is measured in kilograms throughout the world. Most hospitals in the United States use kilograms for calculations, but use kilograms and pounds simultaneously for other purposes (a pound is 0.45 kg). Many people in the United Kingdom still measure their weight using th ...
See also:Weight, Weight - Weight and mass, Weight - Units of weight and mass, Weight - Converting between weight and mass in SI units, Weight - Sensation of weight, Weight - Measuring weight, Weight - Relative weights on the earth moon and planets, Weight - Human weight in the medical sciences and ordinary language, Weight - Sports usage Read more here: » Weight: Encyclopedia II - Weight - Human weight in the medical sciences and ordinary language |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - What happens to humans after death? The second question is of what, apart from the cessation of metabolism and the onset of physiological processes of decay, happens, especially to humans, during and after death (or "once dead", thinking of death as a permanent state). In particular, there is the question of what becomes of consciousness or the soul. Such questions are of long standing, and belief in an afterlife (such as an underworld), or in reincarnation, are common and ancient. The belief that any and all consciousness ceases to exist at death, and that death ("after-life" ...
See also:Death, Death - Interpretations of death, Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal, Death - When is a person dead?, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes during the process of dying, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - When death is imminent, Death - When death occurs, Death - Causes of death in the United States, Death - Other notable causes of death in the United States 2002, Death - What happens to humans after death?, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - What happens to humans after death? |
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| | | | | Human Body: Encyclopedia II - Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal Human death can be defined by three intrinsically different but overlapping domains: medical, religious, and legal. These different domains and their importance have evolved over time, and opinions vary from person to person. So when talking about death, it is important to specify which domain we are referring to, and to have a general understanding of how each defines death.
There are various ways of defining medical death. Early in Western culture, death was first associated with cessation of the heart, and then later the lungs. Whe ...
See also:Death, Death - Interpretations of death, Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal, Death - When is a person dead?, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes during the process of dying, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - When death is imminent, Death - When death occurs, Death - Causes of death in the United States, Death - Other notable causes of death in the United States 2002, Death - What happens to humans after death?, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions Read more here: » Death: Encyclopedia II - Death - Criteria of human death: medical religious and legal |
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