Culture is defined here as a set of distinctive material, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual features of a social group, including art, literature, lifestyles, value systems, traditions, rituals, and beliefs. Culture consists of at least three elements: values, social norms, and artifacts. A culture's values define what it holds to be important. Norms are expectations of how people ought to behave. Artifacts — things, or material culture — derive from the culture's values and norms together with its understanding of the way th ...

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Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Food and drink, Human - Population, Human - Evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Government politics and the state, Human - Trade and economics, Human - War, Human - Artifacts science and technology, Human - Body image, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

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This same theme (of dense to subtle Body and Plane/Universe) is also found in Rudolph Steiner's Anthroposophical teachings, although it is simplified considerably in that only the Physical, Etheric, and Astral Bodies are referred to (beyond the Astral is the Ego which in Steiner's system is the immortal soul or spiritual aspect of man. According to both Blavatsky, Adyar Theosophy, Steiner, and some forms of Spiritualism, after physical death one lives in the subtle bodies until these too drop away and the Soul or Spirit returns to its true home to rest b ...

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Subtle body, Subtle body - The yogic body, Subtle body - The subtle body in Theosophy, Subtle body - The human energy field, Subtle body - The subtle body in Anthroposophy, Subtle body - The subtle body in Rosicrucianism, Subtle body - Projection and exteriorisation, Subtle body - Other interpretations, Subtle body - Perceiving the subtle body

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Whilst the Eastern esoteric traditions emphasise a single subtle body (apart from the Vedantic concept of five koshas), in the West (beginning with Neoplatonism) the emphasis has often been on a series of subtle bodies or vehicles (okhema) of consciousness. This reached its most detailed and systematic account in the writings of C.W. Leadbeater and Annie Besant, who established the Adyar School of Theosophy. They described in detail the seven bodies, and established many of the themes that would be canonical in "new age" thought. The ...

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Subtle body, Subtle body - The yogic body, Subtle body - The subtle body in Theosophy, Subtle body - The human energy field, Subtle body - The subtle body in Anthroposophy, Subtle body - The subtle body in Rosicrucianism, Subtle body - Projection and exteriorisation, Subtle body - Other interpretations, Subtle body - Perceiving the subtle body

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For human purposes, it's most important to understand that iron is not just an absolute requirement for life for humans but also most bacterial species, including bacteria that cause human diseases. And because plants and animals all use iron, iron can be found in a wide variety of food sources. Iron is essential because of its unique ability to serve as both an electron donor and acceptor. This property makes iron potentially toxic on its own, because iron can catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into free radicals, which in ...

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Human iron metabolism, Human iron metabolism - Importance of iron regulation, Human iron metabolism - Body iron stores, Human iron metabolism - How the body gets its iron, Human iron metabolism - Absorbing iron from the diet, Human iron metabolism - Reasons for iron deficiency, Human iron metabolism - The possibility of too much iron, Human iron metabolism - How cells get their iron from the body, Human iron metabolism - Regulation of circulating iron levels, Human iron metabolism - Diseases of iron regulation

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Iron is too toxic to simply leave iron uptake up to the cells that might or might not need it. The body needs to control the amount of iron that circulates as well. As discussed above, ferroportin transport regulates the amount of iron that leaves the duodenal enterocytes and goes into the circulation. Ferroportin is also found in the iron-storing cells of the liver and in iron-storing macrophages. Ferroportin, in turn, is regulated by hepcidin. Hepdicin stops ferroportin from releasing iron into the rest of the body. So a high level of hepc ...

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Human iron metabolism, Human iron metabolism - Importance of iron regulation, Human iron metabolism - Body iron stores, Human iron metabolism - How the body gets its iron, Human iron metabolism - Absorbing iron from the diet, Human iron metabolism - Reasons for iron deficiency, Human iron metabolism - The possibility of too much iron, Human iron metabolism - How cells get their iron from the body, Human iron metabolism - Regulation of circulating iron levels, Human iron metabolism - Diseases of iron regulation

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From a utilitarian point of view the study of humans is the most important division of special anatomy, and this human anatomy may be approached from different points of view. From that of Medicine it consists of a knowledge of the exact form, position, size and relationship of the various structures of the healthy human body, and to this study the term descriptive or topographical human anatomy is given, though it is often, less h ...

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Anatomy, Anatomy - Animal anatomy, Anatomy - Human anatomy, Anatomy - Major body systems, Anatomy - Organs, Anatomy - Bones in the human skeleton, Anatomy - Glands, Anatomy - Tissues, Anatomy - Externally visible parts of the human body, Anatomy - Other anatomic terms not classified

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In its pure form strontium is extremely reactive with air and spontaneously combusts. It is therefore considered to be a fire hazard. ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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Adair Crawford recognized the mineral strontianite, named after the Scottish village of Strontian, as differing from other barium minerals in 1790.Hope discovered strontium itself in 1798 and metallic strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 using electrolysis. Strontium is named for the village of Strontian in Scotland. Strontium was among the radioactive material released by the 1957 Windscale fire. ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal and is somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Strontium is a bright silvery metal that is softer than calcium and even more reactive in water; strontium will decompose on contact to produce strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It burns in air to produce both strontium oxide and ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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At present the primary use for strontium is in glass for color television cathode ray tubes. Other commercial uses: Production of ferrite magnets and refining zinc. Strontium titanate has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond, making it useful in a variety of optics applications. Strontium titanate has been cut into gemstones, in particular for its use as diamond simulant. However, it is very soft and easily scratches so it is rarely used. Stro ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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Strontium commonly occurs in nature, averaging 0.034% of all igneous rock and is found chiefly as the form of the sulfate mineral celestite (SrSO4) and the carbonate strontianite (SrCO3). Of the two, celestite occurs much more frequently in sedimentary deposits of sufficient size to make development of mining facilities attractive. Strontianite would be the more useful of the two common minerals because strontium is used most often in the carbonate form, but few deposits have been discovered that are suitable for development. The metal can be prepared by electrolysis of melted strontium ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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The term "autopsy" derives from the Greek for "to see for oneself". "Necropsy" is from the Greek for "seeing a dead body". There are two types of autopsies: Forensic: This is done for medical-legal purposes and is the one that is normally seen on television or in the news. Clinical: This is usually performed in hospitals to determine a cause of death for research and study purposes. While dissection of human remains for medical reasons has been practised irregularly for millennia, the ...

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Autopsy, Autopsy - General information, Autopsy - Forensic autopsy, Autopsy - The process, Autopsy - External examination, Autopsy - Internal examination, Autopsy - Reconstitution of the body, Autopsy - Other information

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The alkali earth metal strontium has four stable, naturally occurring isotopes: Sr-84 (0.56%), Sr-86 (9.86%), Sr-87 (7.0%) and Sr-88 (82.58%). Only Sr-87 is radiogenic; it is produced by decay from the radioactive alkali metal rubidium-87, which has a half-life of 48,800,000,000 years. Thus, there are two sources of Sr-87 in any material: that formed during primordial nucleo-synthesis along with Sr-84, Sr-86 and Sr-88, as well as that formed by radioactive decay of Rb-87. The ratio Sr-87/Sr-86 is the parameter typically reported in geologic ...

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Strontium, Strontium - Notable characteristics, Strontium - Applications, Strontium - History, Strontium - Occurrence, Strontium - Isotopes, Strontium - Precautions, Strontium - Effect on the human body

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Examples of rationalization in the modern world abound, and a comprehensive list would be infeasible. Following is a list of some of general rational trends. Rationalization sociology - Human body. One rational tendency is towards increasing the efficiency and output of the human body. Several means can be employed in reaching this end, including trends towards regular exercise, dieting, liposuction, increased hygiene, drugs, and an emphasis on optimal nutrition. These allow for stronger, leaner, more opti ...

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Rationalization sociology, Rationalization sociology - Rationalization in the modern world, Rationalization sociology - Human body, Rationalization sociology - Consumption, Rationalization sociology - Commercialization, Rationalization sociology - Structures of authority, Rationalization sociology - Effects of rationalization

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Specific humidity is a method of expressing the amount of aqueous vapor in air by using a ratio of water vapor to dry air. Specific humidity is expressed as a ratio of kilograms of water vapor, mw, per kilogram of air, ma . That ratio can be given as: Partial pressure of water vapor ...

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Humidity, Humidity - Absolute humidity, Humidity - Specific humidity, Humidity - Relative humidity, Humidity - Effects on human body, Humidity - See Also

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Relative humidity is the ratio of the current vapor pressure of water in any gas (especially air) to the equilibrium vapor pressure, at which the gas is called saturated at the current temperature, expressed as a percentage. Equivalently, it is the ratio of the current mass of water per volume of gas and the mass per volume of a saturated gas. The numerators of these ratios are the two ways of expressing absolute humidity. The following graph compares dew point (maximum humidity in red) to 50% relative humidity (green line halfway between zero and th ...

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Humidity, Humidity - Absolute humidity, Humidity - Specific humidity, Humidity - Relative humidity, Humidity - Effects on human body, Humidity - See Also

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For the human body, the physiological consequences of death follow a recognized sequence through early changes into bloating, then decay to changes after decay and finally skeletal remains. Soon after death (15–120 minutes depending on various factors), the body begins to cool (algor mortis), becomes pallid (pallor mortis), and internal sphincter muscles relax, leading to the release of urine, feces, and stomach contents if the body is moved. The blood moves to pool in the lowest parts of the body, livor mortis (dependent lividity), ...

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Death, Death - Biological death, Death - Criteria of human death, Death - Defining the moment of human death, Death - The process of dying, Death - Cell death, Death - Physiological changes, Death - Signs of approaching death, Death - Causes of human death in the US, Death - Consciousness after death, Death - Physiological consequences of human death, Death - Settlement of dead human bodies, Death - Personification of death, Death - Unwritten customs and superstitions

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The digging up of a buried body is called exhumation, and is considered sacrilege by most cultures that bury their dead. However, there is often a number of circumstances in which exhumation is tolerated: If an individual died under suspicious circumstances, a legitimate investigating agency (such as a police agency) may exhume the body to determine the cause of death. A body may be exhumed so that it may be reburied elsewhere. Once human remains reach a certain age, many cultures consider the remains to ...

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Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial

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Human bodies are not always buried, and many cultures may not bury their dead in every case. Alternatives to burial include the following. In most cases these alternatives are still intended to maintain respect for the dead, but some are intended to prolong the display of remains. Butchering the corpse by hand to remove the flesh. Burial at sea is the practice of depositing the body in an ocean or other large body of water instead of soil. It may be disposed in a coffin, or without one. Funerary Cannibalism is ...

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Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial

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Depending on what definition of "strongest" is used, many different muscles in the human body can be characterized as being the "strongest." In ordinary parlance, muscular "strength" usually refers to the ability to exert a force on an external object—for example, lifting a weight. By this definition, the masseter or jaw muscle is the strongest. The 1992 Guinness Book of Records records the achievement of a bite strength of 975 lbf (4337 N) for two seconds. What distinguishes the masseter is not anything special about the muscle itself, but its advantage in working ...

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Muscle, Muscle - Types, Muscle - Anatomy, Muscle - Physiology, Muscle - Nervous control, Muscle - Efferent leg, Muscle - Afferent leg, Muscle - Role in health and disease, Muscle - Exercise, Muscle - Disease, Muscle - The strongest human muscle, Muscle - Efficiency, Muscle - Muscle evolution

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In many human cultures throughout history, human corpses were usually buried in soil. Burial grounds have been uncovered all over the world. Mounds of earth, temples, and underground caverns were used to store the dead bodies of ancestors. In modern times, the custom of burying dead people below ground with a stone marker to mark the place is used in almost every modern culture, although other means such as cremation are becoming more popular in the west (cremation is the norm in India). Different cultures bury their dead in different ways. Some of these practices are heavily ritualized; others are simply practical. See also:

Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial

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After death, the corpse will start to decay and emit unpleasant odors due to the gases released by bacterial decomposition. Burial prevents the living from having to see and smell the corpses, but is not necessarily a public health requirement. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the WHO advises that only corpses carrying an infectious disease strictly require bural [1] [2] (see also dead bodies and health risks). Various human burial practices seek to demonstrate "respect for the dead", for the following reasons. Respect fo ...

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Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial

Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial